食物中多不饱和脂肪酸在家蝇幼虫体内的富集与代谢及对其生长的影响
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摘要
【目的】阐明家蝇Musca domestica幼虫对食物中各种多不饱和脂肪酸的富集能力以及代谢转化情况,并探究各种多不饱和脂肪酸对家蝇幼虫生长的影响。【方法】在基础饲料中添加不同浓度(3%, 6%和12%)的多不饱和脂肪酸(亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸)饲养经过脱脂传代培养的家蝇幼虫;提取家蝇幼虫的总脂肪酸,利用气相色谱仪进行检测和分析;测定统计幼虫体重,以分析多不饱和脂肪酸对家蝇幼虫生长的影响。【结果】亚油酸、α-亚麻酸和花生四烯酸在家蝇幼虫体内均能被富集,且它们的富集程度随着食物中多不饱和脂肪酸的添加浓度的升高而增加,其中亚油酸、α-亚麻酸和花生四烯酸在幼虫体内富集的最高含量(占体内总脂肪酸的比例)分别为21.93%, 16.13%和9.68%,而二十二碳六烯酸不能在家蝇幼虫体内富集,提示家蝇幼虫食物中添加的各种多不饱和脂肪酸经过代谢后并没有在其体内产生新的脂肪酸,而食物中添加的二十二碳六烯酸在家蝇幼虫体内被分解代谢后消除。饲喂α-亚麻酸及花生四烯酸后家蝇幼虫体重增长较为明显,其中6%α-亚麻酸添加组的幼虫体重显著高于对照组(取食脱脂饲料)和3%和12%α-亚麻酸添加组,3%和6%花生四烯酸添加组的幼虫体重显著高于对照组和12%花生四烯酸添加组。【结论】家蝇幼虫体内能够从食物中富集部分多不饱和脂肪酸,多不饱和脂肪酸碳链越长其富集程度越低直至不能富集,富集的多不饱和脂肪酸对家蝇幼虫生长有不同程度的影响。
【Aim】 To clarify the accumulation and metabolic transformation of various polyunsaturated fatty acids in food by Musca domestica larvae, and to explore the effects of various polyunsaturated fatty acids on the growth of M. domestica larvae. 【Methods】 Different concentrations(3%, 6% and 12%) of polyunsaturated fatty acids(linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) were added to the basic diet to feed the M. domestica larvae which had been defatted and subcultured for generations, the total fatty acids of M. domestica larvae fed on the feed were extracted, detected and analyzed by gas chromatography, and the body weight of the larvae was detected to assess the effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the growth of M. domestia larvae. 【Results】 Linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid were enriched in M. domestica larvae, and their enrichment degree increased with the increase of the concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids in food. The highest concentrations(the proportion in total fatty acids) of linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid enriched in larvae were 21.93%, 16.13% and 9.68%, respectively, while docosahexaenoic acid could not be enriched in M. domestica larvae, suggesting that polyunsaturated fatty acids added to the larvae of M. domestica have been metabolized without production of new fatty acids in their bodies, while docosahexaenoic acid from food is eliminated after catabolism. The body weight of M. domestica larvae was significantly increased after feeding on diets containing alpha-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid. The larval weight in the 6% alpha-linolenic acid added group was significantly higher than that in the control group(larvae feeding on defatted culture) and 3% and 12% alpha-linolenic acid added groups, and the larval weight in the 3% and 6% arachidonic acid added groups was significantly higher than that in the control group and 12% arachidonic acid added group. 【Conclusion】 M. domestica larvae can enrich some polyunsaturated fatty acids from food. The longer the carbon chain of polyunsaturated fatty acids, the lower the degree of enrichment of polyunsaturated fatty acids until they can not be enriched. The enriched polyunsaturated fatty acids have influences on the growth of M. domestica larvae in different degrees.
【Aim】 To clarify the accumulation and metabolic transformation of various polyunsaturated fatty acids in food by Musca domestica larvae, and to explore the effects of various polyunsaturated fatty acids on the growth of M. domestica larvae. 【Methods】 Different concentrations(3%, 6% and 12%) of polyunsaturated fatty acids(linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) were added to the basic diet to feed the M. domestica larvae which had been defatted and subcultured for generations, the total fatty acids of M. domestica larvae fed on the feed were extracted, detected and analyzed by gas chromatography, and the body weight of the larvae was detected to assess the effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the growth of M. domestia larvae. 【Results】 Linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid were enriched in M. domestica larvae, and their enrichment degree increased with the increase of the concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids in food. The highest concentrations(the proportion in total fatty acids) of linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid enriched in larvae were 21.93%, 16.13% and 9.68%, respectively, while docosahexaenoic acid could not be enriched in M. domestica larvae, suggesting that polyunsaturated fatty acids added to the larvae of M. domestica have been metabolized without production of new fatty acids in their bodies, while docosahexaenoic acid from food is eliminated after catabolism. The body weight of M. domestica larvae was significantly increased after feeding on diets containing alpha-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid. The larval weight in the 6% alpha-linolenic acid added group was significantly higher than that in the control group(larvae feeding on defatted culture) and 3% and 12% alpha-linolenic acid added groups, and the larval weight in the 3% and 6% arachidonic acid added groups was significantly higher than that in the control group and 12% arachidonic acid added group. 【Conclusion】 M. domestica larvae can enrich some polyunsaturated fatty acids from food. The longer the carbon chain of polyunsaturated fatty acids, the lower the degree of enrichment of polyunsaturated fatty acids until they can not be enriched. The enriched polyunsaturated fatty acids have influences on the growth of M. domestica larvae in different degrees.
