不同性别驾驶人的驾驶风险与人口统计学、环境变量关系
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摘要
搜集了1225起两车事故,涉及2450名驾驶人的相关数据,将驾驶人分为有责和无责两方。以有责与无责比率作为驾驶风险评价指标,分析不同性别驾驶人的驾驶风险与年龄、驾龄、城乡户口性质等人口统计学变量以及天气、照明条件、道路线型、路表情况、事故发生地点的城乡属性等环境因素的关系。结果表明,无论性别如何,驾驶人的驾驶风险与城乡户口性质、天气、路表情况、道路线型均无关。但男性驾驶人的驾驶风险与驾龄、年龄、事故发生地点的行政区域有关,与照明条件无关。对于男性驾驶人,驾龄越短、年龄越小以及事故发生地点更加贴近郊区,其越可能成为事故责任方。而女性驾驶人的驾驶风险仅与照明条件有关,即照明条件越差,对于女性驾驶人,越容易成为事故责任方。
The data about 2450 drivers who were involved in 1225 two-vehicle accidents were collected and drivers were divided into two categories: with fault and without fault in the accidents.The ratio of at-fault drivers and non-at-fault drivers is taken as the accident risk evaluation index.The association between the accident risk with the demographic factors,such as age,driving experience,urban and rural household registration characteristics,and the environment factors,such as weather,light condition,road pavement condition,road alignment,urban and rural property of the area in which the accident happened,was analyzed.The results show,no matter what the gender is,the accident risk of drivers is not associated with urban and rural household registration characteristics,weather,road pavement condition,and road alignment.But the accident risk of male drivers is associated with age,driver experience and urban and rural property of the area in which the accident happened,not with light condition.Male drivers,who are younger,have shorter driving experience,and drive closer to rural area are more likely to be responsible for the accident.On the other hand,the accident risk of female drivers is only associated with the light condition: when the light condition is worse,she is more likely to be responsible for the accident.
The data about 2450 drivers who were involved in 1225 two-vehicle accidents were collected and drivers were divided into two categories: with fault and without fault in the accidents.The ratio of at-fault drivers and non-at-fault drivers is taken as the accident risk evaluation index.The association between the accident risk with the demographic factors,such as age,driving experience,urban and rural household registration characteristics,and the environment factors,such as weather,light condition,road pavement condition,road alignment,urban and rural property of the area in which the accident happened,was analyzed.The results show,no matter what the gender is,the accident risk of drivers is not associated with urban and rural household registration characteristics,weather,road pavement condition,and road alignment.But the accident risk of male drivers is associated with age,driver experience and urban and rural property of the area in which the accident happened,not with light condition.Male drivers,who are younger,have shorter driving experience,and drive closer to rural area are more likely to be responsible for the accident.On the other hand,the accident risk of female drivers is only associated with the light condition: when the light condition is worse,she is more likely to be responsible for the accident.
引文
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[8] Shaffer JW,Schmidt CW,Zlotowitz HI,et al.Social Adjustment Profiles of Female Drivers Involved in Fatal and Nonfatal Accidents[J].American Journal of Psychiatry,1977,134(7):801 -804.
[9] Sirkku L,Esko K.Has the Difference in Accident Patterns between Male and Female Drivers Changed between 1984 and 2000[J].Accident Analysis and Prevention,2004,36(4):577-584.
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[11] 江欣国,章国鹏,柏伟,等.出行主体的相对危险暴露量研究综述[J].西南交通大学学报,2016,51(3):546-552.
[12] 王静龙,梁小筠.定型数据统计分布[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2008.
[2] Albalbissi AH.Role of Gender in Road Accidents.[J].Journal of Crash Prevention & Injury Control,2003,4(1):64-73.
[3] Williams AF,Shabanova VI.Responsibility of Drivers,by Age and Gender,for Motor-vehicle Crash Deaths[J].Journal of Safety Research,2003,34(5):527-531.
[4] Weber K.Men and Women Drivers:A Study of Exposure,Accidents,and Injuries[C]// 1975:350-364.
[5] Mcguire FL.Personality Factors in Highway Accidents.[J].Human Factors,1976,18(5):433-441.
[6] Santamarina-Rubio E,Pérez K,Olabarria M,et al.Gender Differences in Road Traffic Injury Rate Using Time Travelled as A Measure of Exposure[J].Accident Analysis and Prevention,2014,65(4):1-7.
[7] 冯忠祥,刘强,张卫华,等.女性驾驶人特性与行为机制研究现状及展望[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2016,12(4):124-130.
[8] Shaffer JW,Schmidt CW,Zlotowitz HI,et al.Social Adjustment Profiles of Female Drivers Involved in Fatal and Nonfatal Accidents[J].American Journal of Psychiatry,1977,134(7):801 -804.
[9] Sirkku L,Esko K.Has the Difference in Accident Patterns between Male and Female Drivers Changed between 1984 and 2000[J].Accident Analysis and Prevention,2004,36(4):577-584.
[10] 蔡娜.女性驾驶人道路交通事故影响因素分析[D].北京:北京工业大学,2010.
[11] 江欣国,章国鹏,柏伟,等.出行主体的相对危险暴露量研究综述[J].西南交通大学学报,2016,51(3):546-552.
[12] 王静龙,梁小筠.定型数据统计分布[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2008.