激光激发表面波测量表面缺陷深度的数值研究
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摘要
为了研究声表面波与表面缺陷的作用机理,实现激光超声技术对表面微缺陷定量检测,本文采用有限元法首先分别研究了声表面波与缺陷前沿、缺陷后沿的作用,然后讨论了缺陷宽度的存在对缺陷前沿与声表面波作用的影响,最后通过分析矩形缺陷与声表面波的作用,给出了能定量表征表面缺陷的特征量。研究结果表明:RS波(特征点Q)后的振荡信号(特征点W、E)来源于透射表面波在缺陷后沿所产生的振荡。特征点Q的到达时间随表面缺陷深度或宽度增大都呈现微小的线性增长;特征点W、E的到达时间差随表面缺陷深度的增大呈线性增长,与缺陷宽度的变化无关。最后,根据特征点的到达时间实现了缺陷深度的定量计算。研究结果为表面缺陷的定量检测提供了理论依据。
In order to realize quantitative detection of the surface-breaking defects by laser ultrasonic technology,the mechanism of the surface acoustic wave and the surface-breaking defects are studied. In this paper,the finite element method is used to study the interaction between the front and rear edge of the surface defects and surface acoustic wave,respectively. Then the influence of the existence of defect width on the front of the defect and the surface acoustic wave is discussed. Finally,the characteristic quantity( oscillation signal) which can quantitatively characterize the surface defect is given by analyzing the rectangular defect interaction with surface acoustic wave. The simulation results show that the oscillation signals( feature points W and E) after RS wave( feature point Q) originate from the oscillations of the transmitted Rayleigh wave at the rear edge of the defect. The arrival time of feature point Q showed a trend of slight increase linearly with the increase of defect depth or width; the arrival time difference of feature points W and E increase linearly with the increase of defect depth,which is independent of the defect width. The depth of the surface defect is quantitatively calculated according to the arrival time of the feature points. The research results will provide a theoretical basis for detecting surface defects.
In order to realize quantitative detection of the surface-breaking defects by laser ultrasonic technology,the mechanism of the surface acoustic wave and the surface-breaking defects are studied. In this paper,the finite element method is used to study the interaction between the front and rear edge of the surface defects and surface acoustic wave,respectively. Then the influence of the existence of defect width on the front of the defect and the surface acoustic wave is discussed. Finally,the characteristic quantity( oscillation signal) which can quantitatively characterize the surface defect is given by analyzing the rectangular defect interaction with surface acoustic wave. The simulation results show that the oscillation signals( feature points W and E) after RS wave( feature point Q) originate from the oscillations of the transmitted Rayleigh wave at the rear edge of the defect. The arrival time of feature point Q showed a trend of slight increase linearly with the increase of defect depth or width; the arrival time difference of feature points W and E increase linearly with the increase of defect depth,which is independent of the defect width. The depth of the surface defect is quantitatively calculated according to the arrival time of the feature points. The research results will provide a theoretical basis for detecting surface defects.
引文
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[3]RUAN Xueqian,LIN Xin,HUANG Chunping,et al.Ultrasonic nondestructive testing of hole type defects in laser solid forming TC4 alloy[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2015,42(12):72-79.(in Chinese)阮雪茜,林鑫,黄春平,等.TC4合金激光立体成形孔洞类缺陷的超声检测[J].中国激光,2015,42(12):72-79.
[4]GUO Haiyang,XU Zhixiang,LIU Zhiyi,et al.Laser ultrasonic test for defects of metal plate with coating[J].Laser&Infrared,2017,47(05):541-547.(in Chinese)郭海洋,徐志祥,刘志毅,等.带涂层金属板件缺陷的激光超声检测研究[J].激光与红外,2017,47(05):541-547.
[5]ZHOU Zhengan,ZHANG Kuanshuang,ZHOU Jianghua.Application of laser ultrasonic technique for non-contact detection of structural surface-breaking cracks[J].Optics&Laser Technology,2015,73:173-178.
[6]WANG Chuanyong,SUN Anyu,XUE Maosheng,et al.Width gauging of surface slot using laser-generated Rayleigh waves[J].Optics&Laser Technology,2017,92:15-18.
[7]GUO Hualing,ZHENG Bin,LIU Hui.Numerical simulation and experimental research on interaction of micro-defects and laser ultrasonic signal[J].Optics and Laser Technology,2017,96:58-64.
[8]GUAN Jianfei.Numerical study on depth gauging of surface breaking defects using laser-generated surface acoustic waves[J].Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,2011,50(3):032703.
[9]WANG Wei,ZHONG Zheng,PAN Yongdong.Scattered echo of surface defect in the far field of Rayleigh wave generated by laser[J].Laser Technology,2015,39(02):157-165.(in Chinese)王威,仲政,潘永东.激光远场激发表面波在开口缺陷处的散射回波[J].激光技术,2015,39(02):157-165.
[10]LIU Hui,ZHENG Bin,WANG Zhaoba,et al.Time dependence of laser-induced Rayleigh wave for detecting surface defect depth[J].Laser&Infrared,2017,47(06):669-673.(in Chinese)刘辉,郑宾,王召巴,等.激光瑞利波的时间依赖性探测表面缺陷深度[J].激光与红外,2017,47(06):669-673.
[11]WANG Yujing,WU Yaojin,LIU Hui,et al.An experimental study on depth evaluation of micro-surface crack by laser generated acoustic surface waves[J].Journal of Applied Acoustics,2016,35(01):36-41.(in Chinese)王余敬,吴耀金,刘辉,等.声表面波检测铝板表面微缺陷深度实验研究[J].应用声学,2016,35(01):36-41.
[12]LI Kesi,MA Zhiyuan,FU Pan,et al.Quantiative evaluation of surface crack depth with a scanning laser source based on particle swarm optimization-neural network[J].NDT&E International,2018,98:208-214.
[13]Cooper Jeremy A,Crosbie Ross A,Dewhurst Richard J,et al.Surface acoustic wave interactions with cracks and slots:a noncontacting study using lasers[J].IEEE Trans.UFFC,1986,UFFC-33:462-470.