莱州湾南部胶莱河口潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构特征
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摘要
为了解莱州湾南部胶莱河口潮间带大型底栖动物现状,分别于2016年春季、夏季和秋季对该潮间带大型底栖动物的种类组成、优势种、生物多样性和群落结构特征进行了调查,3次采样共鉴定出大型底栖动物5门28种,其中春季23种,夏季和秋季均为24种。调查结果表明:春、夏、秋3个季节大型底栖动物平均生物量分别为13.77、24.55、18.17 g/m~2,3个季节的大型底栖动物平均丰度分别为38.89、68.49、55.07 ind./m~2;软体动物为主要优势类群,其次是节肢动物;异白樱蛤Macoma incongrua、红明樱蛤Moerella rutila、托氏虫昌螺Umbonium thomas为春季大型底栖动物优势种;夏季和秋季大型底栖动物优势种相同,依次为异白樱蛤、红明樱蛤、托氏虫昌螺和古氏滩栖螺Batillaria cumingi;Shannon-Weiner多样性指数(H')变化范围为2.13~2.55,Pielou均匀度指数(J)变化范围为0.62~0.73,Margalef物种丰富度指数(D)变化范围为1.17~1.35。研究表明,莱州湾南部胶莱河口潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构存在明显的潮区变化,各季节典型种主要有异白樱蛤、红明樱蛤等,分歧种主要有古氏滩栖螺、大竹蛏Solen grandis、薄壳绿螂Glauconome primeana等。
The seasonal variation and community structure of intertidal macrozoobenthos was studied based on the data collected from Jiaolai estuary of south Laizhou Bay in spring(April of 2016),summer(July of 2016)and autumn(October of 2016).A total of 28 species belonging to 5 phyla were found,including Mollusca(19 species),Arthropoda(5 species),Annelida(2 species),Brachiopoda(2 species)and Protozoa(1 species).The average resources were shown to be 13.77 g/m~2in biomass density and 38.89 ind./m~2in number in spring,and 24.55 g/m~2in biomass density and 68.49 ind./m~2in number in summer,and 18.17 g/m~2in biomass density and 55.07 ind./m~2in number in autumn.Mollusca and Arthropoda were the dominant groups,with dominant species Macoma incongrua,Moerella rutila,and Umbonium thomas in spring,and Macoma incongrua,Moerella rutila,Umbonium thomas,and Batillaria cumingi as dominant species both in summer and autumn.The diversity index(H')was ranged from 2.13 to 2.55,the Pielou evenness index(J)from 0.62 to 0.73,and the Margalef species richness index(D)from 1.17 to 1.35.ANOSIM analysis,cluster and NMDS analysis revealed that there was different macrozoobenthic community structure in tide zones in Jiaolai estuary of south Laizhou Bay.The SIMPER analysis indicated that Macoma incongrua and Moerellarutila were the typical species,and Batillaria cumingi,Solen grandis,and Glauconome primeana were the discriminating species.
The seasonal variation and community structure of intertidal macrozoobenthos was studied based on the data collected from Jiaolai estuary of south Laizhou Bay in spring(April of 2016),summer(July of 2016)and autumn(October of 2016).A total of 28 species belonging to 5 phyla were found,including Mollusca(19 species),Arthropoda(5 species),Annelida(2 species),Brachiopoda(2 species)and Protozoa(1 species).The average resources were shown to be 13.77 g/m~2in biomass density and 38.89 ind./m~2in number in spring,and 24.55 g/m~2in biomass density and 68.49 ind./m~2in number in summer,and 18.17 g/m~2in biomass density and 55.07 ind./m~2in number in autumn.Mollusca and Arthropoda were the dominant groups,with dominant species Macoma incongrua,Moerella rutila,and Umbonium thomas in spring,and Macoma incongrua,Moerella rutila,Umbonium thomas,and Batillaria cumingi as dominant species both in summer and autumn.The diversity index(H')was ranged from 2.13 to 2.55,the Pielou evenness index(J)from 0.62 to 0.73,and the Margalef species richness index(D)from 1.17 to 1.35.ANOSIM analysis,cluster and NMDS analysis revealed that there was different macrozoobenthic community structure in tide zones in Jiaolai estuary of south Laizhou Bay.The SIMPER analysis indicated that Macoma incongrua and Moerellarutila were the typical species,and Batillaria cumingi,Solen grandis,and Glauconome primeana were the discriminating species.
引文
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[9]周红,张志南.大型多元统计软件PRIMER的方法原理及其在底栖群落生态学中的应用[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2003,33(1):58-64.
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[13]马藏允,刘海,王惠卿,等.底栖生物群落结构变化多元变量统计分析[J].中国环境科学,1997,17(4):297-300.
[14]陈强,郭行磐,周轩,等.长江口及其邻近水域滩涂底栖动物多样性的研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2016,31(1):103-108.
[15]林颂.小清河口及邻近海域沉积环境特征及底栖生境质量评价[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2015.
[16] Juario J V.Nematode species composition and seasonal fluctuation of a sublittoral meiofauna community in the German Bight[J].Veroff Inest Meeresforsch Bremerh,1975,11(2):153-159.
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[19]冷宇,张守本,刘一霆,等.昌邑海洋生态特别保护区潮间带大型底栖动物时空分布特征[J].中国环境监测,2014,30(2):164-169.
