基于因子-聚类分析的菠萝园土壤养分状况评价
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摘要
为了解海南万宁市和琼海市菠萝主产区土壤养分现状,调查测定了240个土壤样品养分含量,分别进行单项养分指标等级评价和基于因子聚类分析综合评价。等级评价结果表明,调研区域土壤酸化现象严重,pH <4.5的强酸性土壤占比达78.33%;土壤有机质含量普遍较低,有55.83%的调研地块有机质含量处于缺乏状态<2%;82%以上地块土壤碱解氮和速效钾缺乏;土壤速效磷含量较高,处于中等及以上等级地块比例占82.92%;交换性钙和交换性镁含量普遍缺乏;微量元素有效锌、有效铜和有效硼在部分地块含量较低,分别有17.05%、46.25%、34.17%处于较缺乏及以下等级水平。因子分析表明,测定的10项养分指标可提取出4个公因子,其中因子1和因子2表征的有机质、碱解氮、速效钾、pH、交换性钙和交换性镁是影响菠萝园土壤养分综合状况最主要的因素。进一步对土壤养分综合评价值IFI值进行聚类分析可知,万宁市菠萝园土壤IFI值范围为-0.669～1.605,均值为0.104,其中仅有29.16%的土壤处于中等及以上肥力水平;琼海市菠萝园土壤IFI值范围为-0.767～1.113,均值为-0.104,仅有17.50%的土壤处于中等及以上肥力水平;整体来说,万宁市菠萝园土壤养分综合评价状况优于琼海市菠萝园土壤。
In order to investigate the current soil nutrient status of pineapple orchards in Wanning and Qionghai of Hainan Province, 240 soil samples were collected and 10 soil nutrient indices were analyzed, and then grade evaluation for each nutrient index and comprehensive evaluation were conducted based on factor-cluster analysis methods. The results showed that soil acidification was evident in the most area of the surveyed pineapple fields, with 78.33% of fields at pH < 4.5. Soil organic matter was in generally low level, less than 2% in 55.83% of total fields.More than 82% of fields displayed low levels of soil available nitrogen and potassium. Soil available phosphorus was in relatively high levels, with 82.92% of fields at medium grades or above. Soil exchangeable calcium and magnesium were in generally low levels. Soil available zinc, copper and boron were in partially low levels, accounting for 17.05%,46.25% and 34.17% of fields, respectively. Four factors were selected among the tested nutrients based on factor analysis method, and factor 1 and 2, including soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available potassium, pH,exchangeable calcium and magnesium, were the main factors influencing the overall soil nutrient status. The integrated fertility index of soil(IFI) ranged from -0.669 to 1.605 in Wanning, with a mean value of 0.104. And only 29.16% of fields were in medium soil fertility levels or above. While the IFI values were lower in Qionghai, ranging -0.767 ～1.113 with a mean value of -0.104, and only 17.50% of fields were in medium soil fertility levels or above. The overall soil nutrient status in pineapple orchards in Wanning was better than that in Qionghai.
In order to investigate the current soil nutrient status of pineapple orchards in Wanning and Qionghai of Hainan Province, 240 soil samples were collected and 10 soil nutrient indices were analyzed, and then grade evaluation for each nutrient index and comprehensive evaluation were conducted based on factor-cluster analysis methods. The results showed that soil acidification was evident in the most area of the surveyed pineapple fields, with 78.33% of fields at pH < 4.5. Soil organic matter was in generally low level, less than 2% in 55.83% of total fields.More than 82% of fields displayed low levels of soil available nitrogen and potassium. Soil available phosphorus was in relatively high levels, with 82.92% of fields at medium grades or above. Soil exchangeable calcium and magnesium were in generally low levels. Soil available zinc, copper and boron were in partially low levels, accounting for 17.05%,46.25% and 34.17% of fields, respectively. Four factors were selected among the tested nutrients based on factor analysis method, and factor 1 and 2, including soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available potassium, pH,exchangeable calcium and magnesium, were the main factors influencing the overall soil nutrient status. The integrated fertility index of soil(IFI) ranged from -0.669 to 1.605 in Wanning, with a mean value of 0.104. And only 29.16% of fields were in medium soil fertility levels or above. While the IFI values were lower in Qionghai, ranging -0.767 ～1.113 with a mean value of -0.104, and only 17.50% of fields were in medium soil fertility levels or above. The overall soil nutrient status in pineapple orchards in Wanning was better than that in Qionghai.
