枣树滴注林果注干杀虫剂后药剂的传导及农药残留分析
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摘要
为确保林果注干杀虫剂在枣树上的应用效果及安全性,以金丝小枣树为试材,通过树干滴注林果注干杀虫剂,于滴注后10 h和1,2,4,7,10,15,21,29,70,85 d,采用高效液相色谱法测定了枣树树冠叶片、枝条木质部和韧皮部中的药剂含量,并于95,105,115,125,135 d测定了果实和叶片中的药剂残留量。结果表明,吡虫啉和阿维菌素在枣树体内具有良好的吸收和传导性能,这两种药剂在枣树叶片、枝条木质部和韧皮部中的含量随时间推移均表现出先上升后下降的趋势,并于用药70 d后趋于稳定;在时间序列上,吡虫啉含量依次出现韧皮部>叶片>木质部(10 h)、叶片>木质部>韧皮部(1～7 d)、木质部>叶片>韧皮部(10 d)、木质部>韧皮部>叶片(15 d)、叶片>韧皮部>木质部(21～85 d)等变化,而阿维菌素含量均表现为叶片最高,木质部和韧皮部由10 h时的含量相同经历了韧皮部>木质部(1～2 d)、木质部>韧皮部(4～15 d)后又回归到韧皮部>木质部(21～85 d)的趋势;果实中的吡虫啉、阿维菌素残留量分别于药后95 d和105 d时低于国家最大残留限量标准,药后125 d,这两种药剂在枣果中均未检出,但此时叶片中残留量仍在0.60 mg·kg-1以上,说明滴注后药剂在叶片中残留时间较长、残留量较大,可有效防治食叶类害虫。
In order to ensure the effect and safety of instilling pesticide on jujube tree trunk, the golden jujube tree was used as the test material and the pesticide was injected through the trunk,then the pesticide content in leaves, branches xylem and phloem at 10 h and 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 15, 21, 29, 70, 85 d, and the pesticide residues in fruit and leaves at 95, 105, 115, 125, 135 d were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that imidacloprid and avermectin had good absorption and conduction properties in jujube trees, which the content of the two agents in different jujube leaves, xylem and phloem showed a trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing, and stabilizing after 70 days of treatment. In the time series, the imidacloprid content showed that phloem >leaf >xylem(10 h), leaf >xylem >phloem(1 ～7 d), xylem >leaf >phloem(10 d), xylem >phloem >leaf(15 d), leaf >phloem >xylem(21 ～85 d), while the avermectin content showed that leaf >phloem =xylem(10 h), leaf >phloem >xylem(1 ～2 d), leaf >xylem >phloem(4～15 d), and leaf>phloem>xylem(21～85 d). The residual amount of imidacloprid and avermectin in the fruits were lower than the national maximum residue limit at 95 d and 105 d. The two agents were not detected in the jujube but the residual amount in the leaves was still above 0.60 mg·kg-1 at 125 d, indicating that the pesticide residues had a longer time and the residual amount was larger in the leaves after the instillation, which could prevent the leaf-feeding pests effectively.
In order to ensure the effect and safety of instilling pesticide on jujube tree trunk, the golden jujube tree was used as the test material and the pesticide was injected through the trunk,then the pesticide content in leaves, branches xylem and phloem at 10 h and 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 15, 21, 29, 70, 85 d, and the pesticide residues in fruit and leaves at 95, 105, 115, 125, 135 d were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that imidacloprid and avermectin had good absorption and conduction properties in jujube trees, which the content of the two agents in different jujube leaves, xylem and phloem showed a trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing, and stabilizing after 70 days of treatment. In the time series, the imidacloprid content showed that phloem >leaf >xylem(10 h), leaf >xylem >phloem(1 ～7 d), xylem >leaf >phloem(10 d), xylem >phloem >leaf(15 d), leaf >phloem >xylem(21 ～85 d), while the avermectin content showed that leaf >phloem =xylem(10 h), leaf >phloem >xylem(1 ～2 d), leaf >xylem >phloem(4～15 d), and leaf>phloem>xylem(21～85 d). The residual amount of imidacloprid and avermectin in the fruits were lower than the national maximum residue limit at 95 d and 105 d. The two agents were not detected in the jujube but the residual amount in the leaves was still above 0.60 mg·kg-1 at 125 d, indicating that the pesticide residues had a longer time and the residual amount was larger in the leaves after the instillation, which could prevent the leaf-feeding pests effectively.
引文
[1]田鹏鹏.树干注射吡虫啉在树体内的吸收传导分布研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2008.
[2]唐光辉.一种新型杀虫注干液剂的研制与应用基础研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2007.
[3]唐光辉,孙平平,翟梅枝,等.树干注药后吡虫啉在核桃组织中的分布动态研究响[J].农药学学报,2008,10(2):232-235.
