不同原料生物碳对滴灌棉花产量及土壤磷素利用率的影响
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摘要
【目的】以棉花秸秆、玉米穗轴、鸡粪为原料制备生物碳,探究不同原料生物碳对棉花产量和磷素利用率的影响。【方法】试验设置4个生物碳处理:对照、棉花秸秆生物碳处理、玉米穗轴生物碳处理和鸡粪生物碳处理,分别用CK,BC1,BC2,BC3表示。每个生物碳处理施磷量设置2个水平:0,175 kg·hm-2用P0和P1表示。【结果】与对照相比,3种生物碳的施用均能提高土壤全磷含量。P0水平下,BC1、BC2、BC3分别较CK增加3%、6%、9%; P1水平下,分别较CK增加8%、9%、12%。不同施磷水平下,BC1、BC3处理土壤有效磷含量显著高于对照;而BC2与对照间无明显差异。不施磷条件下,各生物碳处理土壤水溶性含量显著高于CK;施磷条件下,BC2、BC3处理土壤水溶性磷含量显著高于CK。各处理均能增加棉花干物质重和产量。在不施磷条件下,BC1、BC2、BC3棉花产量较CK分别增加4%、8%、11%。施磷条件下,产量较CK分别增加17%、16%、20%。生物碳处理均可显著提高磷肥表观利用率,分别较CK增加28%、167%和202%。【结论】不同原料生物碳的施用均能显著增加棉花产量提高磷素利用率,其中以鸡粪生物碳的影响最大。
【Objective】This paper aimed to investigate the effects of biochar on cotton yield and phosphorus use efficiency in different raw materials.【Method】Four treatments[control(CK),cotton straw biochar(BC1),corn cob biochar(BC2) and chicken manure biochar(BC3) ]were designed,and each treatment had two levels of phosphorus(P2 O5) : 0,175 kg·hm-2,expressed in P0 and P1. The effects of different biochar on cotton yield and phosphorus use efficiency were studied. 【Result】Compared with the control,three kinds of biochar application could improve soil total phosphorus content. Under the level of P0,BC1,BC2 and BC3 respectively compared with CK increased by 3. 3 %,5. 6 %,8. 9 %,and the level of P1,CK were increased by 7. 9 %,8. 9 %,11. 7 %. The application of three biochar could increase dry matter weight and yield of cotton. Under the condition of no phosphorus,the yield of cotton treated with BC1,BC2 and BC3,compared with CK,increased by 3. 7 %,7. 5 % and 11. 4 %,respectively. Under P1 conditions,the cotton yield compared with CK increased by 17 %,16 % and 20 %,respectively. BC1,BC2 and BC3 could significantly increase apparent utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer,which respectively increased by 28 %,167 % and 202 %,compared with CK.【Conclusion】The application of biochar from different raw materials could significantly increase cotton yield and phosphorus utilization,among which the biocarbon from chicken manure was the most important.
【Objective】This paper aimed to investigate the effects of biochar on cotton yield and phosphorus use efficiency in different raw materials.【Method】Four treatments[control(CK),cotton straw biochar(BC1),corn cob biochar(BC2) and chicken manure biochar(BC3) ]were designed,and each treatment had two levels of phosphorus(P2 O5) : 0,175 kg·hm-2,expressed in P0 and P1. The effects of different biochar on cotton yield and phosphorus use efficiency were studied. 【Result】Compared with the control,three kinds of biochar application could improve soil total phosphorus content. Under the level of P0,BC1,BC2 and BC3 respectively compared with CK increased by 3. 3 %,5. 6 %,8. 9 %,and the level of P1,CK were increased by 7. 9 %,8. 9 %,11. 7 %. The application of three biochar could increase dry matter weight and yield of cotton. Under the condition of no phosphorus,the yield of cotton treated with BC1,BC2 and BC3,compared with CK,increased by 3. 7 %,7. 5 % and 11. 4 %,respectively. Under P1 conditions,the cotton yield compared with CK increased by 17 %,16 % and 20 %,respectively. BC1,BC2 and BC3 could significantly increase apparent utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer,which respectively increased by 28 %,167 % and 202 %,compared with CK.【Conclusion】The application of biochar from different raw materials could significantly increase cotton yield and phosphorus utilization,among which the biocarbon from chicken manure was the most important.
引文
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[20]杨小燕,范瑞英,王恩姮,等.典型黑土区不同水土保持林表层土壤磷素形态及有效性[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(6):1555-1560.
[21]刘玉学,唐旭,杨生茂,等.生物炭对土壤磷素转化的影响及其机理研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(6):1690-1695.
[2]王荣萍,余炜敏,梁嘉伟,等.改性生物炭对菜地土壤磷素形态转化的影响[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(5):872-876.
[3]张璐,贾丽,陆文龙,等.不同碳化温度下玉米秸秆生物炭的结构性质及其对氮磷的吸附特性[J].吉林大学学报,2015,53(4):802-808.
[4]武玉.生物炭对土壤中磷的形态转化以及有效性的影响[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2015:1-9.
[5]何绪生,张树清,佘雕.生物炭对土壤肥料的作用及未来研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(15):16-25.
[6]ZHANG Yu-lan,CHEN Li-jun. Examining the Effects of Biochar Application on Soil Phosphorus Levels and)Phosphatase Activities with Visible and Fluorescence Spectroscopy[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2016,36(7):2325-2329.
[7]代银分,李永梅.秸秆生物炭对施猪粪有机肥土壤磷流失及白菜产量的影响[J].山西农业大学学报,2016,36(11):793-799.
[8]郎印海,王慧,刘伟.柚皮生物炭对土壤中磷吸附能力的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报,2015,45(4):78-84.
[9]王岚.快速热解生物质半焦的制备及其在沙漠土壤中的应用[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2015
[10]黄超,刘丽君,章明奎.生物质炭对红壤性质和黑麦草生长的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2011,37(4):439-445.
[11]武爱莲.玉米秸秆生物炭对褐土微生物功能多样性及细菌群落的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(6):736-743.
[12]陈心想.生物炭对土壤性质、作物产量及养分吸收的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014:1-7.
[13]Islami T,Guritno B,Basuki N,et al. Maize yield and associated soil quality changes in cassava+maize intercropping system after 3years of biochar application[J]. Journal of Agriculture and Food Technology,2011,1(7):112-115.
[14]刘园,靳海洋.秸秆生物炭对潮土作物产量和土壤性状的影响[J].土壤学报,2015,52(4):849-858.
[15]Uzoma K C,Inoue M,Andry H,et al. Effect of cow manurebiochar on maize productivity under sandy soil condition[J]. Soil Use and Management,2011,27(2):205-212.
[16]唐光木,葛春辉,徐万里,等.施用生物黑炭对新疆灰漠土肥力与玉米生长的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(9):1797-1802.
[17]房彬,李心清,赵斌,等.生物炭对旱作农田土壤理化性质及作物产量的影响[J].钟磊生态环境学报,2014,23(8):1292-1297.
[18]Uzoma K C,M. Inoue,H. Andry,et al. Influence of biochar application on sandy soil hydraulic properties and nutrient retention[J].Journal of Food,Agriculture and Environment,2011,9(3-4):1137-1143.
[19]靖彦,陈效民,刘祖香,等.生物黑炭与无机肥料配施对旱作红壤有效磷含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(4):989-994.
[20]杨小燕,范瑞英,王恩姮,等.典型黑土区不同水土保持林表层土壤磷素形态及有效性[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(6):1555-1560.
[21]刘玉学,唐旭,杨生茂,等.生物炭对土壤磷素转化的影响及其机理研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(6):1690-1695.