化学除草剂对保护性耕作燕麦田杂草的防除效果
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摘要
为探究内蒙古保护性耕作燕麦田间杂草的发生规律,控制杂草生长过盛,增加燕麦产量,调查了呼和浩特市武川县上秃亥乡燕麦田间杂草种类并考察各类化学除草剂对其防除效果。结果表明:保护性耕作燕麦田分布的杂草种类分属6科13种,主要危害杂草为藜、猪毛菜和狗尾草,发生时间集中于5月中旬—6月中上旬。试验所选2,4-D丁酯、苯磺隆、草甘膦、二甲四氯、辛酰溴苯腈5种除草剂对保护性耕作燕麦田杂草均有防效,单一防除效果依次为:2,4-D丁酯>10%苯磺隆>75%苯磺隆>草甘膦>二甲四氯>辛酰溴苯腈。综合防除效果以收获后900 ml·hm~(-2)草甘膦+苗期300 g·hm~(-2)二甲四氯+300 ml·hm~(-2)2,4-D丁酯处理最好,株防效和鲜重防效均在96.4%左右,且鲜重防效效果显著,燕麦增产幅度超100%,每公顷纯收益最高,为6 618.0元,在农业生产中优先推荐。
In order to explore the law of weed occurrence,to control the growth of weeds and to increase the oat yields in oat field under conservation tillage in Inner Mongolia,this study mainly investigated the species of weeds in the oat fields of Shangbaihai Township,Wuchuan County,Hohhot City,and the various effects of chemical herbicides' prevention and cure of weeds. The results show: there were weeds from 13 species of 6 families in oat field under conservational tillage. Quinoa,salsola and bristlegrass were the three major weeds,which occurred mainly in mid May to early June. 5 herbicide of 2,4-D butyl ester,tribenuron-methyl,glyphosate,chipton,bromoxynil,octanoate all had control effect on wees in the conservation-tillage oat field.The weed control effect of single herbicide in descending order was 2,4-D butyl ester > 10% tribenuron-methyl > 75% tribenuron-methyl >glyphosate > chipton > bromoxynil octanoate. In addition,the combined effects of 300 ml·hm~(-2)2 2,4-D butyl ester +300 g·hm~(-2) chipton in seedling stage,and 900 ml·hm~(-2) glyphosate after harvest was best. The control effect for single plant and for plant fresh weight were both around 96.4%,with control effect for plant fresh weight being significant. The increasing of oat yield was more than 100%,the highest net economic income reached 6 618.0 RMB·hm2,which is recommended as a priority in agricultural production.
In order to explore the law of weed occurrence,to control the growth of weeds and to increase the oat yields in oat field under conservation tillage in Inner Mongolia,this study mainly investigated the species of weeds in the oat fields of Shangbaihai Township,Wuchuan County,Hohhot City,and the various effects of chemical herbicides' prevention and cure of weeds. The results show: there were weeds from 13 species of 6 families in oat field under conservational tillage. Quinoa,salsola and bristlegrass were the three major weeds,which occurred mainly in mid May to early June. 5 herbicide of 2,4-D butyl ester,tribenuron-methyl,glyphosate,chipton,bromoxynil,octanoate all had control effect on wees in the conservation-tillage oat field.The weed control effect of single herbicide in descending order was 2,4-D butyl ester > 10% tribenuron-methyl > 75% tribenuron-methyl >glyphosate > chipton > bromoxynil octanoate. In addition,the combined effects of 300 ml·hm~(-2)2 2,4-D butyl ester +300 g·hm~(-2) chipton in seedling stage,and 900 ml·hm~(-2) glyphosate after harvest was best. The control effect for single plant and for plant fresh weight were both around 96.4%,with control effect for plant fresh weight being significant. The increasing of oat yield was more than 100%,the highest net economic income reached 6 618.0 RMB·hm2,which is recommended as a priority in agricultural production.
引文
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[3]程勤海.直播田千金子大发生原因及综防技术探讨[C]//第二十三届植保“双交会”论文集——植物保护与农产品质量安全.北京:中国农业出版社,2007:251-253.
[4]程勤海,姚士桐,陆志杰,等.天一直播净防除免耕直播田杂草效果及安全性[J].杂草科学,2007,(2):43-45.
[5]张玉聚.除草剂应用与销售技术服务指南[M].北京:金盾出版社,2004:353-366.
[6]路战远,张德健,李淑芳,等.农牧交错区保护性耕作玉米田杂草发生规律及防除技术[J].河南农业科学,2007,(12):66-68.
[7]范希铨.农牧交错区保护性耕作油菜田间杂草发生规律及防除技术研究[J].农村牧区机械化,2009,(6):10-12.