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[5]潘云轩,宋汉林,彭佳佳,等.树干注射在园林树木养护中的应用研究[J].湖北农业科学,2018,57(1):78-82.
[6]华小平.树木病虫害防治树干注射施药技术的应用[J].农业开发与装备,2016(10):188.
[7]李旭.注射施药技术防治树干病虫害的应用分析[J].南方农业,2015,9(33):74-75.
[8]李玉平,王振亮,邵学红,等.不同药剂不同浓度树干滴注防治枣树主要害虫的试验[J].河北林业科技,2017(9):4-6.
[9]高洁.基于树干注射法的三种药剂对枣树害虫的防治效果[J].北方园艺,2017(1):130-134.
[10]COWLES R S,MONTGOMERY M E,CHENAH C A.Activity and residues of imidacloprid applied to soil and tree trunks to control hemlock woolly adelgid(Hemiptera:Adelgidae)in forests[J].Journal of economic entomology,2006,99(4):1258-1267.
[11]JAMES R,TISSERAT N,TODD T.Prevention of pine wilt of scots pine(Pinussylvestris)with systemic abamectin injections[J].Arboriculture ubran forestry,2006,32(5):195-201.
[12]张广增,张义飞,丁蕴铮.注干氧化乐果在树木内的传导及效果[J].中国森林病虫,2001(S1):11-13.
[13]贺虹,张翔,王宏建,等.氧化乐果在不同树种体内的输导研究[J].西北林学院学报,2002,17(4):15-18.
[14]王振亮,李玉平,侯军铭,等.树干涂抹吡虫啉、乙酰甲胺磷复配剂在枣树冠内的传导分布[J].河北林业科技,2016(8):13-15.
[15]李开森.林果注干杀虫剂及其制备方法和应用:CN105284864B[P].2017-03-15[2019-04-08].hppt://epub.sipo.gov.cn/pam.action.
[16]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T20769-2008水果和蔬菜中450种农药及相关化学品残留量的测定液相色谱-串联质谱法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[17]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.SN/T0148-2011进出口水果蔬菜中有机磷农药残留量检测方法气相色谱和气相色谱-质谱法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.
[18]国家卫生和计划生育委员会,农业部.GB 27632014食品中农药最大残留限量[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.
[2]唐光辉.一种新型杀虫注干液剂的研制与应用基础研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2007.
[3]唐光辉,孙平平,翟梅枝,等.树干注药后吡虫啉在核桃组织中的分布动态研究响[J].农药学学报,2008,10(2):232-235.
[4]董崭.树干注射后吡虫啉在树体内的输送分布及对槐尺蠖的防治效果研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2008.
[5]潘云轩,宋汉林,彭佳佳,等.树干注射在园林树木养护中的应用研究[J].湖北农业科学,2018,57(1):78-82.
[6]华小平.树木病虫害防治树干注射施药技术的应用[J].农业开发与装备,2016(10):188.
[7]李旭.注射施药技术防治树干病虫害的应用分析[J].南方农业,2015,9(33):74-75.
[8]李玉平,王振亮,邵学红,等.不同药剂不同浓度树干滴注防治枣树主要害虫的试验[J].河北林业科技,2017(9):4-6.
[9]高洁.基于树干注射法的三种药剂对枣树害虫的防治效果[J].北方园艺,2017(1):130-134.
[10]COWLES R S,MONTGOMERY M E,CHENAH C A.Activity and residues of imidacloprid applied to soil and tree trunks to control hemlock woolly adelgid(Hemiptera:Adelgidae)in forests[J].Journal of economic entomology,2006,99(4):1258-1267.
[11]JAMES R,TISSERAT N,TODD T.Prevention of pine wilt of scots pine(Pinussylvestris)with systemic abamectin injections[J].Arboriculture ubran forestry,2006,32(5):195-201.
[12]张广增,张义飞,丁蕴铮.注干氧化乐果在树木内的传导及效果[J].中国森林病虫,2001(S1):11-13.
[13]贺虹,张翔,王宏建,等.氧化乐果在不同树种体内的输导研究[J].西北林学院学报,2002,17(4):15-18.
[14]王振亮,李玉平,侯军铭,等.树干涂抹吡虫啉、乙酰甲胺磷复配剂在枣树冠内的传导分布[J].河北林业科技,2016(8):13-15.
[15]李开森.林果注干杀虫剂及其制备方法和应用:CN105284864B[P].2017-03-15[2019-04-08].hppt://epub.sipo.gov.cn/pam.action.
[16]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T20769-2008水果和蔬菜中450种农药及相关化学品残留量的测定液相色谱-串联质谱法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[17]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.SN/T0148-2011进出口水果蔬菜中有机磷农药残留量检测方法气相色谱和气相色谱-质谱法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.
[18]国家卫生和计划生育委员会,农业部.GB 27632014食品中农药最大残留限量[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.