[20]袁兴中.河口潮滩湿地底栖动物群落的生态学研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2001.
[21]杨万喜,陈永寿.嵊泗列岛潮间带群落生态学研究Ⅲ.岩相潮间带底栖生物的种类分布[J].海洋学研究,1999,17(1):60-65.
[22]仇建标,彭欣,谢起浪,等.洞头列岛潮间带大型底栖生物的时空分布及其多样性[J].水产学报,2012,36(4):608-614.
[23]张志南,林岿旋,周红,等.东、黄海春秋季小型底栖生物丰度和生物量研究[J].生态学报,2004,24(5):997-1005.
[24]李新正,于海燕,王永强,等.胶州湾大型底栖动物的物种多样性现状[J].生物多样性,2001,9(1):80-84.
[25]蔡立哲,马丽,高阳,等.海洋底栖动物多样性指数污染程度评价标准的分析[J].厦门大学学报:自然版,2002,41(5):641-646.
[26]施华宏.滨海采捕对岸带生物资源的影响及管理对策[J].海洋开发与管理,2001,18(2):32-34.
[2] Sokoowski A,Woowicz M,Asmus H,et al. Is benthic food web structure related to diversity of marine macrobenthic communities?[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2012,108:76-86.
[3] Thorin S,Radureau A,Feunteun E,et al.Preliminary results on a high east-west gradient in the macrozoobenthic community structure of the macrotidal Mont Saint-Michel bay[J]. Continental Shelf Research,2001,21(18-19):2167-2183.
[4]赵永强,曾江宁,高爱根,等.椒江口滩涂大型底栖动物群落格局与多样性[J].生物多样性,2009,17(3):303-309.
[5]王宝强,薛俊增,庄骅,等.洋山港潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性[J].生态学报,2011,31(20):5865-5874.
[6]高昊东,罗新正,孙万龙,等.莱州湾胶莱河口潮间带大型底栖动物群落生态学研究[J].齐鲁渔业,2011(2):1-6.
[7]顾炎斌,宋文豪,姚韡远,等.东营市河口区潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构特征[J].海洋环境科学,2013,32(5):702-706.
[8]国家质量技术监督局发布.GB 17378.7-1998海洋监测规范第7部分:近海污染生态调查和生物监测[M].北京:中国标准出版社,1998.
[9]周红,张志南.大型多元统计软件PRIMER的方法原理及其在底栖群落生态学中的应用[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2003,33(1):58-64.
[10]徐兆礼,陈亚瞿.东黄海秋季浮游动物优势种聚集强度与鲐鲹渔场的关系[J].生态学杂志,1989,8(4):13-15.
[11] Khalaf M A,Kochzius M.Changes in trophic community structure of shore fishes at an industrial site in the Gulf of Aqaba,Red Sea[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2002,239(1):287-299.
[12]斯广杰,陈丕茂,杜飞雁,等.深圳杨梅坑人工鱼礁区投礁前后大型底栖动物种类组成的变化[J].大连海洋大学学报,2010,25(3):243-247.
[13]马藏允,刘海,王惠卿,等.底栖生物群落结构变化多元变量统计分析[J].中国环境科学,1997,17(4):297-300.
[14]陈强,郭行磐,周轩,等.长江口及其邻近水域滩涂底栖动物多样性的研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2016,31(1):103-108.
[15]林颂.小清河口及邻近海域沉积环境特征及底栖生境质量评价[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2015.
[16] Juario J V.Nematode species composition and seasonal fluctuation of a sublittoral meiofauna community in the German Bight[J].Veroff Inest Meeresforsch Bremerh,1975,11(2):153-159.
[17]卓异,蔡立哲,郭涛,等.泉州湾蟳埔潮间带大型底栖动物群落的时空分布[J].生态学报,2014,34(5):1244-1252.
[18] Giliarov A M. Information theory in ecology[J]. Computers&Chemistry,2001,25(4):393-399.
[19]冷宇,张守本,刘一霆,等.昌邑海洋生态特别保护区潮间带大型底栖动物时空分布特征[J].中国环境监测,2014,30(2):164-169.
[20]袁兴中.河口潮滩湿地底栖动物群落的生态学研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2001.
[21]杨万喜,陈永寿.嵊泗列岛潮间带群落生态学研究Ⅲ.岩相潮间带底栖生物的种类分布[J].海洋学研究,1999,17(1):60-65.
[22]仇建标,彭欣,谢起浪,等.洞头列岛潮间带大型底栖生物的时空分布及其多样性[J].水产学报,2012,36(4):608-614.
[23]张志南,林岿旋,周红,等.东、黄海春秋季小型底栖生物丰度和生物量研究[J].生态学报,2004,24(5):997-1005.
[24]李新正,于海燕,王永强,等.胶州湾大型底栖动物的物种多样性现状[J].生物多样性,2001,9(1):80-84.
[25]蔡立哲,马丽,高阳,等.海洋底栖动物多样性指数污染程度评价标准的分析[J].厦门大学学报:自然版,2002,41(5):641-646.
[26]施华宏.滨海采捕对岸带生物资源的影响及管理对策[J].海洋开发与管理,2001,18(2):32-34.