微生物电解池强化残余油微生物气化速率
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摘要
残余油原位气化是一项针对废弃油藏的前瞻性技术,现阶段其主要问题是产气速率慢,无法满足大规模油田开发的需求。通过引入微生物电解池为微生物生长代谢提供能量,实现"微生物-电化学"联合作用,加快微生物气化过程中物质与能量供给,从而加快微生物的甲烷合成速率。首先,从油藏中富集驯化获得高产气速率的"互营代谢-产甲烷"菌群,高通量测序分析其菌群群落结构结果显示,Syntrophomonas、Syntrophus和Syntrophothermus等具有互营代谢特点的微生物成为细菌的优势种属;Methanoculleus、Methanobacillus和Methanobacterium等能够以H_2+CO_2和甲酸盐为底物合成甲烷的微生物成为古菌的优势种属。然后,产气分析表明,该菌群的甲烷合成速率达到了5.3×10~(-3)mL/(cm~3·d),在同样条件下,用外加0.15 V的微生物电解池强化该菌群的甲烷合成,甲烷合成速率提高了177.4%,达到了14.7×10~(-3) mL/(cm~3·d),法拉第效率由64.7%提高到123.2%。最后,研究了微生物电解池强化甲烷合成速率的影响因素。碳源、矿化度、电极材料和电势均能够影响甲烷的合成速率,其中电势能显著影响甲烷的合成速率。在外加1.5 V电势的条件下,该菌群的甲烷合成速率达到了33.16×10~(-3) mL/(cm~3·d),甲烷合成速率提高了526.4%。
Residual-oil in-situ gasification is a forward-looking technology aiming at abandoned reservoir.Slow gas-producing rate is the main problem at the present stage,unable to satisfy the demand for developing large-scale oilfields.In this study,microbial electrolytic cell was introduced to supply energy for microbial growth and metabolism,realized the "microorganism-electrochemistry"combination effect and accelerated the material and energy supply in the process of microbial gasification,so as to speed up the microbial methane synthesis rate.Firstly,the"syntrophic metabolism-methane production"microflora with high gas-producing rate was obtained by acclimating from oil reservoir,and the microflora community structure was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing.The results show that Syntrophomonas,Syntrophus,Syntrophothermus and other microbes with syntrophic metabolism characteristics become the dominant bacterial genera.Methanoculleus,Methanobacillus and Methanobacteriumcan use H_2+CO_2 and formate as the substrate to synthesize methane,and then become the dominant archaea genera.Moreover,the gas-producing analysis shows that this microflora methane synthesis rate reaches 5.3×10~(-3) mL/(cm~3·d),then under the same conditions,the microbial electrolytic cell additionally increased by 0.15 V is used to enhance the methane synthesis of such a microflora;the methane synthesis rate is improved to 14.7×10~(-3) mL/(cm~3·d)by 177.4%,and the Faradic efficiency is increased from64.7%to 123.2%.Finally,the influence factor for the microbial electrolytic cell enhancing methane synthesis rate was studied,and the methane synthesis rate can be impacted by carbon source,mineralization,electrode material and electric potential,of which electric potential can significantly affect the methane synthesis rate.Under the condition of adding 1.5 V electric potential,the methane synthesis rate of such a microflara can reach 33.16×10~(-3) mL/(cm~3·d),increased by 526.4%.
