利用体外法研究精料、玉米秸秆青贮与谷草的组合效应
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摘要
试验采用体外瘤胃发酵法来研究肉牛日粮中不同比例精料与粗料间的组合效应(AE)。用注射器法将精料与玉米秸秆青贮、谷草以100∶0(CR100),80∶20(CR80),60∶40(CR60),50∶50(CR50),40∶60(CR40),20∶80(CR20),0∶100(CR0)的比例进行组合,分别测定产气量(GP)、干物质消失率(DMD)、氨态氮(NH_3-N)浓度、微生物蛋白(MCP)产量和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度及其组合效应值,确定最适宜的精粗比。结果表明,1)CR80组合的体外发酵GP最高,组合效应值最大;CR100组合的DMD最高;而CR50组合的单项组合效应值最大,NH_3-N浓度和MCP产量最高,产生了最大正组合效应。2)乙酸浓度随精料比例的降低呈先上升后下降的趋势,丙酸和丁酸浓度则随精料比例的下降而降低。3)综合分析各组合的多项组合效应指数(MFAEI),CR50组合最大(AE_(24h)0.56,AE_(48h)0.67,AE_(72h)1.00)。因此,在本试验条件下精粗比为50∶50的组合最有利于瘤胃发酵。
The experiment was conducted to determine the associated effects(AE) between concentrate and roughage in beef cattle diets by in vitro rumen fermentation technology.Concentrate was mixed with roughage in ratio of 100 ∶ 0(CR100),80 ∶ 20(CR80),60 ∶ 40(CR60),50 ∶ 50(CR50),40 ∶ 60(CR40),20 ∶ 80(CR20),0 ∶ 100(CR0) by the method of syringe,measured the gas production(GP),dry matter disappearance rate(DMD),ammonia concentration(NH_3-N),microbial protein production(MCP) and volatile fatty acid concentration(VFA) and its associated effects value to screen the optimal combination.The results showed that the GP and associative effect value(AE) of group CR80 was highest,group CR100 had the highest DMD,and CR50 had the highest single associative effect index and the highest NH_3-Nconcentration,MCP production and biggest positive associative effect.In addition,concentrations of acetic acid decreased with the levels of concentrate reduction and concentrations of propionic acid and butyric acid were decreased with the levels of concentrate reduction.Furthermore,the multiple factors associative effect index(MFAEI) showed that the maximum positive associative effect(AE_(24h)0.56,AE_(48h)0.67,AE_(72h)1.00) was produced when the ratio of concentrate-forage was 50 ∶ 50.Therefore,our results suggested that the combination of concentrate-roughage at ratio of 50: 50 had most beneficial rumen fermentation.
The experiment was conducted to determine the associated effects(AE) between concentrate and roughage in beef cattle diets by in vitro rumen fermentation technology.Concentrate was mixed with roughage in ratio of 100 ∶ 0(CR100),80 ∶ 20(CR80),60 ∶ 40(CR60),50 ∶ 50(CR50),40 ∶ 60(CR40),20 ∶ 80(CR20),0 ∶ 100(CR0) by the method of syringe,measured the gas production(GP),dry matter disappearance rate(DMD),ammonia concentration(NH_3-N),microbial protein production(MCP) and volatile fatty acid concentration(VFA) and its associated effects value to screen the optimal combination.The results showed that the GP and associative effect value(AE) of group CR80 was highest,group CR100 had the highest DMD,and CR50 had the highest single associative effect index and the highest NH_3-Nconcentration,MCP production and biggest positive associative effect.In addition,concentrations of acetic acid decreased with the levels of concentrate reduction and concentrations of propionic acid and butyric acid were decreased with the levels of concentrate reduction.Furthermore,the multiple factors associative effect index(MFAEI) showed that the maximum positive associative effect(AE_(24h)0.56,AE_(48h)0.67,AE_(72h)1.00) was produced when the ratio of concentrate-forage was 50 ∶ 50.Therefore,our results suggested that the combination of concentrate-roughage at ratio of 50: 50 had most beneficial rumen fermentation.
引文
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[19]张锐,朱晓萍,李建云,等.辽宁绒山羊常有粗饲料苜蓿和羊草间饲料组合效应[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(10):2481-2488.
[2]孙国强,吕永艳,蔡李逢,等.复合处理麦秸、青贮玉米秸和精料的组合及比例对奶牛体外瘤胃发酵的有影响[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(1):69-76.
[3]吕永艳,张杰杰,孙国强.不同比例的青贮玉米秸和花生蔓与精料的组合对奶牛体外瘤胃发酵参数的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2013,49(21):44-47.
[4]袁玖,万欣杰,张金萍,等.不同精粗比和菜粕水平对饲粮组合效应的研究[J].草业学报,2014,23(1):291-299.
[5]Menke K H,Steingass H.Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid[J].Animal Research and Development,1988,28:7-55.
[6]冯宗慈,高民.通过比色法测定瘤胃液氨氮含量方法的改进[J].内蒙古畜牧科学,1993(4):40-41.
[7]Cotta M A,Russell J R.Effect of peptides and amino acids on efficiency of rumen bacterial protein synthesis in continuous culture[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1982,65:226-234.
[8]Abdelfattah Z M Salem,Zhou Chuanshe,Tan Zhiliang,et al.In vitro ruminal gas production kinetics of four fodder trees ensiled with or without molasses and urea[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2013,12(7):1234-1242.
[9]Palmer M J A,Jessop N S,Fawcett R,et al.Interference of indirect gas produced by grass silage fermentation acids in an in vitro gas production technique[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2005,123-124:185-196.
[10]曾艳霞,陈志龙,王林,等.不同精粗比日粮中添加甘露寡糖对绵羊体外发酵的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(1):68-75.
[11]张洁,王洪荣.用体外产气法评价精粗饲料的组合效应[J].家畜生态学报,2007,28(4):30-35.
[12]陈安,吴建平,周传社,等.C3和C4植物粗料及底物精粗比对山羊瘤胃体外发酵特性的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(1):112-123.
[13]张吉鹍.浅析反刍家畜日粮中饲料组合效应产生的机理[J].中国饲料添加剂,2005(5):6-11.
[14]邹新平,曹志军,许庆方,等.不同粗饲料组合和精粗比对断奶犊牛瘤胃液体外发酵及微生物蛋白的影响[J].饲料研究,2015(6):33-37.
[15]杨丽.肉牛日粮中苜蓿、玉米秸秆、精料补充料组合效应研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2007.
[16]袁庆启,姜发彬,王亚琼,等.不同精粗比日粮对奶牛瘤胃发酵与肝脏VFA代谢及产奶性能的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2016,37(7):36-43.
[17]华金玲,郭亮,王立克,等.不同精粗比日粮对黄淮白山羊瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2013,44(6):58-61.
[18]刘喜生,任有蛇,岳文斌.反刍动物饲料间组合效应的评定方法及评估参数[J].中国草食动物科学,2015,35(2):52-55.
[19]张锐,朱晓萍,李建云,等.辽宁绒山羊常有粗饲料苜蓿和羊草间饲料组合效应[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(10):2481-2488.