精准扶贫中的人民获得感:基于广西民族地区的实证研究
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摘要
精准扶贫思想是新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要组成部分,也是马克思主义反贫困理论中国化的最新贡献。本研究以广西7个乡镇613户贫困户为对象进行问卷调查,运用SPSS25.0对民族地区精准扶贫过程中贫困群体的人民获得感相关问题进行实证研究。研究发现:政府承诺与政府信任对人民获得感都有显著的正向促进作用,即政府承诺和政府信任越高,人们就越容易产生获得感。而且政府信任在政府承诺与人民获得感之间发挥着部分中介作用。本研究从贫困群体的物质与精神需求层面去分析问题,为政府更好地处理精准扶贫中的问题提供经验依据。
The thought of poverty alleviation is a key part of the thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era. It is a latest contribution to the poverty elimination theory of the Marxism. The paper makes an empirical study of relative issues of the people-in-poverty's sense of gain in the poverty alleviation with SPSS 25.0, for which 613 poverty-stricken households in 7 towns were selected to finish the questionnaire survey. The study shows the governments' commitment and trust play a positive role in increasing people's sense of gain. The higher the governments' commitment and trust lead to people's higher sense of gain. Another finding is the governments' trust plays an intermediary role between the governments' commitment and people's sense of gain. The study makes analysis in the perspective of poor people's material and spiritual needs and provide experience for the government to handle the problems in the poverty alleviation in a better way.
The thought of poverty alleviation is a key part of the thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era. It is a latest contribution to the poverty elimination theory of the Marxism. The paper makes an empirical study of relative issues of the people-in-poverty's sense of gain in the poverty alleviation with SPSS 25.0, for which 613 poverty-stricken households in 7 towns were selected to finish the questionnaire survey. The study shows the governments' commitment and trust play a positive role in increasing people's sense of gain. The higher the governments' commitment and trust lead to people's higher sense of gain. Another finding is the governments' trust plays an intermediary role between the governments' commitment and people's sense of gain. The study makes analysis in the perspective of poor people's material and spiritual needs and provide experience for the government to handle the problems in the poverty alleviation in a better way.
引文
[1]习近平:扶贫切忌喊口号,也不要定好高骛远目标[EB/OL].(2013-11-03)[2018-12-03].http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2013/11-03/5457417.shtml.
[2]汪三贵,郭子豪.论中国的精准扶贫[J].贵州社会科学,2015(5):147-150.
[3]李春明.精准扶贫的经济学思考[J].理论月刊,2015(11):5-8.
[4]虞崇胜,余扬.提升可行能力:精准扶贫的政治哲学基础分析[J].行政论坛,2016(1):22-25.
[5]佐停,杨雨鑫,钟玲.精准扶贫:技术靶向、理论解析和现实挑战[J].贵州社会科学,2015(8):156-162.
[6]刘解龙.经济新常态中的精准扶贫理论与机制创新[J].湖南社会科学,2015(4):156-159.
[7]沈茂英.四川藏区精准扶贫面临的多维约束与化解策略[J].农村经济,2015(6):62-66.
[8]邓维杰.精准扶贫的难点、对策与路径选择[J].农村经济,2014(6):78-81.
[9]葛志军,邢成举.精准扶贫:内涵、实践困境及其原因阐释:基于宁夏银川两个村庄的调查[J].贵州社会科学,2015(5):157-163.
[10]程名望,张帅,史清华.农户贫困及其决定因素:基于精准扶贫视角的实证分析[J].公共管理学报,2018(1):135-146,159-160.
[11]曹现强,李烁.获得感的时代内涵与国外经验借鉴[J].人民论坛·学术前沿,2017(2):18-28.
[12]王浦劬,季程远.新时代国家治理的良政基准与善治标尺:人民获得感的意蕴和量度[J].中国行政管理,2018(1):6-12.
[13]李兰芬,王蓓蕾.人民获得感不断增强的实践路径[EB/OL].(2018-01-25)[2018-12-03].http://www.cssn.cn/shx/201801/t20180125_3827930.shtml.
[14]孙远太.城市居民社会地位对其获得感的影响分析:基于6省市的调查[J].调研世界,2015(9):18-21.
[15]福山.信任:社会道德与繁荣的创造[M].李宛蓉,译.上海:远东出版社,1998:133-140.
[16]CHERYL B,DEREK G.Declining government performance?why citizens don’t trust government[J].Working Paper,2000(9):387-404.
[17]PIPPA N.Critical citizens:global support for democratic government[M].Oxford New York:Oxford University Press,1999:345.
[18]ARTHUR H M,OLA L.Political parties and confidence in government:a comparison of Norway,Sweden and the United States[J].British journal of political science,1990(3):80-90.
[19]EASTON D.A re-assessment of the concept of the political support[J].British journal of political science,1975(4):435-457.
[20]MILLER A H,LISTHAUG O.Political parties and confidence in government:a comparison of Norway,Sweden and the United States[J].British journal of political science,1990(3):357-386.
