老年人的信任与幸福感
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摘要
基于2016年中国家庭幸福感热点问题调查数据,对城乡老年人的信任、幸福感以及二者之间的关系进行描述和比较,对老年人信任如何影响其幸福感进行分析,发现:农村老年人的信任和幸福感水平均明显低于城市老年人;老年人的人际信任和制度信任都呈现"差序格局";老年人的信任和被信任与其幸福感之间都存在明显的正相关关系,都对其幸福感有显著的正效应。研究认为,改善城乡社会信任环境、有利于提升城乡老年人的信任和幸福感,有助于我国更好地应对人口老龄化的挑战。
It analyzed trust and happiness of rural and urban elderly based on China Family Happiness Survey in 2016.The findings are as follows.Firstly.the level of trust and happiness of the rural elderly is significantly lower than that of the urban elderly.Secondly,the interperso-nal trust and institutional trust of the elder show a "differential order pattern".Thirdly,elderly trust more on institutions than on people.Fourthly,there is a positive relationship between trust or trusted and happiness.Lastly,trust or trusted of elderly have significantly positive effect on their happiness.It suggested that taking measures which include polices and institutions to improve trust level of elderly living in rural and urban China will in increase their happiness level and will contribute to overcome challenges of population aging in China.
It analyzed trust and happiness of rural and urban elderly based on China Family Happiness Survey in 2016.The findings are as follows.Firstly.the level of trust and happiness of the rural elderly is significantly lower than that of the urban elderly.Secondly,the interperso-nal trust and institutional trust of the elder show a "differential order pattern".Thirdly,elderly trust more on institutions than on people.Fourthly,there is a positive relationship between trust or trusted and happiness.Lastly,trust or trusted of elderly have significantly positive effect on their happiness.It suggested that taking measures which include polices and institutions to improve trust level of elderly living in rural and urban China will in increase their happiness level and will contribute to overcome challenges of population aging in China.
引文
王磊.城市第一代独生子女老年父母的家庭幸福感及影响因素[J].人口与发展,2018,(5):33-41.
陆方文,刘国恩,李辉文.子女性别与父母幸福感[J].经济研究,2017,(10):173-188.
王磊.独生子女父母的家庭幸福感及其影响因素分析[J].北京工业大学学报(社会科学版)[J].2017,(5):27-34.
王磊.“全面两孩”政策下育龄女性的生育行为与家庭幸福感——从生育服务和托幼资源视角的观察[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社科版),2017,(6):7-12.
刘明明.社会信任对公众主观幸福感的影响研究[J].学习与实践,2016,(1):87-97.
边燕杰,肖阳.中英居民主观幸福感比较研究[J].社会学研究,2014,(2):22-42.
王广州,王军.中国家庭幸福感测量[J].社会,2013,(6):139-160.
祁玲玲,赖静萍.政府行为、政治信任与主观幸福感[J].学术研究,2013,(7):52-58.
沈可,程令国,魏星.居住模式如何影响老年人的幸福感?[J].世界经济文汇,2013,(6):89-100.
邹宇春,敖丹,李建栋.中国城市居民的信任格局及社会资本影响——以广州为例[J].中国社会科学,2012,(5):131-148.
袁正,夏波.信任与幸福:基于WVS的中国微观数据[J].中国经济问题,2012,(6):65-74.
胡洪曙,鲁元平.收入不平等、健康与老年人主观幸福感——来自中国老龄化背景下的经验证据[J].中国软科学,2012,(11):41-56.
林宝.养老模式转变的基本趋势及我国养老模式的选择[J].广西社会科学,2010,(5):124-127.
亓寿伟,周少甫.收入、健康与医疗保险对老年人幸福感的影响[J].公共管理学报,2010,(1):100-107.
吴捷.老年人社会支持、孤独感与主观幸福感的关系[J].心理科学,2008,(4):984-986.
唐丹,邹君,申继亮,张凌.老年人主观幸福感的影响因素[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2006,(3):160-162.
张莅芸,谭康荣.制度信任的趋势与结构:“多重等级评量”的分析策略[J].台湾社会学刊,2005,(35):75-126.
王大华,佟雁,周丽清,申继亮.亲子支持对老年人主观幸福感的影响机制[J].心理学报,2004,(1):78-82.
刘仁刚,龚耀先.老年人主观幸福感及其影响因素的研究[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2000,(2):73-78.
郑也夫.信任论[M].北京:中信出版集团,2001.
Diener,E.,2000,“Subjective Well-being:The Science of Happiness and a Proposal for a National Index” [J].American Psychologist,55(1):34–43.
Y.Tokuda,S.Fujii and T.Inoguchi,2010,“Individual and country-level effects of social trust on happiness:the Asia barometer survey” [J].Journal of Applied Social Psychology,40(10):2574-2593.
Rothstein Bo and Eric M.Uslaner,2006,“All for one:Equality,Corruption and Social Trust” [J].World Politics,58(3):42-72.
Y.Tokuda and T.Inoguchi,2008,“Interpersonal Mistrust and Unhappiness Among Japanese People” [J].Social Indicators Research,89(2):349-360.
Masanori Kuroki,2011,“Does social trust increase individual happiness in Japan?” [J].Journal of the Japanese Economic Association,62(4):444-459.
Diqing Lou,2009,“Marching toward a Harmonious Society:Happiness,Regime Satisfaction,and Government Performance in Contemporary Urban China” [J].Asian Politics & Policy,1(3):508-525.
