埋藏(机械)压实—侧向挤压地质过程下深层储层孔隙演化与预测模型
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摘要
早期长期浅埋、后期快速深埋以及晚期强烈的侧向挤压作用是西部前陆盆地共性地质演化过程,受此地质演化过程影响,明确深层储层孔隙、孔径、喉径等参数的演化特征并进行定量评价,对油气勘探具有重要意义。开展成岩物理模拟实验,并与实际地质分析相结合,定量评价与预测了库车坳陷克拉苏构造带白垩系深层储层的孔隙类型与演化特征。研究结果认为,研究区深层储层的孔隙类型、含量变化及演化规律可划分为4个阶段,其中第3个演化阶段即深层储层快速埋藏后的早期阶段是孔隙度和渗透率提高的重要阶段,是此类地质过程下深层有利储层形成的关键时期。构造侧向挤压与成岩压碎破裂造缝、次生溶蚀两种改造机制,改善了深层储层的储集性、提高了渗透性,进而建立了深层储层孔隙预测模型。定量揭示出库车坳陷克拉苏构造带在埋深7 000~8 000 m甚至更深层段,储层孔径、喉径增大并保持,仍发育有效储层。
Early shallow burial for a long time,the late quickly buried deep and lateral extrusion in western foreland basin are common geological evolution process in China. Affected by such geological evolution process,a high-quality reservoir can be formed in deep horizon. Clearing this kind of reservoir parameters such as porosity,pore diameter and throat diameter of evolution characteristics and quantitative evaluation,it has great significance for oil and gas exploration. Based on analysis of diagenetic physical modeling experiment,combined with the actual geological research,the evolution of deep-reservoir porosity in a foreland basin can be divided into four stages: 1) long-term,shallow burial;2) a transition from shallow burial to rapid,deep burial; 3) early,rapid,deep burial; and 4) late,rapid,deep burial. Of these,the third stage is crucial to the improvement of deep-reservoir porosity and permeability,and thus to the formation of favorable reservoirs. The two kinds of transformation mechanism are tectonic lateral extrusion and particles broken crack. Deep reservoir porosity prediction model has been established. Reservoir pores and pore throats show a significant increase at a burial depth of 7 000-8 000 m.
Early shallow burial for a long time,the late quickly buried deep and lateral extrusion in western foreland basin are common geological evolution process in China. Affected by such geological evolution process,a high-quality reservoir can be formed in deep horizon. Clearing this kind of reservoir parameters such as porosity,pore diameter and throat diameter of evolution characteristics and quantitative evaluation,it has great significance for oil and gas exploration. Based on analysis of diagenetic physical modeling experiment,combined with the actual geological research,the evolution of deep-reservoir porosity in a foreland basin can be divided into four stages: 1) long-term,shallow burial;2) a transition from shallow burial to rapid,deep burial; 3) early,rapid,deep burial; and 4) late,rapid,deep burial. Of these,the third stage is crucial to the improvement of deep-reservoir porosity and permeability,and thus to the formation of favorable reservoirs. The two kinds of transformation mechanism are tectonic lateral extrusion and particles broken crack. Deep reservoir porosity prediction model has been established. Reservoir pores and pore throats show a significant increase at a burial depth of 7 000-8 000 m.
引文
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[2]何光玉,卢华复,杨树锋,等.库车中新生代盆地沉降特征[J].浙江大学学报:理学版,2004,31(1):110-113.[He Guangyu,Lu Huafu,Yang Shufeng,et al.Subsiding features of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Kuqa Basin,northwestern China[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Science Edition,2004,31(1):110-113.]
[3]阎福礼,卢华复,贾东,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷中、新生代沉降特征探讨[J].南京大学学报(自然科学),2003,39(1):31-39.[Yan Fuli,Lu Huafu,Jia Dong,et al.The Meso-Cenozoic subsidence features of Kuqa depression,Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Sciences),2003,39(1):31-39.]
[4]王招明.塔里木盆地库车坳陷克拉苏盐下深层大气田形成机制与富集规律[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(2):153-166.[Wang Zhaoming.Formation mechanism and enrichment regularities of Kelasu subsalt deep large gas field in Kuqa depression,Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(2):153-166.]
[5]张荣虎,刘春,杨海军,等.库车坳陷白垩系超深层储集层特征与勘探潜力[J].新疆石油地质,2016,37(4):423-429.[Zhang Ronghu,Liu Chun,Yang Haijun,et al.Characteristics and exploration potential of ultra-deep Cretaceous reservoir in Kuqa depression,Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2016,37(4):423-429.]
[6]王招明.试论库车前陆冲断带构造顶蓬效应[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(4):671-677.[Wang Zhaoming.Discussion of ceiling effect in foreland thrust belt of Kuqa depression[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(4):671-677.]
[7]张荣虎,杨海军,王俊鹏,等.库车坳陷超深层低孔致密砂岩储层形成机制与油气勘探意义[J].石油学报,2014,35(6):1057-1069.[Zhang Ronghu,Yang Haijun,Wang Junpeng,et al.The formation mechanism and exploration significance of ultra-deep,lowporosity and tight sandstone reservoir in Kuqa depression,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(6):1057-1069.]