引文
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[9]石伟琦,孙伟生,习金根,等.我国菠萝产业现状与发展对策,广东农业科学.2011,3,181-186.
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[11]陈明智,杨毅敏,蒙生儒,等.不同种植年限菠萝园土壤肥力衰退的研究.土壤与环境,2002,11(4):363~366.
[12]吴浩,习金根.海南省万宁市菠萝土壤养分状况比较研究.安徽农业科学,2012,40(34):16592,16646.
[13]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.中国农业出版社,2000:30-34,56-58,83-85,105-107,126-128,134-135,189-191.
[14]陈欢,曹承富,张存岭,等.基于主成分-聚类分析评价长期施肥对砂姜黑土肥力的影响.土壤学报,2014,51(3):610-617.
[15]殷冬梅,张幸果,王允,等.花生主要品质性状的主成分分析与综合评价.植物遗传资源学报,2011,12(4):507-512,518.
[16]赵华富,周国兰,刘晓霞,等.贵州茶区土壤养分状况综合评价.中国土壤与肥料,2012(3):30-34.
[17]戴余波,张丽萍,李国明,等.热带作物耕地土壤养分分析及肥力评价.现代农业科技,2017,18:155-157.
[18]殷红慧,张家征,徐天养,等.文山烟区主要植烟土壤养分综合评价与分析.云南农业大学学报,2014,29(6):888-895.
[19]江福英,吴志丹,尤志金,等.闽东地区茶园土壤养分肥力质量评价.福建农业学报,2012,27(4):379-384.
[20]陈明智.菠萝园土壤肥力退化的调查.土壤肥料,2002,(6):29-31.
[21]周伟,吕腾飞,杨志平.氮肥种类及运筹技术调控土壤氮素损失的研究进展.应用生态学报,2016,27(9):3051-3058.
[22]刘汝亮,王芳,王开军,等.控释氮肥侧条施用对东北地区水稻产量和氮肥损失的影响.水土保持学报,2018,32(2):252-256.
[23]王敬,程谊,蔡祖聪,等.长期施肥对农田土壤氮素关键转化过程的影响.土壤学报,2016,52(2):292-298.
[24]潘忠成,袁溪,李敏.降雨强度和坡度对土壤氮素流失的影响.水土保持学报,2016,30(1):9-13.
[25]刘新宇,巨晓棠,张丽娟.不同施氮水平对冬小麦季化肥氮去向及土壤氮素平衡的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):296-303.
[26]王笃超,吴景贵,李建明.不同有机物料对连作大豆土壤养分含量及生物性状的影响.水土保持学报,2017,31(3):258-270.
[27]王蕊,王百群,王昊,等.长期施用氮磷肥对塿土土钾素的影响.水土保持研究,2017,24(4):53-57.
[28]杨丽娟,李天来,付时丰,等.长期施肥对菜田土壤微量元素有效性的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(4):549-553.
[29]王亮,李双异,汪景宽.长期施肥与地膜覆盖对棕壤交换性钙、镁的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(5):1200-1206.
[30]卢明,剧虹伶,洪珊,等.台农17号菠萝裂柄调查及影响因素分析.中国南方果树,2017,46(2):119-123.
[31]戴照福,王继增,程炯.土壤磷素非点源污染及其对环境影响的研究.农业环境科学学报,2006,25:323-327.
[32]刘玉学,唐旭,杨生茂,等.生物炭对土壤磷素转化的影响及其机理研究进展.植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(6):1690-1695.
[33]李新乐,侯向阳,穆怀彬,等.连续6年施磷肥对土壤磷素积累、形态转化及有效性的影响.草业科学,2015,24(8):218-223.
[2]吕小娜,庞夙,李廷轩,等.四川省凉山州新植烟区土壤养分状况分析及综合评价.土壤通报,2013,44(3):691-697.
[3]于寒青,徐明岗,吕家珑,等.长期施肥下红壤地区土壤熟化肥力评价.应用生态学报,2010,21(7):1772-1778.
[4]宋勤飞,牛素贞,陈正武,等.基于主成分分析的花溪古茶树立地土壤养分评价.浙江农业学报,2017,29(11):1844-1853.
[5]吴玉红,田霄鸿,南雄雄,等.基于因子和聚类分析的保护性耕作土壤质量评价研究.中国生态农业学报,2010,18(2):223-228.