Helliwell J.F.and Putnam R.D.2005.The Social Context of Well-Being[A].F.Huppert,N.Baylis and B.Keverne.The Science of Well-Being[M].New York:Oxford University Press:435-460.
Yip,W.,Subramanian,S.V.,Mitchell,A.D.,Lee,D.T.S.,Wang,J.,and Kawachi,I.,2007,“Does social capital enhance health and well-being?Evidence from rural China”[J].Social Science and Medicine,64(1):35-49.
(1)人际信任是依靠自然人之间关系而形成的信任,制度信任是依靠合约和公平的制度而形成的信任;特殊信任指个体对自己群内的或和自己有亲密互动的他者所持有的积极性预期,普遍信任常指个体对那些自己并不熟悉、群外的或者与自己不直接互动的他者所持有的积极性预期。
(2)2016年中国家庭幸福感热点问题调查将家庭幸福感评分的取值范围定为0分至10分,0分代表非常不幸福,10分代表非常幸福。
(3)王广州、王军,2013,《中国家庭幸福感测量》,《社会》,第6期,第148页,表1。
陆方文,刘国恩,李辉文.子女性别与父母幸福感[J].经济研究,2017,(10):173-188.
王磊.独生子女父母的家庭幸福感及其影响因素分析[J].北京工业大学学报(社会科学版)[J].2017,(5):27-34.
王磊.“全面两孩”政策下育龄女性的生育行为与家庭幸福感——从生育服务和托幼资源视角的观察[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社科版),2017,(6):7-12.
刘明明.社会信任对公众主观幸福感的影响研究[J].学习与实践,2016,(1):87-97.
边燕杰,肖阳.中英居民主观幸福感比较研究[J].社会学研究,2014,(2):22-42.
王广州,王军.中国家庭幸福感测量[J].社会,2013,(6):139-160.
祁玲玲,赖静萍.政府行为、政治信任与主观幸福感[J].学术研究,2013,(7):52-58.
沈可,程令国,魏星.居住模式如何影响老年人的幸福感?[J].世界经济文汇,2013,(6):89-100.
邹宇春,敖丹,李建栋.中国城市居民的信任格局及社会资本影响——以广州为例[J].中国社会科学,2012,(5):131-148.
袁正,夏波.信任与幸福:基于WVS的中国微观数据[J].中国经济问题,2012,(6):65-74.
胡洪曙,鲁元平.收入不平等、健康与老年人主观幸福感——来自中国老龄化背景下的经验证据[J].中国软科学,2012,(11):41-56.
林宝.养老模式转变的基本趋势及我国养老模式的选择[J].广西社会科学,2010,(5):124-127.
亓寿伟,周少甫.收入、健康与医疗保险对老年人幸福感的影响[J].公共管理学报,2010,(1):100-107.
吴捷.老年人社会支持、孤独感与主观幸福感的关系[J].心理科学,2008,(4):984-986.
唐丹,邹君,申继亮,张凌.老年人主观幸福感的影响因素[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2006,(3):160-162.
张莅芸,谭康荣.制度信任的趋势与结构:“多重等级评量”的分析策略[J].台湾社会学刊,2005,(35):75-126.
王大华,佟雁,周丽清,申继亮.亲子支持对老年人主观幸福感的影响机制[J].心理学报,2004,(1):78-82.
刘仁刚,龚耀先.老年人主观幸福感及其影响因素的研究[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2000,(2):73-78.
郑也夫.信任论[M].北京:中信出版集团,2001.
Diener,E.,2000,“Subjective Well-being:The Science of Happiness and a Proposal for a National Index” [J].American Psychologist,55(1):34–43.
Y.Tokuda,S.Fujii and T.Inoguchi,2010,“Individual and country-level effects of social trust on happiness:the Asia barometer survey” [J].Journal of Applied Social Psychology,40(10):2574-2593.
Rothstein Bo and Eric M.Uslaner,2006,“All for one:Equality,Corruption and Social Trust” [J].World Politics,58(3):42-72.
Y.Tokuda and T.Inoguchi,2008,“Interpersonal Mistrust and Unhappiness Among Japanese People” [J].Social Indicators Research,89(2):349-360.
Masanori Kuroki,2011,“Does social trust increase individual happiness in Japan?” [J].Journal of the Japanese Economic Association,62(4):444-459.
Diqing Lou,2009,“Marching toward a Harmonious Society:Happiness,Regime Satisfaction,and Government Performance in Contemporary Urban China” [J].Asian Politics & Policy,1(3):508-525.
Helliwell J.F.and Putnam R.D.2005.The Social Context of Well-Being[A].F.Huppert,N.Baylis and B.Keverne.The Science of Well-Being[M].New York:Oxford University Press:435-460.
Yip,W.,Subramanian,S.V.,Mitchell,A.D.,Lee,D.T.S.,Wang,J.,and Kawachi,I.,2007,“Does social capital enhance health and well-being?Evidence from rural China”[J].Social Science and Medicine,64(1):35-49.
(1)人际信任是依靠自然人之间关系而形成的信任,制度信任是依靠合约和公平的制度而形成的信任;特殊信任指个体对自己群内的或和自己有亲密互动的他者所持有的积极性预期,普遍信任常指个体对那些自己并不熟悉、群外的或者与自己不直接互动的他者所持有的积极性预期。
(2)2016年中国家庭幸福感热点问题调查将家庭幸福感评分的取值范围定为0分至10分,0分代表非常不幸福,10分代表非常幸福。
(3)王广州、王军,2013,《中国家庭幸福感测量》,《社会》,第6期,第148页,表1。