栽插方式和密度对鲜食型甘薯品种干物质积累分配、块根产量及品质的影响
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摘要
为了确定鲁中丘陵薄地鲜食型甘薯适宜的栽插方式和密度,在大田条件下,以济薯26(J26)和龙薯9号(L9)为供试品种,每个品种设置直栽(S)和水平栽(H) 2种栽插方式,各栽插方式下设置不同栽插密度37 500(D1),52 500(D2),67 500株/hm~2(D3),研究了不同栽插方式和密度对鲜食型甘薯干物质积累分配、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,增加密度可提高两品种生长中后期植株干物质积累量,显著降低相同栽插方式下济薯26生长中期侧枝叶的干物质分配比例。相同栽插方式下,D2处理可降低龙薯9号生长后期侧枝茎干物质分配比例,并显著提高两品种生长中期的块根干物质分配比例。直栽方式下,D2和D3处理显著提高济薯26生长后期块根干物质分配比例。相同栽插方式下,D2和D3处理显著提高两品种块根可溶性糖含量和淀粉含量,D2处理可显著提高两品种块根产量。与直栽相比,水平栽显著提高济薯26生长前期D2处理和后期D2和D3处理下、龙薯9号生长中期相同密度下的植株干物质积累量;有利于提高济薯26 D1处理下、龙薯9号各密度下的块根可溶性糖含量,提高两品种单株薯重和块根产量。综合考虑产量和品质,水平栽+D2处理是本试验条件下的最优处理组合。
In order to determine suitable planting method and density for fresh edible sweet potato planting in barren hilly in the central region of Shandong Province,L9 and J26 were used as test varieties under field conditions. Each variety was planted vertically and horizontally,with planting densities of 37 500( D1),52 500( D2),and 67 500 plants/ha( D3). We studied the effects of different planting methods and densities on the dry matter accumulation,distribution,yield,and quality of fresh sweet potatoes. An increase in density increased the dry matter accumulation in the middle and late growth stages of the two varieties and significantly decreased the ratio of the dry matter distribution of the branch leaves of J26 planted vertically and horizontally. D2 treatment decreased the ratio of the dry matter distribution of the branch stems of L9 planted vertically and horizontally in the late growth stage and significantly increased the ratio of the dry matter distribution of the tuber roots of the two varieties planted vertically and horizontally in the middle growth stage. The D2 and D3 treatments significantly increased the ratio of thedry matter distribution of the tuberous roots of J26 planted vertically and horizontally in the late growth stage. For the two cultivars at the same transplanting method,D2 and D3 treatments significantly improved the soluble sugar content and starch content in tuberous roots and D2 treatment significantly increased the tuberous root yield of the two cultivars. Compared with vertical planting,horizontal planting significantly increased the dry matter accumulation in the early growth stage under D2 treatment and in late growth stage of J26 under D2 and D3 treatments and in the middle growth stage of L9 at the same density. Compared with vertical planting,horizontal planting increased the soluble sugar content of the tuberous roots of J26 under D1 treatment and that of L9 with different densities. Horizontal planting was also benificial for increasing tuberous root weight per plant and tuberous root yield of the two cultivars. With regard to yield and quality,horizontal planting + D2 treatment is the optimal combination under the test conditions.
In order to determine suitable planting method and density for fresh edible sweet potato planting in barren hilly in the central region of Shandong Province,L9 and J26 were used as test varieties under field conditions. Each variety was planted vertically and horizontally,with planting densities of 37 500( D1),52 500( D2),and 67 500 plants/ha( D3). We studied the effects of different planting methods and densities on the dry matter accumulation,distribution,yield,and quality of fresh sweet potatoes. An increase in density increased the dry matter accumulation in the middle and late growth stages of the two varieties and significantly decreased the ratio of the dry matter distribution of the branch leaves of J26 planted vertically and horizontally. D2 treatment decreased the ratio of the dry matter distribution of the branch stems of L9 planted vertically and horizontally in the late growth stage and significantly increased the ratio of the dry matter distribution of the tuber roots of the two varieties planted vertically and horizontally in the middle growth stage. The D2 and D3 treatments significantly increased the ratio of thedry matter distribution of the tuberous roots of J26 planted vertically and horizontally in the late growth stage. For the two cultivars at the same transplanting method,D2 and D3 treatments significantly improved the soluble sugar content and starch content in tuberous roots and D2 treatment significantly increased the tuberous root yield of the two cultivars. Compared with vertical planting,horizontal planting significantly increased the dry matter accumulation in the early growth stage under D2 treatment and in late growth stage of J26 under D2 and D3 treatments and in the middle growth stage of L9 at the same density. Compared with vertical planting,horizontal planting increased the soluble sugar content of the tuberous roots of J26 under D1 treatment and that of L9 with different densities. Horizontal planting was also benificial for increasing tuberous root weight per plant and tuberous root yield of the two cultivars. With regard to yield and quality,horizontal planting + D2 treatment is the optimal combination under the test conditions.
引文
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[11]何照范.粮油籽粒品质及其分析技术[M].北京:农业出版社,1985:144-150.
