楼梯位置对高校宿舍楼人员疏散安全性影响研究
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摘要
选取某典型内廊式女生宿舍楼为研究实例,依据最不利原则设置4个典型火灾场景,利用PyroSim模拟火灾烟气运动过程,对烟气层高度、温度、能见度进行定量分析,得出各场景可用安全疏散时间;利用Pathfinder模拟火灾场景下人员疏散行动过程,得到必需安全疏散时间。结果表明,该宿舍楼各个楼梯承载人流量不均、个别楼梯拥堵瓶颈严重,人员疏散时间较长。调整一部楼梯位置优化人员疏散,着火层人员疏散时间缩短17.0 s,疏散安全性显著提高。
A typical porch type female dormitory building was selected as an example, according to the most unfavorable principle,4 typical fire scenes were set up, PyroSim was used to simulate the process of fire smoke movement, and the height of smoke layer,temperature and visibility were analyzed quantitatively. On this basis, available safety egress time of each scene can be obtained. Using Pathfinder to simulate evacuation process in fire scenario, required safety egress time was obtained. The results showed that the flow rate of the staircase is uneven, the bottleneck of individual staircases is serious, and the evacuation time is longer. Finally,the position of a staircase was adjusted, the evacuation time of the fire layer was shortened by 17.0 s, and the evacuation safety was significantly improved.
A typical porch type female dormitory building was selected as an example, according to the most unfavorable principle,4 typical fire scenes were set up, PyroSim was used to simulate the process of fire smoke movement, and the height of smoke layer,temperature and visibility were analyzed quantitatively. On this basis, available safety egress time of each scene can be obtained. Using Pathfinder to simulate evacuation process in fire scenario, required safety egress time was obtained. The results showed that the flow rate of the staircase is uneven, the bottleneck of individual staircases is serious, and the evacuation time is longer. Finally,the position of a staircase was adjusted, the evacuation time of the fire layer was shortened by 17.0 s, and the evacuation safety was significantly improved.
引文
[1]王丽,曾坚,任常兴.基于FDS+EVAC的某高校学生宿舍楼火灾疏散能力的研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2018,14(1):136-142.
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[2]徐艳秋,王振东.基于Pathfinder和FDS的火场下人员疏散研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2012,8(2):50-54.
[3]霍然,胡源,李元洲.建筑火灾安全工程导论[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2009.
[4]朱杰,夏锐,张立龙,等.某大型体育场馆消防设计性能化评估[J].消防科学与技术,2011,30(5):381-383
[5]程奉梅,朱杰.侧室地铁站台不同通风条件下火灾烟气运动机理[J].消防科学与技术,2016,35(2):197-201
[6]李琳,程平,吴蕾,等.高校学生公寓消防安全疏散[J].消防科学与技术,2010,29(2):122-125.
[7]金润国,毛龙,乐增. FDS与Pathfinder在建筑火灾中与人员疏散中的应用[J].工业安全与环保,2009,35(8):45-50.
[8]范维澄,王清安,姜冯辉.火灾学简明教程[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1995.
[9]梁君海,李霞,林建辉,等.基于PyroSim的高速动车火灾分析[J].重庆理工大学学报(自然科学),2014,28(10):35-37.
[10]尚超,王克印,黄海英,等.基于PyroSim的火灾树木建模研究[J].消防科学与技术,2013,32(9):1030-1033.
[11]李树声.大空间建筑火灾烟气蔓延的数值模拟[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2006.
[12]张议丹,宋文华,常力,等.基于FDS+Evac和Pathfinder的服装厂建筑火灾模拟研究[J].南开大学学报(自然科学版),50(3):91-94.