奇点光束复用光通信(特邀)
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摘要
奇点光束包括基于相位奇点的轨道角动量(OAM)光束和基于偏振奇点的柱矢量光束(CVB)。OAM光束和CVB都具有正交性,可以作为空分复用的模式应用于光通信中,为光束复用提供一个新的自由度,大幅度地提高光通信系统的容量,在光通信中具有广泛的应用前景。文章首先介绍了OAM光束和CVB的数学描述和物理特性,然后重点综述了其产生和检测方法以及在自由空间光通信和光纤通信中的研究进展,比较了OAM光束和CVB在光通信应用中各自的优势与不足之处。最后,探讨了奇点光束复用光通信的应用方向和发展趋势。
The singular optical beams refer to the Orbital Angular Momentum(OAM)beam with phase singularity and the Cylindrical Vector Beam(CVB)with polarization singularity.Both the OAM and CVB are orthogonal optical modes,which can serve as basis for spatial division multiplexing optical communication.By providing a new degree of freedom,the singular optical beam multiplexing techniques dramatically increase the optical communication capacity and show significant application potentials in both classical and quantum optical communication.In this review paper,we firstly introduce the mathematical descriptions and physics properties of the OAM and CVB beams.Then the methods and techniques for OAM and CVB generation/detection are summarized.We also review the latest progresses of the OAM and CVB multiplexing based optical communication applications including the free-space and optical fiber communication.Finally,we talk about the pros and cons of the singular optical beams,and show our prospective for the future developments of the techniques.
The singular optical beams refer to the Orbital Angular Momentum(OAM)beam with phase singularity and the Cylindrical Vector Beam(CVB)with polarization singularity.Both the OAM and CVB are orthogonal optical modes,which can serve as basis for spatial division multiplexing optical communication.By providing a new degree of freedom,the singular optical beam multiplexing techniques dramatically increase the optical communication capacity and show significant application potentials in both classical and quantum optical communication.In this review paper,we firstly introduce the mathematical descriptions and physics properties of the OAM and CVB beams.Then the methods and techniques for OAM and CVB generation/detection are summarized.We also review the latest progresses of the OAM and CVB multiplexing based optical communication applications including the free-space and optical fiber communication.Finally,we talk about the pros and cons of the singular optical beams,and show our prospective for the future developments of the techniques.
引文
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[5] Shen Y,Campbell G T,Hage B,et al.Generation and Interferometric Analysis of High Charge Optical Vortices[J].Journal of Optics,2013,15(4):04005.
[6] Liu J,Wang J.Demonstration of Polarization-Insensitive Spatial Light Modulation Using a Single Polarization-Sensitive Spatial Light Modulator[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:9959.
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[9] Wei B Y,Hu W,Ming Y,et al.Generating Switchable and Reconfigurable Optical Vortices via Photopatterning of Liquid Crystals[J].Advanced Materials,2014,26(10):1590-1595.
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[11]Lei T,Zhang M,Li Y R,et al.Massive Individual Orbital Angular Momentum Channels for Multiplexing Enabled by Dammann Gratings[J].Light-Science&Applications,2015,4:7.
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[13]Cai X L,Wang J W,Strain M J,et al.Integrated Compact Optical Vortex Beam Emitters[J].Science,2012,338(6105):363-366.
[14]Xie Z W,Lei T,Li F,et al.Ultra-Broadband on-Chip Twisted Light Emitter for Optical Communications[J].Light-Science&Applications,2018,7:6.
[15]Qiao Z,Xie G Q,Wu Y H,et al.Generating HighCharge Optical Vortices Directly from Laser Up to288th Order[J].Laser&Photonics Reviews,2018,12(8):1800019.
[16]Li H L,Phillips D B,Wang X Y,et al.Orbital Angular Momentum Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers[J].Optica,2015,2(6):547-552.
[17]Okida M,Omatsu T.Direct Generation of High Power Laguerre-Gaussian Output from a Diode-Pumped Nd:YVO4 1.3μm Bounce Laser[J].Optics Express,2007,15(12):7616-7622.
[18]Senatsky Y,Bisson J F,Li J L,et al.Laguerre-Gaussian Modes Selection in Diode-Pumped Solid-State Lasers[J].Optical Review,2012,19(4):201-221.
[19]Miao P,Zhang Z F,Sun J B,et al.Orbital Angular Momentum Microlaser[J].Science,2016,353(6298):464-467.
[20]Gao C Q,Qi X Q,Liu Y D,et al.Sorting and Detecting Orbital Angular Momentum States by Using a Dove Prism Embedded Mach-Zehnder Interferometer and Amplitude Gratings[J].Optics Communications,2011,284(1):48-51.
[21]Hickmann J M,Fonseca E J S,Soares W C,et al.Unveiling a Truncated Optical Lattice Associated with a Triangular Aperture Using Light’s Orbital Angular Momentum[J].Physical Review Letters,2010,105(5):053904.
[22]Ghai D P,Senthilkumaran P,Sirohi R S.Single-Slit Diffraction of an Optical Beam with Phase Singularity[J].Optics and Lasers in Engineering,2009,47(1):123-126.
[23]Zhou H L,Yan S Q,Dong J J,et al.Double Metal Subwavelength Slit Arrays Interference to Measure the Orbital Angular Momentum and the Polarization of Light[J].Optics Letters,2014,39(11):3173-3176.
