高比转速斜流泵内部压力脉动特性的实验研究
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摘要
为了研究不同工况下高比转速斜流泵内部压力脉动特性和规律,选取某高比转速斜流泵模型为研究对象,在斜流泵叶轮进口段至导叶出口段设置7个压力脉动监测点,采用微型压力脉动传感器采集不同工况下的压力脉动时域信号,并进行频域特性分析。实验结果表明,不同流量工况下,叶轮进口到导叶出口的压力脉动幅值依次降低,同时压力脉动所呈现出的周期性相似波动规律也依次减弱。叶轮进口压力脉动周期性相似波动规律较好,压力脉动幅值也最大,而叶轮出口受叶轮进口流动分离形成的低频大尺度漩涡及叶顶泄漏涡的影响,在小流量工况下的压力脉动周期性相似波动规律相对减弱。导叶进口只有在额定工况1.0Q_(opt)下压力脉动才有动静相干周期性相似波动规律,而导叶出口处的压力脉动幅值最小且在受到导叶数及其发生失速可能产生的低频大尺度漩涡和叶轮出口回流等漩涡的影响,在小流量工况下呈现较弱的周期性相似波动规律。此外,不同工况下叶轮进出口及导叶进口的压力脉动主频都是叶片通过频率,同时叶轮进出口还存在叶片通过频率的高阶谐波,但在导叶出口处的压力脉动主频随流量的变化而变化。
In order to study inner pressure fluctuation features of an oblique flow pump with high ratio rotating speed, a certain oblique flow pump wad taken as the study object, 7 pressure fluctuation observation points were set from the pump's impeller inlet to guide blade outlet, and micro pressure fluctuation sensors were used to collect pressure fluctuation time domain signals under different working conditions, and the frequency domain features analysis were performed for these collected signals. Test results showed that under conditions of different flow rates, amplitude values of pressure fluctuation from impeller inlet to guide blade outlet decrease in turn, meanwhile periodic similar oscillation laws of pressure fluctuation over there also weaken in turn; periodic similar oscillation law of pressure fluctuation at impeller inlet is better and pressure fluctuation amplitude at impeller inlet is the maximum, while impeller outlet is affected by blade tip leakage vortex and low frequency and large-scale vortices formed due to flow separation at impeller inlet, periodic similar oscillation law of pressure fluctuation at impeller outlet weakens under small flow rates; pressure fluctuation at guide blade inlet has a periodic similar oscillation law only under the rated condition of 1.0Q_(opt); pressure fluctuation amplitude at guide blade outlet is the minimum and affected by guide blade number and low frequency and large-scale vortices generated due to guide blade stall and reflux vortices at impeller outlet, pressure fluctuation at guide blade outlet has a weaker periodic similar oscillation law under small flow rates; main frequencies of pressure fluctuation at impeller inlet, its outlet and guide blade inlet are blade passing frequencies, and there are higher order harmonics of blade passing frequencies at impeller inlet and outlet, but main frequencies of pressure fluctuation at guide blade outlet vary with variation of flow rates.
In order to study inner pressure fluctuation features of an oblique flow pump with high ratio rotating speed, a certain oblique flow pump wad taken as the study object, 7 pressure fluctuation observation points were set from the pump's impeller inlet to guide blade outlet, and micro pressure fluctuation sensors were used to collect pressure fluctuation time domain signals under different working conditions, and the frequency domain features analysis were performed for these collected signals. Test results showed that under conditions of different flow rates, amplitude values of pressure fluctuation from impeller inlet to guide blade outlet decrease in turn, meanwhile periodic similar oscillation laws of pressure fluctuation over there also weaken in turn; periodic similar oscillation law of pressure fluctuation at impeller inlet is better and pressure fluctuation amplitude at impeller inlet is the maximum, while impeller outlet is affected by blade tip leakage vortex and low frequency and large-scale vortices formed due to flow separation at impeller inlet, periodic similar oscillation law of pressure fluctuation at impeller outlet weakens under small flow rates; pressure fluctuation at guide blade inlet has a periodic similar oscillation law only under the rated condition of 1.0Q_(opt); pressure fluctuation amplitude at guide blade outlet is the minimum and affected by guide blade number and low frequency and large-scale vortices generated due to guide blade stall and reflux vortices at impeller outlet, pressure fluctuation at guide blade outlet has a weaker periodic similar oscillation law under small flow rates; main frequencies of pressure fluctuation at impeller inlet, its outlet and guide blade inlet are blade passing frequencies, and there are higher order harmonics of blade passing frequencies at impeller inlet and outlet, but main frequencies of pressure fluctuation at guide blade outlet vary with variation of flow rates.
引文
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[19] 施卫东,张光建,张德胜,等.入口非均匀流对轴流泵性能和压力脉动的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2014(4):277-282.SHI Weidong,ZHANG Guangjian,ZHANG Desheng,et al.Effects of non-uniform suction flow on performance and pressure fluctuation in axial-flow pumps[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2014(4):277-282.
[20] 姚捷,施卫东,吴苏青,等.轴流泵压力脉动数值计算与试验[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(增刊1):119-124.YAO Jie,SHI Weidong,WU Suqing,et al.Numerical calculation and experiment on pressure fluctuation in axial flow pump[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(Sup1):119-124.
[2] ACOSTA A J,BRENNEN C E,CAUGHEY T K,et al.Rotor-stator interaction in a diffuser pump[J].Nature Genetics,1997,17(1):58-64.