Residual-oil in-situ gasification is a forward-looking technology aiming at abandoned reservoir.Slow gas-producing rate is the main problem at the present stage,unable to satisfy the demand for developing large-scale oilfields.In this study,microbial electrolytic cell was introduced to supply energy for microbial growth and metabolism,realized the "microorganism-electrochemistry"combination effect and accelerated the material and energy supply in the process of microbial gasification,so as to speed up the microbial methane synthesis rate.Firstly,the"syntrophic metabolism-methane production"microflora with high gas-producing rate was obtained by acclimating from oil reservoir,and the microflora community structure was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing.The results show that Syntrophomonas,Syntrophus,Syntrophothermus and other microbes with syntrophic metabolism characteristics become the dominant bacterial genera.Methanoculleus,Methanobacillus and Methanobacteriumcan use H_2+CO_2 and formate as the substrate to synthesize methane,and then become the dominant archaea genera.Moreover,the gas-producing analysis shows that this microflora methane synthesis rate reaches 5.3×10~(-3) mL/(cm~3·d),then under the same conditions,the microbial electrolytic cell additionally increased by 0.15 V is used to enhance the methane synthesis of such a microflora;the methane synthesis rate is improved to 14.7×10~(-3) mL/(cm~3·d)by 177.4%,and the Faradic efficiency is increased from64.7%to 123.2%.Finally,the influence factor for the microbial electrolytic cell enhancing methane synthesis rate was studied,and the methane synthesis rate can be impacted by carbon source,mineralization,electrode material and electric potential,of which electric potential can significantly affect the methane synthesis rate.Under the condition of adding 1.5 V electric potential,the methane synthesis rate of such a microflara can reach 33.16×10~(-3) mL/(cm~3·d),increased by 526.4%.
引文
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[3]陈元千,唐玮.油气田剩余可采储量、剩余可采储采比和剩余可采程度的年度评价方法[J].石油学报,2016,37(6):796-801.CHEN Yuanqian,TANG Wei.Annual evaluation methods for remaining recoverable reserves,remaining recoverable reservesproduction ratio and remaining recoverable degree of oil and gas fields[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(6):796-801.
[4]汪卫东,王静,耿雪丽,等.储层残余油生物气化技术现状与展望[J].石油地质与工程,2012,26(1):78-81.WANG Weidong,WANG Jing,GENG Xueli,et al.Status and prospect of residual oil gasification technology in reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2012,26(1):78-81.
[5]罗莉涛,廖广志,刘卫东,等.Marangoni对流启动残余油微观机理[J].石油学报,2015,36(9):1127-1134.LUO Litao,LIAO Guangzhi,LIU Weidong,et al.Micromechanism of residual oil mobilization by Marangoni convection[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(9):1127-1134.
[6]黄海平,LARTER S.对残余油进行生物气化以延长油田开发寿命[J].石油实验地质,2010,32(5):496-503.HUANG Haiping,LARTER S.Microbial conversion of residual oil to methane extended period of petroleum production[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2010,32(5):496-503.
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[8]ZENGLER K,RICHNOW H H,ROSSELLO-MORA R,et al.Methane formation from long-chain alkanes by anaerobic microorganisms[J].Nature,1999,401(6750):266-269.
[9]GIEG L M,DUNCAN K E,SUFLITA J M.Bioenergy production via microbial conversion of residual oil to natural gas[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2008,74(10):3022-3029.
[10]DOLFING J,LARTER S R,HEAD I M.Thermodynamic constraints on methanogenic crude oil biodegradation[J].The ISME Journal,2008,2(4):442-452.
[11]ZHEN Guangyin,KOBAYASHI T,LU Xueqin,et al.Biomethane recovery from Egeria densa in a microbial electrolysis cell-assisted anaerobic system:performance and stability assessment[J].Chemosphere,2016,149:121-129.
[12]PISCIOTTA J M,ZAYBAK Z,CALL D F,et al.Enrichment of microbial electrolysis cell biocathodes from sediment microbial fuel cell bioanodes[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2012,78(15):5212-5219.
[13]ONSTOTT T C,HINTON S M,SILVER B J,et al.Coupling hydrocarbon degradation to anaerobic respiration and mineral diagenesis:theoretical constraints[J].Geobiology,2010,8(1):69-88.
[14]王万春,刘文汇,王国仓,等.沉积有机质微生物降解与生物气源岩识别——以柴达木盆地三湖坳陷第四系为例[J].石油学报,2016,37(3):318-327.WANG Wanchun,LIU Wenhui,WANG Guocang,et al.Biodegradation of depositional organic matter and identification of biogenic gas source rocks:an example from the Sanhu depression of Qaidam Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(3):318-327.
[15]齐义彬,曹美娜,黄立信,等.微生物与弱凝胶复合驱油配伍性[J].石油学报,2015,36(4):490-495.QI Yibin,CAO Meina,HUANG Lixin,et al.Compatibility of microbe-weak gel combinational flooding[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(4):490-495.