[8]刘春,张惠良,韩波,等.库车坳陷大北地区深部碎屑岩储层特征及控制因素[J].天然气地球科学.2009,20(4):504-512.[Liu Chun,Zhang Huiliang,Hai Bo,et al.Reservoir characteristics and control factors of deep-burial clastic rocks in Dabei zone of Kuche sag[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(4):504-512.]
[9]张荣虎,张惠良,寿建峰,等.库车坳陷大北地区下白垩统巴什基奇克组储层成因地质分析[J].地质科学,2008,43(3):507-517.[Zhang Ronghu,Zhang Huiliang,Shou Jianfeng,et al.Geological analysis on reservoir mechanism of the lower Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in Dabei area of the Kuqa depression[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2008,43(3):507-517.]
[10]高志勇,崔京钢,冯佳睿,等.埋藏压实作用对前陆盆地深部储层的作用过程与改造机制[J].石油学报,2013,34(5):867-876.[Gao Zhiyong,Cui Jinggang,Feng Jiarui,et al.An effect of burial compaction on deep reservoirs of foreland basins and its reworking mechanism[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(5):867-876.]
[11]韩登林,赵睿哲,李忠,等.不同动力学机制共同制约下的储层压实效应特征:以塔里木盆地库车坳陷白垩系储层研究为例[J].地质科学,2015,50(1):241-248.[Han Denglin,Zhao Ruizhe,Li Zhong,et al.The characteristic of diagenetic compaction induced by multiform geodynamic mechanisms in reservoir:An example from Cretaceous sandstone reservoir in Kuqa depression,Tarim Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2015,50(1):241-248.]
[12]高志勇,崔京钢,冯佳睿,等.埋藏压实—侧向挤压过程对库车坳陷深层储层物理性质的改造机理[J].现代地质,2017,31(2):302-314.[Gao Zhiyong,Cui Jinggang,Feng Jiarui,et al.Modification mechanism of physical properties of deeply buried sandstone reservoir due to the burial compaction and lateral extrusion in Kuqa depression[J].Geoscience,2017,31(2):302-314.]
[13]高志勇,冯佳睿,崔京钢,等.深层储集层长石溶蚀增孔的物理模拟与定量计算[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(3):359-369.[Gao Zhiyong,Feng Jiarui,Cui Jinggang,et al.Physical simulation and quantitative calculation of increased feldspar dissolution pores in deep reservoirs[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(3):359-369.]
[14]高志勇,朱如凯,冯佳睿,等.中国前陆盆地构造—沉积充填响应与深层储层特征[M].北京:地质出版社,2016:1-257.[Gao Zhiyong,Zhu Rukai,Feng Jiarui,et al.The response of depsition within tectonic sequence and characteristics of deep reservoir of foreland basin in China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2016:1-257.]
[15]王良书,李成,刘绍文,等.塔里木盆地北缘库车前陆盆地地温梯度分布特征[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(3):403-407.[Wang Liangshu,Li Cheng,Liu Shaowen,et al.Geotemperature gradient distribution of Kuqa foreland basin,north of Tarim,China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46(3):403-407.]
[16]刘震,邵新军,金博,等.压实过程中埋深和时间对碎屑岩孔隙度演化的共同影响[J].现代地质,2007,21(1):125-132.[Liu Zheng,Shao Xinjun,Jin Bo,et al.Co-effect of depth and burial time on the evolution of porosity for classic rocks during the stage of compaction[J].Geoscience,2007,21(1):125-132.]
[17]Sweeney J J,Burnham A K.Evaluation of a simple model of vitrinite reflectance based on chemical kinetics[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74(10):1559-1570.
[18]Houseknecht D W.Assessing the relative importance of compaction processes and cementation to reduction of porosity in sandstones[J].AAPG Bulletin,1987,71(6):633-642.
[19]王欣,薛林福,遇运良,等.压实法石英砂岩成岩相识别及其应用[J].测井技术,2012,36(4):387-391.[Wang Xin,Xue Linfu,Yu Yunliang,et al.Recognition of quartz sandstone diagenetic facies with compaction method[J].Well Logging Technology,2012,36(4):387-391.]
[20]袁静,杨学君,袁凌荣,等.库车坳陷DB气田白垩系砂岩胶结作用及其与构造裂缝关系[J].沉积学报,2015,33(4):754-763.[Yuan Jing,Yang Xuejun,Yuan Lingrong,et al.Cementation and its relationship with tectonic fractures of Cretaceous sandstones in DB gas field of Kuqa sub-basin[J].Acta Sedimentolgica Sinica,2015,33(4):754-763.]
[21]徐士林,吕修祥,杨明慧,等.库车坳陷膏盐岩对异常高压保存的控制作用[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,19(4):5-8.[Xu Shilin,LüXiuxiang,Yang Minghui,et al.Controlling effect of gypsum and salt rocks on abnormally high pressure in Kuche depression[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2004,19(4):5-8.]
[22]李军,张超谟,李进福,等.库车前陆盆地构造压实作用及其对储集层的影响[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(1):47-51.[Li Jun,Zhang Chaomo,Li Jinfu,et al.Tectonic compaction and its influence on reservoirs in the Kuqa foreland basin,Tarim[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(1):47-51.]
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