[3] 靳栓宝,王永生,常书平,等.混流泵内流场压力脉动特性研究[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(3):64-68.JIN Shuanbao,WANG Yongsheng,CHANG Shuping,et al.Pressure fluctuation of interior flow in mixed-flow pump[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(3):64-68.
[4] 黎义斌,李仁年,王秀勇,等.低比转数混流泵压力脉动特性的数值模拟[J].排灌机械工程学报,2013,31(3):205-209.LI Yibin,LI Rennian,WANG Xiuyong,et al.Numerical analysis of pressure fluctuation in low specific spreed mixed-flow pump[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2013,31(3):205-209.
[5] MIYABE M,MAEDA H,UMEKI I,et al.Unstable head-flow characteristic generation mechanism of a low specific speed mixed flow pump[J].Journal of Thermal Science,2006,15(2):115-120.
[6] MIYABE M,FURUKAWA A,MAEDA H,et al.A behavior of the diffuser rotating stall in a low specific speed mixed-flow pump[J].Turbomachinery,2009,35(1):113-121.
[7] 张德胜,王海宇,施卫东,等.轴流泵多工况压力脉动特性试验[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(11):139-145.ZHANG Desheng,WANG Haiyu,SHI Weidong,et al.Experimental investigation of pressure fluctuation with multiple flow ratesin scaled axial flow pump[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(11):139-145.
[8] 黎义斌,胡鹏林,李仁年,等.不同叶顶间隙对斜流泵性能影响的数值分析[J].农业工程学报,2014(23):86-93.LI Yibin,HU Penglin,LI Rennian,et al.Numerical analysis for effects of different blade tip clearance on performance in mixed-flow pump[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2014(23):86-93.
[9] 潘中永,李俊杰,李晓俊,等.斜流泵不稳定特性及旋转失速研究[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(5):64-68.PAN Zhongyong,LI Junjie,LI Xiaojun,et al.Performance curve instability and rotating stall[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(5):64-68.
[10] 朱荣生,龙云,付强,等.核主泵小流量工况压力脉动特性[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(17):143-149.ZHU Rongsheng,LONG Yun,FU Qiang,et al.Pressure pulsation of a reactor coolant pump under low flow station[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2014,33(17):143-149.
[11] 周佩剑,王福军,姚志峰.离心泵叶轮旋转失速团特性分析[J].水利学报,2015,46(9):1128-1134.ZHOU Peijian,WANG Fujun,YAO Zhifeng,et al.Analysis of rotation stall cells in an impeller of a centrifugal pump[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2015,46(9):1128-1134.
[12] 施卫东,邹萍萍,张德胜,等.高比转速斜流泵内部非定常压力脉动特性[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(4):147-152.SHI Weidong,ZOU Pingping,ZHANG Desheng,et al.Unsteady of fluctuation of high-specific-speed mixed-flow pump[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(4):147-152.
[13] 季磊磊,李伟,施卫东,等.叶片数对混流泵内部非定常压力脉动特性的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2017,35(8):666-673.JI Leilei,LI Wei,SHI Weidong,et al.Influence of different blade numbers on unsteady pressure pulsations of internal flow field in mixed-flow pump[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2017,35(8):666-673.
[14] 顾延东,袁寿其,裴吉,等.导叶安装位置对混流泵压力脉动特性的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2017,35(2):93-99.GU Yandong,YUAN Shouqi,PEI Ji,et al.Effects of diffuser installation position on pressure fluctuation in the mixed flow pump[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2017,35(2):93-99.
[15] 王福军,张玲,张志民.轴流泵不稳定流场的压力脉动特性研究[J].水利学报,2007,38(8):1003-1009.WANG Fujun,ZHANG Ling,ZHANG Zhimin.Analysis on pressure fluctuation of unsteady flow in axial-flow pump[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(8):1003-1009.
[16] ZHANG D S,SHI W D,CHEN B,et al.Unsteady flow analysis and experimental investigation of axial-flow pump[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2010,22(1):35-43.
[17] 谈明高,丁荣,刘厚林,等.双流道污水泵内非定常压力脉动特性研究[J].振动与冲击,2016,35(14):155-162.TAN Minggao,DING Rong,LIU Houlin,et al.Unsteady characteristics of pressure pulsation in a double channel sewage pump[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2016,35(14):155-162.
[18] 王春林,易同祥,吴志旺,等.混流式核主泵非定常流场的压力脉动特性分析[J].动力工程学报,2009,29(11):1036-1040.WANG Chunlin,YI Tongxiang,WU Zhiwang,et al.Analysis on pressure fluctuations of unsteady flow field in mixed-flow main coolant pump[J].Journal of Power Engineering,2009,29(11):1036-1040.
[19] 施卫东,张光建,张德胜,等.入口非均匀流对轴流泵性能和压力脉动的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2014(4):277-282.SHI Weidong,ZHANG Guangjian,ZHANG Desheng,et al.Effects of non-uniform suction flow on performance and pressure fluctuation in axial-flow pumps[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2014(4):277-282.
[20] 姚捷,施卫东,吴苏青,等.轴流泵压力脉动数值计算与试验[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(增刊1):119-124.YAO Jie,SHI Weidong,WU Suqing,et al.Numerical calculation and experiment on pressure fluctuation in axial flow pump[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(Sup1):119-124.