[16]CALL D,LOGAN B E.Hydrogen production in a single chamber microbial electrolysis cell lacking a membrane[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2008,42(9):3401-3406.
[17]LU Lu,XING Defeng,XIE Tianhui,et al.Hydrogen production from proteins via electrohydrogenesis in microbial electrolysis cells[J].Biosensors and Bioelectronics,2010,25(12):2690-2695.
[18]齐义彬,王大威,吴萌萌,等.胶质降解和生物乳化在稠油降黏中的作用[J].石油学报,2012,33(4):670-675.QI Yibin,WANG Dawei,WU Mengmeng,et al.Effects of resin degradation and biological emulsification on the viscosity break of heavy oils[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(4):670-675.
[19]宋智勇,郭辽原,袁书文,等.高温油藏内源微生物的堵调及种群分布[J].石油学报,2010,31(6):975-979.SONG Zhiyong,GUO Liaoyuan,YUAN Shuwen,et al.Microbial plugging and community distribution of indigenous thermophilic microbes in high-temperature oil reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(6):975-979.
[20]GAO Peike,LI Guoqiang,ZHAO Lingxia,et al.Dynamic processes of indigenous microorganisms from a low-temperature petroleum reservoir during nutrient stimulation[J].Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2014,117(2):215-221.
[21]齐义彬,曹美娜,黄立信,等.嗜热解烃菌的组合降黏降解机理[J].科学技术与工程,2014,14(24):18-22.QI Yibin,CAO Meina,HUANG Lixin,et al.Mechanism of crude oil viscosity reduction and degradation by thermophilic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria Combination[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2014,14(24):18-22.
[22]华蔚颖,徐昭,张梦晖,等.CVTree在454高通量测序分析菌群结构中的应用[J].中国微生态学杂志,2010,22(4):312-316.HUA Weiying,XU Zhao,ZHANG Menghui,et al.The application of CVTree in structural analysis of microbial communities by 454 pyrosequencing[J].Chinese Journal of Microecology,2010,22(4):312-316.
[23]李彩风,李阳,曹嫣镔,等.油藏环境产脂肽类表面活性剂微生物的分布[J].石油学报,2015,36(9):1122-1126.LI Caifeng,LI Yang,CAO Yanbin,et al.Distribution of the lipopeptide biosurfactant-producing microbes in oil reservoir environment[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(9):1122-1126.
[24]夏围围,贾仲君.高通量测序和DGGE分析土壤微生物群落的技术评价[J].微生物学报,2014,54(12):1489-1499.XIA Weiwei,JIA Zhongjun.Comparative analysis of soil microbial communities by pyrosequencing and DGGE[J].Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2014,54(12):1489-1499.
[25]NICHOLS E M,GALLAGHER J J,LIU Chong,et al.Hybrid bioinorganic approach to solar-to-chemical conversion[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2015,112(37):11461-11466.
[26]丁晨,承磊,何乔,等.互营烃降解菌系M82的脂肪酸降解特性[J].微生物学报,2014,54(11):1369-1377.DING Chen,CHENG Lei,HE Qiao,et al.Degradation of fatty acid by syntrophic hydrocarbondegrading consortium M82[J].Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2014,54(11):1369-1377.
[27]夏遵义,白志强.利用产甲烷菌进行CO2地质固定在中国生物气田的应用初探[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(6):72-74.XIA Zunyi,BAI Zhiqiang.Discussion on a CO2geological sequestration by methanogens in the biogenic gas field in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2004,31(6):72-74.
[28]QI Yibin,WANG Chenyu,LChengyuan,et al.Removal capacities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)by a newly isolated strain from oilfield produced water[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2017,14(2):215-227.
[29]徐源,王利勇,蒋阳月,等.微生物电解池处理PTA废水及同步产氢的研究[J].太阳能学报,2014,35(4):716-720.XU Yuan,WANG Liyong,JIANG Yangyue,et al.Simultaneous treatment of PTA wastewater and production of hydrogen using microbial electrolysis cell[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2014,35(4):716-720.
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