[12] Luo X L,Huang Q F. Relationships between leaf and stem soluble sugar content and tuberous root starch accumulation in Cassava[J]. Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2011,3:64-72.
[13]杨艳敏,臧士国,张建平,等.甘薯生长发育模拟模型的初步研究Ⅰ.光合作用和干物质生产与分配[J].河北农业大学学报,2001,24(1):8-12.
[14]张晓艳,刘锋,王风云,等.甘薯干物质分配及产量形成模拟研究[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(12):505-510.
[15]高璐阳,房增国.施氮对鲜食型甘薯干物质及养分积累与分配特性的影响[J].华北农学报,2015,30(4):206-212.
[16] Zhang H Y,Xie B T,Wang B Q,et al. Effects of planting density on yield and source-sink characteristics of sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam)[J]. Agricultural Science&Technology,2015,16(8):1628-1633,1642.
[17]苏明,黄洁,甘学德,等.不同株行距对甘薯生长和产量性状的影响[J].江西农业学报,2011,23(5):6-9.
[18]后猛,李强,唐忠厚,等.不同生态环境对甘薯主要品质性状的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(9):1180-1184.
[19] Sulaiman H,Sasaki O. Studies on effect of planting density on the growth and yield of sweet potato:Ipomoea batatas Lam.[J]. Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture Kagoshima University,2001,37:1-10.
[20]陈石品.脱毒甘薯不同种植密度对比试验[J].江西农业科技,2000(5):14-16.
[21]左明玉,周开芳,郑明强.不同栽植密度对脱毒红薯产量及经济效益的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2010,38(8):62-64.
[22] Yan H,Li Q,Zhang Y G,et al. Effects of genotype and planting density on agronomic traits and storage root of sweetpotato[J]. Agricultural Science&Technology,2017,18(2):238-243.
[2]世界粮农组织统计数据库,2017. http://www. fao. org/statistics/en/
[3]武小平,郭耀东,温日宇,等.不同栽插方式对脱毒甘薯产量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(1):35-36.
[4]滕艳.徐薯22插蔓特性对其生长发育及产量的影响[D].重庆:西南大学,2014.
[5]张学芝,姜成选,陈立涛,等.甘薯结薯部位深浅与产量的关系分析[J].作物杂志,2003(6):23-24.
[6]李仁崑,赵娇娜,张新,等.甘薯移栽方式与产量性状的关系[J].作物杂志,2015(5):164-166.
[7]王晖,李丽淑,何新民,等.不同栽插密度及施肥量对京薯6号产量的影响[J].南方农业学报,2013,44(10):1677-1680.
[8]吕树立,孙凤岭,周玉玲,等.不同栽植密度对商薯19农艺性状及产量的影响[J].山东农业科学,2011(8):53-54.
[9]黄天宝,袁九香,辜仁顺,等.江西红壤旱地不同栽插密度对赣薯2号的结薯性状及产量的影响[J].安徽农学通报,2013,19(17):32-34.
[10]孙美迪,段文学,张海燕,等.施氮对不同耐氮性甘薯品种干物质积累与分配及产量的影响[J].山东农业科学,2017,49(3):78-82.
[11]何照范.粮油籽粒品质及其分析技术[M].北京:农业出版社,1985:144-150.
[12] Luo X L,Huang Q F. Relationships between leaf and stem soluble sugar content and tuberous root starch accumulation in Cassava[J]. Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2011,3:64-72.
[13]杨艳敏,臧士国,张建平,等.甘薯生长发育模拟模型的初步研究Ⅰ.光合作用和干物质生产与分配[J].河北农业大学学报,2001,24(1):8-12.
[14]张晓艳,刘锋,王风云,等.甘薯干物质分配及产量形成模拟研究[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(12):505-510.
[15]高璐阳,房增国.施氮对鲜食型甘薯干物质及养分积累与分配特性的影响[J].华北农学报,2015,30(4):206-212.
[16] Zhang H Y,Xie B T,Wang B Q,et al. Effects of planting density on yield and source-sink characteristics of sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam)[J]. Agricultural Science&Technology,2015,16(8):1628-1633,1642.
[17]苏明,黄洁,甘学德,等.不同株行距对甘薯生长和产量性状的影响[J].江西农业学报,2011,23(5):6-9.
[18]后猛,李强,唐忠厚,等.不同生态环境对甘薯主要品质性状的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(9):1180-1184.
[19] Sulaiman H,Sasaki O. Studies on effect of planting density on the growth and yield of sweet potato:Ipomoea batatas Lam.[J]. Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture Kagoshima University,2001,37:1-10.
[20]陈石品.脱毒甘薯不同种植密度对比试验[J].江西农业科技,2000(5):14-16.
[21]左明玉,周开芳,郑明强.不同栽植密度对脱毒红薯产量及经济效益的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2010,38(8):62-64.
[22] Yan H,Li Q,Zhang Y G,et al. Effects of genotype and planting density on agronomic traits and storage root of sweetpotato[J]. Agricultural Science&Technology,2017,18(2):238-243.