仿生多尺度沟槽织构对表面摩擦性能的影响
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摘要
仿生织构是仿照生物结构在摩擦副表面加工出特定尺度的纹理结构,以达到预期的表面性能,在工况恶劣的机械摩擦中拥有广阔的应用前景。参考蚯蚓头部多尺度沟槽织构,基于沟槽织构的基本结构参数深度、宽度、间距,在球墨铸铁和灰铸铁表面设计并激光加工多种梯度变化的沟槽织构,利用RTEC多功能摩擦磨损试验机中的销盘模块进行试验,从摩擦因数、磨损量、表面形貌、能量损耗、SEM、元素分布等方面分析其表面摩擦性能及机理。结果表明:同种织构应用于不同材料表面时,摩擦副的摩擦性能会呈现差异性,材料应作为设计织构参数时考虑的要素之一;沟槽织构的结构参数是影响表面抗磨损能力的主要因素之一;间距梯度沟槽织构相较于其它类型的多尺度沟槽织构,拥有最佳的表面性能,得益于其优秀的油膜形成、补充、稳定以及磨屑储存、冲刷能力。
Bionic texturing is to produce a specific texture type on the surface of friction pairs based on biomimetic principle,to achieve expected surface properties. It has wide spread application prospects in mechanical friction under the harsh working conditions. Referring to the multi-scales groove textures of the earthworm head, the groove textures with different gradients were designed and manufactured by laser machining on the surface of ductile cast iron and gray cast iron, based on the basic structural parameters of groove textures: depth, width and interval. The experiment was carried out on the pin-plate module of the RTEC multi-functional friction and wear tester. The surface properties and function mechanisms were analyzed on the aspects of friction coefficient, wear volume, surface morphology, energy loss, SEM and element distribution. The experimental results show that the friction properties of the friction pair appear differences when the same texture is applied to different material surfaces. Material should be considered as one of the factors in designing texture parameters. The structural parameter of groove textures is one of the main elements that affects the wear resistance of the surface. The interval gradient groove texture has the better surface properties than other types of multi-scales groove textures due to its excellent ability of oil film formation, replenishment, stability and debris storage and scour.
Bionic texturing is to produce a specific texture type on the surface of friction pairs based on biomimetic principle,to achieve expected surface properties. It has wide spread application prospects in mechanical friction under the harsh working conditions. Referring to the multi-scales groove textures of the earthworm head, the groove textures with different gradients were designed and manufactured by laser machining on the surface of ductile cast iron and gray cast iron, based on the basic structural parameters of groove textures: depth, width and interval. The experiment was carried out on the pin-plate module of the RTEC multi-functional friction and wear tester. The surface properties and function mechanisms were analyzed on the aspects of friction coefficient, wear volume, surface morphology, energy loss, SEM and element distribution. The experimental results show that the friction properties of the friction pair appear differences when the same texture is applied to different material surfaces. Material should be considered as one of the factors in designing texture parameters. The structural parameter of groove textures is one of the main elements that affects the wear resistance of the surface. The interval gradient groove texture has the better surface properties than other types of multi-scales groove textures due to its excellent ability of oil film formation, replenishment, stability and debris storage and scour.
引文
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[3]XU Q,WAN Y,HU T S,et al.Robust self-cleaning and micromanipulation capabilities of gecko spatulate and their biomimics[J].Nature Communication,2015(6):8949.
[4]杨宗榕,郭智威,袁成清.仿生微胶囊复合水润滑轴承材料的摩擦性能研究[J].摩擦学学报,2018,38(1):28-36.YANG Z R,GUO Z W,YUAN C Q.Tribological properties of water-lubricated stern bearing composites modified with biomimetic microcapsules[J].Tribology,2018,38(1):28-36(in Chinese).
[5]LIU C,ZHU L,BU W,et al.Superhydrophobic surfaces:From nature to biomimetic through VOF simulation[J].Micron,2018,107:94-100.
[6]GUO Z W,YUAN C Q,LIU A X,et al.Study on tribological properties of novel biomimetic material for water-lubricated stern tube bearing[J].Wear,2017,376-377:911-919.
[7]汪久根,陈仕洪,王庆九.仿生菱形表面织构对高速列车摩擦噪声的影响[J].交通运输工程学报,2014(1):43-48.WANG J G,CHEN S H,WANG Q J.Effect of bionic rhombic surface texture on frictional noise of high-speed train[J].Journal of Traffic&Transportation Engineering,2014(1):43-48(in Chinese).
[8]谭娜,邢志国,王海斗,等.基于仿生原理的几何构型及其功能性的研究进展[J].材料工程,2018,46(1):133-140.TAN N,XING Z G,WANG H D,et al.Research progress on geometric texturing and function based on bionic theory[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2018,46(1):133-140(in Chinese).
[9]孙艺文,汝绍锋,丛茜.仿生凹坑形钻井泥浆活塞磨损寿命试验[J].石油学报,2017,38(2):234-240.SUN Y W,RU S F,CONG Q.Wear-life experiment of drilling mud pump piston with dimple-shaped bionic surface[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(2):234-240(in Chinese).
[10]YU H Y,ZHANG H C,GUO Y C,et al.Thermodynamic analysis of shark skin texture surfaces for microchannel flow[J].Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics,2016(28):1361-1371.
[11]ZHENG L,WU J J,ZHANG S,et al.Bionic coupling of hardness gradient to surface texture for improved anti-wear properties[J].Journal of Bionic Engineering,2016,13(3):406-415.
[12]李俊玲,陈平,邵天敏,等.葫芦形微凹坑对不锈钢表面摩擦性能的影响[J].摩擦学学报,2016,36(2):207-214.LI J L,CHEN P,SHAO T M,et al.The effect of gourdshaped surface texture on tribological performance of stainless steel[J].Tribology,2016,36(2):207-214(in Chinese).
[13]HUA X J,SUN J G,ZHANG P Y,et al.Research on discriminating partition laser surface micro-texturing technology of engine cylinder[J].Tribology International,2016,98:190-196.
[14]CHENG X J,RU S F,SUN Y W,et al.Wear performance of bionic strip-shaped mud pump pistons[J].Proceedings of The Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C-Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,2017,231(21):4076-4084.
[15]AHMED A,MASJUKI H H,VARMAN M A,et al.An overview of geometrical parameters of surface texturing for piston/cylinder assembly and mechanical seals[J].Meccanica,2016,51(1):9-23.
[16]刘国敏.蚯蚓体表减粘降阻功能耦合仿生研究[D].吉林:吉林大学,2009.LIU G M.Coupling bionic research on the adhesion and resistance reduction of the earthworm surface[D].Jilin:Jilin University,2009(in Chinese).
[17]武伟,陈桂民,赵娜,等.激光在高速钢表面加工沟槽表面织构的实验研究[J].红外与激光工程,2016,45(2):146-153.WU W,CHEN G M,ZHAO N,et al.Experimental study on the groove surface texture processed by laser on the surface of high-speed steel[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2016,45(2):146-153(in Chinese).
[18]卢男.铸造表面粗糙度三维评价体系建立及检测方法研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2014.LU N.The three-dimension evaluation system establishment and detection method research of casting surface roughness[D].Harbin:Harbin University of Science and Technology,2014(in Chinese).
[19]WU W,CHEN G M,Fan B X,et al.Effect of groove surface texture on tribological characteristics and energy consumption under high temperature friction[J].Plos One,2016,11(4):e0152100.