[6]吴玉红,田霄鸿,同延安,等.基于主成分分析的土壤肥力综合指数评价.生态学杂志,2010,29(1):173-180.
[7]FERNANDO V,JOS魪M D P,JOS魪L R.Principal component analysis of chemical properties of soil saturation extracts from an irrigated Mediterranean area:Implications for calcite equilibrium in soil solutions.Geoderma.2009,151:407-416.
[8]JI J C,FANG C L,YE F Z,et al.Evaluation of soil nutrients about typical economic forest lands of low hilly areas in eastern part of Zhejiang Province.Earth and Environmental Science,2017,61:1-6
[9]石伟琦,孙伟生,习金根,等.我国菠萝产业现状与发展对策,广东农业科学.2011,3,181-186.
[10]庞观胜,谭施北,吴浩,等.广东、广西和海南菠萝主产区土壤养分状况调查.广东农业科学.2013,18:40-42.
[11]陈明智,杨毅敏,蒙生儒,等.不同种植年限菠萝园土壤肥力衰退的研究.土壤与环境,2002,11(4):363~366.
[12]吴浩,习金根.海南省万宁市菠萝土壤养分状况比较研究.安徽农业科学,2012,40(34):16592,16646.
[13]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.中国农业出版社,2000:30-34,56-58,83-85,105-107,126-128,134-135,189-191.
[14]陈欢,曹承富,张存岭,等.基于主成分-聚类分析评价长期施肥对砂姜黑土肥力的影响.土壤学报,2014,51(3):610-617.
[15]殷冬梅,张幸果,王允,等.花生主要品质性状的主成分分析与综合评价.植物遗传资源学报,2011,12(4):507-512,518.
[16]赵华富,周国兰,刘晓霞,等.贵州茶区土壤养分状况综合评价.中国土壤与肥料,2012(3):30-34.
[17]戴余波,张丽萍,李国明,等.热带作物耕地土壤养分分析及肥力评价.现代农业科技,2017,18:155-157.
[18]殷红慧,张家征,徐天养,等.文山烟区主要植烟土壤养分综合评价与分析.云南农业大学学报,2014,29(6):888-895.
[19]江福英,吴志丹,尤志金,等.闽东地区茶园土壤养分肥力质量评价.福建农业学报,2012,27(4):379-384.
[20]陈明智.菠萝园土壤肥力退化的调查.土壤肥料,2002,(6):29-31.
[21]周伟,吕腾飞,杨志平.氮肥种类及运筹技术调控土壤氮素损失的研究进展.应用生态学报,2016,27(9):3051-3058.
[22]刘汝亮,王芳,王开军,等.控释氮肥侧条施用对东北地区水稻产量和氮肥损失的影响.水土保持学报,2018,32(2):252-256.
[23]王敬,程谊,蔡祖聪,等.长期施肥对农田土壤氮素关键转化过程的影响.土壤学报,2016,52(2):292-298.
[24]潘忠成,袁溪,李敏.降雨强度和坡度对土壤氮素流失的影响.水土保持学报,2016,30(1):9-13.
[25]刘新宇,巨晓棠,张丽娟.不同施氮水平对冬小麦季化肥氮去向及土壤氮素平衡的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):296-303.
[26]王笃超,吴景贵,李建明.不同有机物料对连作大豆土壤养分含量及生物性状的影响.水土保持学报,2017,31(3):258-270.
[27]王蕊,王百群,王昊,等.长期施用氮磷肥对塿土土钾素的影响.水土保持研究,2017,24(4):53-57.
[28]杨丽娟,李天来,付时丰,等.长期施肥对菜田土壤微量元素有效性的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(4):549-553.
[29]王亮,李双异,汪景宽.长期施肥与地膜覆盖对棕壤交换性钙、镁的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(5):1200-1206.
[30]卢明,剧虹伶,洪珊,等.台农17号菠萝裂柄调查及影响因素分析.中国南方果树,2017,46(2):119-123.
[31]戴照福,王继增,程炯.土壤磷素非点源污染及其对环境影响的研究.农业环境科学学报,2006,25:323-327.
[32]刘玉学,唐旭,杨生茂,等.生物炭对土壤磷素转化的影响及其机理研究进展.植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(6):1690-1695.
[33]李新乐,侯向阳,穆怀彬,等.连续6年施磷肥对土壤磷素积累、形态转化及有效性的影响.草业科学,2015,24(8):218-223.