[24]Saitoh K,Hasegawa Y,Hirakawa K,et al.Measuring the Orbital Angular Momentum of Electron Vortex Beams Using a Forked Grating[J].Physical Review Letters,2013,111(7):5.
[25]Li Y J,Deng J,Li J P,et al.Sensitive Orbital Angular Momentum(OAM)Monitoring by Using Gradually Changing-Period Phase Grating in OAM-Multiplexing Optical Communication Systems[J].IEEE Photonics Journal,2016,8(2):6.
[26]Ren H R,Li X P,Zhang Q M,et al.On-Chip Noninterference Angular Momentum Multiplexing of Broadband Light[J].Science,2016,352(6287):805-809.
[27]Zhou H L,Fu D Z,Dong J J,et al.Orbital Angular Momentum Complex Spectrum Analyzer for Vortex Light based on the Rotational Doppler Effect[J].LightScience&Applications,2017,6(4):e16251.
[28]Kozawa Y,Sato S.Generation of a Radially Polarized Laser Beam by Use of a Conical Brewster Prism[J].Optics Letters,2005,30(22):3063-3065.
[29]Yonezawa K,Kozawa Y,Sato S.Generation of a Radially Polarized Laser Beam by Use of the Bbirefringence of a c-cut Nd:YVO4Crystal[J].Optics Letters,2006,31(14):2151-2153.
[30]Han W,Yang Y F,Cheng W,et al.Vectorial Optical Field Generator for the Creation of Arbitrarily Complex Fields[J].Optics Express,2013,21(18):20692-20706.
[31]Liang Y S,Yan S H,Yao B L,et al.Generation of Cylindrical Vector Beams based on Common-Path Interferometer with a Vortex Phase Plate[J].Optical Engineering,2016,55(4):6.
[32]Weng X Y,Du L P,Yang A P,et al.Generating Arbitrary Order Cylindrical Vector Beams with Inherent Transform Mechanism[J].IEEE Photonics Journal,2017,9(1):8.
[33]Zhao C Y,Gan X T,Li P,et al.Design of Multicore Photonic Crystal Fibers to Generate Cylindrical Vector Beams[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2016,34(4):1206-1211.
[34]Moreno I,Davis J A,Ruiz I,et al.Decomposition of Radially and Azimuthally Polarized Beams Using a Circular-Polarization and Vortex-Sensing Diffraction Grating[J].Optics Express,2010,18(7):7173-7183.
[35]Davis J A,Cottrell D M,Schoonover B C,et al.Vortex Sensing Analysis of Radially and Pseudo-Radially Polarized Beams[J].Optical Engineering,2013,52(5):3.
[36]Xie Z W,Lei T,Weng X Y,et al.A Miniaturized Polymer Grating for Topological Order Detection of Cylindrical Vector Beams[J].IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2016,28(24):2799-2802.
[37]Yan Y,Xie G D,Lavery M P J,et al.High-Capacity Millimetre-Wave Communications with Orbital Angular Momentum Multiplexing[J].Nature Communications,2014,5:9.
[38]Mirhosseini M,Malik M,Shi Z M,et al.Efficient Separation of the Orbital Angular Momentum Eigenstates of Light[J].Nature Communications,2013,4:6.
[39]Su T H,Scott R P,Djordjevic S S,et al.Demonstration of Free Space Coherent Optical Communication Using Integrated Silicon Photonic Orbital Angular Momentum Devices[J].Optics Express,2012,20(9):7.
[40]Guan B B,Scott R P,Qin C,et al.Free-Space Coherent Optical Communication with Orbital Angular,Momentum Multiplexing/Demultiplexing Using a Hybrid3D Photonic Integrated Circuit[J].Optics Express,2014,22(1):145-156.
[41]Xie G D,Zhao Z,Yan Y,et al.Demonstration of Tunable Steering and Multiplexing of Two 28 GHz Data Carrying Orbital Angular Momentum Beams Using Antenna Array[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:9.
[42]Brkhout G C G,Lavery M P J,Courtial J,et al.Efficient Sorting of Orbital Angular Momentum States of Light[J].Physical Review Letters,2010,105(15):153601.
[43]Huang H,Milione G,Lavery M P J,et al.Mode Division Multiplexing Using an Orbital Angular Momentum Mode Sorter and MIMO-DSP over a Graded-Index Few-Mode Optical Fibre[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:7.
[44]Wan C H,Chen J,Zhan Q W.Compact and High-Resolution Optical Orbital Angular Momentum Sorter[J].Apl Photonics,2017,2(3):6.
[45]Wen Y H,Chremmos I,Chen Y J,et al.Spiral Transformation for High-Resolution and Efficient Sorting of Optical Vortex Modes[J].Physical Review Letters,2018,120(19):6.
[46]Ruffato G,Massari M,Parisi G,et al.Test of ModeDivision Multiplexing and Demultiplexing in Free-Space with Diffractive Transformation Optics[J].Optics Express,2017,25(7):7859-7868.
[47]O’Sullivan M N,Mirhosseini M,Malik M,et al.Near-Perfect Sorting of Orbital Angular Momentum and Angular Position States of Light[J].Optics Express,2012,20(22):24444-24449.
[48]Mirhosseini M,Malik M,Shi Z,et al.Efficient Separation of the Orbital Angular Momentum Eigenstates of Light[J].Nature Communications,2013,4:2781.
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