[21]赵倩,申健.从突发性公共事件看政府信任建构[J].人民论坛,2011(29):56-57.
[22]艾明江.理性选择制度下的我国政府信任度的建构过程[J].行政论坛,2012(6):16-21.
[23]徐彪.公共危机事件后的政府信任修复[J].中国行政管理,2013(2):31-35.
[24]董安琪.公共政策执行模式下的政府信任关系历史类型研究[J].中共南京市委党校学报,2009(2):83-87.
[25]陈华.合作视野下的政府信任关系研究[J].学术论坛,2011(3):54-57.
[26]THOMAS J C,STREIB G.The new face of government:citizen-initiated in the era of e-government[J].Journal of public administration research and theory,2003(1):83-102.
[27]DELMAS M,HEIMAN B.Government credible commitment to the French and American nuclear power industries[J].Journal of policy analysis and management,2001(3):433-456.
[28]FRANK R G.Government commitment and regulation of prescription drugs[J].Health aff,2003(3):46-48.
[29]BRITO D L,HAMILTON J H,STIGLITZ J E.Dynamic optimal income taxation with government commitment[J].Journal of public economics,1989(1):46-48.
[30]唐庆鹏,康丽丽.价值、困境及发展:社会治理中的政府承诺机制析论[J].广东行政学院学报,2013(3):11-16.
[31]文宏,刘志鹏.人民获得感的时序比较:基于中国城乡社会治理数据的实证分析[J].社会科学,2018(3):3-20.
[32]石庆新,傅安洲.获得感、政治信任与政党认同的关系研究:基于湖北省6所部属高校大学生的调查数据[J].中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2017(1):91-94.
[33]唐有财,符平.获得感、政治信任与农民工的权益表达倾向[J].社会科学,2017(11):67-79.
[34]黄艳敏,张文娟,赵娟霞.实际获得、公平认知与居民获得感[J].现代经济探讨,2017(11):1-10,59.
[35]邵雅利.习近平“人民获得感思想”的深刻意蕴与实践路径[J].理论导刊,2017(9):78-82.
[36]人民网.以获得感、幸福感、安全感满足人民向往美好新时代需要[EB/OL].(2017-12-15)[2018-12-03].http://theory people.com.cn/n1/2017/1215/c40531-29709059.html.
[37]王钢.幼儿教师职业幸福感的特点及其与职业承诺的关系[J].心理发展与教育,2013(6):616-624.
[38]孙秀霞,朱方伟,宋昊阳.感知信任与项目绩效:组织承诺的中介作用[J].管理评论,2016(12):155-165.
[39]贾良定,陈永霞,宋继文,等.变革型领导、员工的组织信任与组织承诺:中国情景下企业管理者的实证研究[J].东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006(6):59-67,127.
[40]乔坤,栾晓琳,王晓云.高绩效HRM实践与组织承诺:关于民营中小企业员工的研究[J].管理评论,2009(5):77-85.
[41]姚唐,黄文波,范秀成.基于组织承诺机制的服务业员工忠诚度研究[J].管理世界,2008(5):102-114,123.
[42]郑晓涛,石金涛,郑兴山.员工组织内信任对其工作态度的影响[J].管理评论,2008(11):36-40,64.
(1)广西东兰县是作者单位定点帮扶县,作者每年都要去东兰县帮扶2次。本文调研得到广西民族大学驻东兰县扶贫工作队队员史言涛、广西教育厅驻忻城县扶贫工作队队员曹浩、南宁市良庆区南晓镇党委书记李滔的大力支持,谨表谢意。
[2]汪三贵,郭子豪.论中国的精准扶贫[J].贵州社会科学,2015(5):147-150.
[3]李春明.精准扶贫的经济学思考[J].理论月刊,2015(11):5-8.
[4]虞崇胜,余扬.提升可行能力:精准扶贫的政治哲学基础分析[J].行政论坛,2016(1):22-25.
[5]佐停,杨雨鑫,钟玲.精准扶贫:技术靶向、理论解析和现实挑战[J].贵州社会科学,2015(8):156-162.
[6]刘解龙.经济新常态中的精准扶贫理论与机制创新[J].湖南社会科学,2015(4):156-159.
[7]沈茂英.四川藏区精准扶贫面临的多维约束与化解策略[J].农村经济,2015(6):62-66.
[8]邓维杰.精准扶贫的难点、对策与路径选择[J].农村经济,2014(6):78-81.
[9]葛志军,邢成举.精准扶贫:内涵、实践困境及其原因阐释:基于宁夏银川两个村庄的调查[J].贵州社会科学,2015(5):157-163.
[10]程名望,张帅,史清华.农户贫困及其决定因素:基于精准扶贫视角的实证分析[J].公共管理学报,2018(1):135-146,159-160.
[11]曹现强,李烁.获得感的时代内涵与国外经验借鉴[J].人民论坛·学术前沿,2017(2):18-28.