[8]张德健,路战远,程国燕等.农牧交错区保护性耕作小麦田间杂草发生规律及控制技术[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(4):1479-1481.
[9]李扬汉.中国杂草志[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[10]盖钧镒.试验统计方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社.2000.
[11]宁建荣.免耕玉米田化学除草新技术开发与应用[J].中国植保导刊,2004,(6):23-24.
[12]李美,赵德友,孙作文等.常用除草剂对玉米的安全性评价[J].植保技术与推广,2003,23(4):3-6.
[13]强胜,魏守辉,胡金良.江苏省棉区棉田杂草草害发生规律的研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2000,23(2):18-22.
[14]柴继宽,赵桂琴,师尚礼.7个燕麦品种在甘肃二阴区的适应性评价[J].草原与草坪,2011,31(2):1-6.
[15]袁卉馥,牛瑞明.75%苯磺隆WG在莜麦田间除草效果[J].农药,2009,48(3):218-220.
[16]杨书成,韩美善,韩启亮,等.莜麦田间杂草调查及除草剂筛选[J].园艺与种苗,2011,(2):49-51.
[17]王林,刘景辉,李立军,等.除草剂在农牧交错区保护耕作燕麦田间应用效果的研究[J].作物杂志,2009,(4):76-79.
[18]刘欢,慕平,许维诚,姬承东,等.10种除草剂对裸燕麦田杂草的药效、燕麦产量及安全性影响[J].草原与草坪,2015,35(2):1-8.
[19]崔荟萍,赵桂琴,刘欢.3种除草剂对燕麦田杂草的防除效果研究[J].草原与草坪,2013,33(1):45-49.
[20]琚泽亮.燕麦中2,4-D丁酯的残留动态及其对燕麦光合生理、安全性和产量的影响研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2016.
[2]吕荣亮,郭长义,张德健.关于保护性耕作农田杂草控制技术的研究进展及几点认识[J].内蒙古农业科技,2008,(6):83-84.
[3]程勤海.直播田千金子大发生原因及综防技术探讨[C]//第二十三届植保“双交会”论文集——植物保护与农产品质量安全.北京:中国农业出版社,2007:251-253.
[4]程勤海,姚士桐,陆志杰,等.天一直播净防除免耕直播田杂草效果及安全性[J].杂草科学,2007,(2):43-45.
[5]张玉聚.除草剂应用与销售技术服务指南[M].北京:金盾出版社,2004:353-366.
[6]路战远,张德健,李淑芳,等.农牧交错区保护性耕作玉米田杂草发生规律及防除技术[J].河南农业科学,2007,(12):66-68.
[7]范希铨.农牧交错区保护性耕作油菜田间杂草发生规律及防除技术研究[J].农村牧区机械化,2009,(6):10-12.
[8]张德健,路战远,程国燕等.农牧交错区保护性耕作小麦田间杂草发生规律及控制技术[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(4):1479-1481.
[9]李扬汉.中国杂草志[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[10]盖钧镒.试验统计方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社.2000.
[11]宁建荣.免耕玉米田化学除草新技术开发与应用[J].中国植保导刊,2004,(6):23-24.
[12]李美,赵德友,孙作文等.常用除草剂对玉米的安全性评价[J].植保技术与推广,2003,23(4):3-6.
[13]强胜,魏守辉,胡金良.江苏省棉区棉田杂草草害发生规律的研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2000,23(2):18-22.
[14]柴继宽,赵桂琴,师尚礼.7个燕麦品种在甘肃二阴区的适应性评价[J].草原与草坪,2011,31(2):1-6.
[15]袁卉馥,牛瑞明.75%苯磺隆WG在莜麦田间除草效果[J].农药,2009,48(3):218-220.
[16]杨书成,韩美善,韩启亮,等.莜麦田间杂草调查及除草剂筛选[J].园艺与种苗,2011,(2):49-51.
[17]王林,刘景辉,李立军,等.除草剂在农牧交错区保护耕作燕麦田间应用效果的研究[J].作物杂志,2009,(4):76-79.
[18]刘欢,慕平,许维诚,姬承东,等.10种除草剂对裸燕麦田杂草的药效、燕麦产量及安全性影响[J].草原与草坪,2015,35(2):1-8.
[19]崔荟萍,赵桂琴,刘欢.3种除草剂对燕麦田杂草的防除效果研究[J].草原与草坪,2013,33(1):45-49.
[20]琚泽亮.燕麦中2,4-D丁酯的残留动态及其对燕麦光合生理、安全性和产量的影响研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2016.