金属有机骨架在水环境治理领域的应用
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摘要
金属有机骨架(MOFs)由金属节点与有机配体通过配位键连接而成的多孔网络框架材料,其具有高比表面积和孔隙率以及丰富可调的孔结构,使其成为广泛关注的研究热点之一。对近几年来MOFs在水环境治理领域,特别是对重金属离子和有机污染物治理领域的研究进展进行了综述;讨论了MOFs通过构件分子和孔结构的修饰与调控对水中污染物的吸附机理;指出作为吸附剂MOFs最大的优越性在于,可根据目标污染物分子、离子的特点,在MOFs中引入不饱和金属位点和各种官能团和对骨架结构、孔隙大小和孔表面物理化学特性进行调控,以达到增大吸附选择性、增加吸附容量、提高吸附速率的目的,在吸附法去除重金属离子和有机污染物治理领域的有很大的潜力。同时,在合成MOFs时采用环境友好的构建分子,避免二次污染,并逐步降低成本。
Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are porous frameworks in which metal nodes and organic ligands are linked by coordination bonds.Their high specific surface area and porosity,and rich and adjustable pore structures make it one of the hot topics of research.In this mini-review,the recent research progresses of MOFs in the remediation of polluted water,especially the treatment of inorganic heavy metal ions and organic pollutants were summarized.The mechanisms of the adsorptive removal of various pollutants from water were discussed.It was pointed out that for MOFs,their properties superior than other absorbents were that there were ways to tune the pore structures and introduce unsaturated metal sites and specific functionalities into the frameworks to change their surficial physicochemical properties according to the molecular or ionic properties of the target pollutants in water aiming to enhance the adsorptive selectivity,the adsorptive capacity and adsorptive rate.That's why MOFs had a promising future as absorbents in absorptive removal of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants in water.However,there were a few barriers on the way to the practical applications:(1)enhancing water stability in various environments,(2)enhancing stability under different conditions of regeneration and(3)decrease in costs of MOFs by using environmentally-benign building blocks in abundance.
Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are porous frameworks in which metal nodes and organic ligands are linked by coordination bonds.Their high specific surface area and porosity,and rich and adjustable pore structures make it one of the hot topics of research.In this mini-review,the recent research progresses of MOFs in the remediation of polluted water,especially the treatment of inorganic heavy metal ions and organic pollutants were summarized.The mechanisms of the adsorptive removal of various pollutants from water were discussed.It was pointed out that for MOFs,their properties superior than other absorbents were that there were ways to tune the pore structures and introduce unsaturated metal sites and specific functionalities into the frameworks to change their surficial physicochemical properties according to the molecular or ionic properties of the target pollutants in water aiming to enhance the adsorptive selectivity,the adsorptive capacity and adsorptive rate.That's why MOFs had a promising future as absorbents in absorptive removal of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants in water.However,there were a few barriers on the way to the practical applications:(1)enhancing water stability in various environments,(2)enhancing stability under different conditions of regeneration and(3)decrease in costs of MOFs by using environmentally-benign building blocks in abundance.
引文
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[9] Kennedy R D,Krungleviciute V,Clingerman D J,et al.Carborane-based metal-organic framework with high methane and hydrogen storage capacities[J].Chemistry of Materials,2013,25(17):3539-3543.
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[14] Cui X,Chen K,Xing H,et al.Pore chemistry and size control in hybrid porous materials for acetylene capture from ethylene[J].Science,2016,353(6295):141-144.
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[17] Zou L,Zhou H C.Hydrogen storage in metal-organic frameworks[J].Nanostructured Materials for Next-Generation Energy Storage and Conversion,2017,22(20):143-170.
[18] Liu D,Wu H,Wang S,et al.A high connectivity metalorganic framework with exceptional hydrogen and methane uptake capacities[J].Chemical Science,2012,3(10):3032-3037.
[19] So M C,Wiederrecht G P,Mondloch J E,et al.Metalorganic framework materials for light-harvesting and energy transfer[J].Chemical Communications,2015,51(17):3501-3510.
[20] Lin Y,Kong C,Zhang Q,et al.Metal-organic frameworks for carbon dioxide capture and methane storage[J].Advanced Energy Materials,2017,7(4):1601296.
[21] Murray L J,DincM,Long J R.Hydrogen storage in metal-organic frameworks[J].Chemical Society Reviews,2009,38(5):1294-1314.
[22] Yang Q,Ma L,Zhong C,et al.Enhancement of CO2/N2 mixture separation using the thermodynamic stepped behavior of adsorption in metal-organic frameworks[J].J Phys Chem C,2011,115(6):2790-2797.
[23] Cychosz K A,Wong-Foy A G,Matzger A J.Liquid phase adsorption by microporous coordination polymers:removal of organosulfur compounds[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2008,130(22):6938-6939.
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[25] Saikat D,Xu S X,Ben T,et al.Chiral recognition and separation by chirality enriched-metal-organic frameworks[J].Angew Chem Int Ed,2018,57(28):8629-8633.
[26] Liu Minghua.Precise construction of catalytic function MOFs:selective hydrogenation regulator[J].Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica,2016,32(11):2645-2646(in Chinese).刘鸣华.催化功能MOFs的精准构筑:选择性加氢反应调控器[J].物理化学学报,2016,32(11):2645-2646.
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[30] Kreno L E,Leong K,Farha O K,et al.Metal-organic framework materials as chemical sensors[J].Chemical Reviews,2015,112(2):1105-1125.
[31] Chen B,Yang Y,Zapata F,et al.Luminescent open metal sites within a metal-organic framework for sensing small molecules[J].Advanced Materials,2010,19(13):1693-1696.
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[33] Chen Y,Li P,Modica J A,et al.Acid-resistant mesoporous metal-organic framework toward oral insulin delivery:protein encapsulation,protection&release[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2018,140(17):5678-5681.
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[35] Kobielska P A,Howarth A J,Farha O K,et al.Metalorganic frameworks for heavy metal removal from water[J].Coordination Chemistry Reviews,2018,358:92-107.
[36] Howarth A J,Liu Y,Hupp J T,et al.Metal-organic frameworks for applications in remediation of oxyanion/cation-contaminated water[J].Crystengcomm,2015,17(38):7245-7253.
[37] Yaghi O M,Kim J,Rosi N,et al.Systematic design of pore size and functionality in isoreticular MOFs and their application in methane storage[J].Science,2002,295(5554):469-472.
[38] Deng H,Grunder S,Cordova K E,et al.Large-pore apertures in a series of metal-organic frameworks[J].Science,2012,336(6084):1018-1023.
[39] Shen K,Zhang L,Chen X,et al.Ordered macro-microporous metal-organic framework single crystals[J].Science,2018,359(6372):206-210.
[40] Yang P,Mao F,Li Y,et al.Hierarchical porous Zrbased MOFs synthesized by a facile monocarboxylic acid etching strategy[J].Chemistry,2018,24(12):2962-2970.
[41] Islamoglu T,Goswami S,Li Z,et al.Postsynthetic tuning of metal-organic frameworks for targeted applications[J].Acc Chem Res,2017,50(4):805-813.
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