[12]王浦劬,季程远.新时代国家治理的良政基准与善治标尺:人民获得感的意蕴和量度[J].中国行政管理,2018(1):6-12.
[13]李兰芬,王蓓蕾.人民获得感不断增强的实践路径[EB/OL].(2018-01-25)[2018-12-03].http://www.cssn.cn/shx/201801/t20180125_3827930.shtml.
[14]孙远太.城市居民社会地位对其获得感的影响分析:基于6省市的调查[J].调研世界,2015(9):18-21.
[15]福山.信任:社会道德与繁荣的创造[M].李宛蓉,译.上海:远东出版社,1998:133-140.
[16]CHERYL B,DEREK G.Declining government performance?why citizens don’t trust government[J].Working Paper,2000(9):387-404.
[17]PIPPA N.Critical citizens:global support for democratic government[M].Oxford New York:Oxford University Press,1999:345.
[18]ARTHUR H M,OLA L.Political parties and confidence in government:a comparison of Norway,Sweden and the United States[J].British journal of political science,1990(3):80-90.
[19]EASTON D.A re-assessment of the concept of the political support[J].British journal of political science,1975(4):435-457.
[20]MILLER A H,LISTHAUG O.Political parties and confidence in government:a comparison of Norway,Sweden and the United States[J].British journal of political science,1990(3):357-386.
[21]赵倩,申健.从突发性公共事件看政府信任建构[J].人民论坛,2011(29):56-57.
[22]艾明江.理性选择制度下的我国政府信任度的建构过程[J].行政论坛,2012(6):16-21.
[23]徐彪.公共危机事件后的政府信任修复[J].中国行政管理,2013(2):31-35.
[24]董安琪.公共政策执行模式下的政府信任关系历史类型研究[J].中共南京市委党校学报,2009(2):83-87.
[25]陈华.合作视野下的政府信任关系研究[J].学术论坛,2011(3):54-57.
[26]THOMAS J C,STREIB G.The new face of government:citizen-initiated in the era of e-government[J].Journal of public administration research and theory,2003(1):83-102.
[27]DELMAS M,HEIMAN B.Government credible commitment to the French and American nuclear power industries[J].Journal of policy analysis and management,2001(3):433-456.
[28]FRANK R G.Government commitment and regulation of prescription drugs[J].Health aff,2003(3):46-48.
[29]BRITO D L,HAMILTON J H,STIGLITZ J E.Dynamic optimal income taxation with government commitment[J].Journal of public economics,1989(1):46-48.
[30]唐庆鹏,康丽丽.价值、困境及发展:社会治理中的政府承诺机制析论[J].广东行政学院学报,2013(3):11-16.
[31]文宏,刘志鹏.人民获得感的时序比较:基于中国城乡社会治理数据的实证分析[J].社会科学,2018(3):3-20.
[32]石庆新,傅安洲.获得感、政治信任与政党认同的关系研究:基于湖北省6所部属高校大学生的调查数据[J].中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2017(1):91-94.
[33]唐有财,符平.获得感、政治信任与农民工的权益表达倾向[J].社会科学,2017(11):67-79.
[34]黄艳敏,张文娟,赵娟霞.实际获得、公平认知与居民获得感[J].现代经济探讨,2017(11):1-10,59.
[35]邵雅利.习近平“人民获得感思想”的深刻意蕴与实践路径[J].理论导刊,2017(9):78-82.
[36]人民网.以获得感、幸福感、安全感满足人民向往美好新时代需要[EB/OL].(2017-12-15)[2018-12-03].http://theory people.com.cn/n1/2017/1215/c40531-29709059.html.
[37]王钢.幼儿教师职业幸福感的特点及其与职业承诺的关系[J].心理发展与教育,2013(6):616-624.
[38]孙秀霞,朱方伟,宋昊阳.感知信任与项目绩效:组织承诺的中介作用[J].管理评论,2016(12):155-165.
[39]贾良定,陈永霞,宋继文,等.变革型领导、员工的组织信任与组织承诺:中国情景下企业管理者的实证研究[J].东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006(6):59-67,127.
[40]乔坤,栾晓琳,王晓云.高绩效HRM实践与组织承诺:关于民营中小企业员工的研究[J].管理评论,2009(5):77-85.
[41]姚唐,黄文波,范秀成.基于组织承诺机制的服务业员工忠诚度研究[J].管理世界,2008(5):102-114,123.
[42]郑晓涛,石金涛,郑兴山.员工组织内信任对其工作态度的影响[J].管理评论,2008(11):36-40,64.
(1)广西东兰县是作者单位定点帮扶县,作者每年都要去东兰县帮扶2次。本文调研得到广西民族大学驻东兰县扶贫工作队队员史言涛、广西教育厅驻忻城县扶贫工作队队员曹浩、南宁市良庆区南晓镇党委书记李滔的大力支持,谨表谢意。