引文
Connor WE,2000.Importance of n-3 fatty acids in health and disease.Am.J.Clin.Nutr.,71(1):171S-175S.
Eigenheer AL,Young S,Blomquist GJ,Borgeson CE,Tillman JA,Tittiger C,2010.Isolation and molecular characterization of Musca domestica,delta-9 desaturase sequences.Insect Mol.Biol.,11(6):533-542.
Gutierrez E,Wiggins D,Fielding B,Gould AP,2007.Specialized hepatocyte-like cells regulate Drosophila lipid metabolism.Nature,445(7125):275-280.
Hwangbo J,Hong EC,Jang A,Kang HK,Oh JS,Kim BW,2009.Utilization of house fly-maggots,a feed supplement in the production of broiler chickens.J.Environ.Biol.,30(4):609-614.
Kabeya N,Fonseca MM,Ferrier DEK,Navarro JC,Bay LK,Francis DS,2018.Genes for de novo biosynthesis of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are widespread in animals.Sci.Adv.,4(5):eaar6849.
Kang JX,Wang J,2005.A simplified method for analysis of polyunsaturated fatty acids.BMC Biochem.,6:5.
Leaf A,Kang JX,2004.Omega 3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease.World Rev.Nutr.Diet.,328(7436):24-37.
Murakami A,Nagao K,Juni N,Hara Y,Umeda M,2017.An N-terminal di-proline motif is essential for fatty acid-dependent degradation of Δ9-desaturase in Drosophila.J.Biol.Chem.,292(49):19976-19986.
Raksakantong P,Meeso N,Kubola J,Siriamornpun S,2010.Fatty acids and proximate composition of eight Thai edible terricolous insects.Food Res.Int.,43(1):350-355.
Rogers LK,Valentine CJ,Keim SA,2013.DHA supplementation:current implications in pregnancy and childhood.Pharmacol.Res.,70(1):13-19.
Ruden DM,Luca MD,Garfinkel MD,Bynum KL,Lu X,2005.Drosophila nutrigenomics can provide clues to human gene-nutrient interactions.Annu.Rev.Nutr.,25:499-522.
Rumpold BA,Schlüter OK,2013.Nutritional composition and safety aspects of edible insects.Mol.Nutr.Food Res.,57(5):802-823.
Simopoulos AP,1999.Essential fatty acids in health and chronic disease.Am.J.Clin.Nutr.,70(3):560S-569S.
Stanley-Samuelson DW,Pedibhotla VK,1996.What can we learn from prostaglandins and related eicosanoids in insects?Insect Biochem.Molec.Biol.,26(3):223-234.
The FlyBase Consortium,2003.The FlyBase database of the Drosophila genome projects and community literature.Nucleic Acids Res.,31(1):172-175.
Wang DL,Dillwith JW,Ryan RO,Blomquist GJ,Reitz RC,1982.Characterization of the acyl-CoA desaturase in the housefly Musca domestica L.Insect Biochem.,12(5):545-551.
Wang Y,Lin DS,Bolewicz L,Connor WE,2006.The predominance of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the butterfly Morpho peleides before and after metamorphosis.J.Lipid Res.,47(3):530-536.
Wicker-Thomas C,Céline H,Dallerac R,1997.Partial characterization of a fatty acid desaturase gene in Drosophila melanogaster.Insect Biochem.Molec.Biol.,27(11):963-972.
Wysoczański T,Soko?a-Wysoczańska E,P?kala J,Lochyński S,Librowski T,2016.Omega-3 fatty acids and their role in central nervous system-a review.Curr.Med.Chem.,23(8):816-831.
Eigenheer AL,Young S,Blomquist GJ,Borgeson CE,Tillman JA,Tittiger C,2010.Isolation and molecular characterization of Musca domestica,delta-9 desaturase sequences.Insect Mol.Biol.,11(6):533-542.
Gutierrez E,Wiggins D,Fielding B,Gould AP,2007.Specialized hepatocyte-like cells regulate Drosophila lipid metabolism.Nature,445(7125):275-280.
Hwangbo J,Hong EC,Jang A,Kang HK,Oh JS,Kim BW,2009.Utilization of house fly-maggots,a feed supplement in the production of broiler chickens.J.Environ.Biol.,30(4):609-614.
Kabeya N,Fonseca MM,Ferrier DEK,Navarro JC,Bay LK,Francis DS,2018.Genes for de novo biosynthesis of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are widespread in animals.Sci.Adv.,4(5):eaar6849.
Kang JX,Wang J,2005.A simplified method for analysis of polyunsaturated fatty acids.BMC Biochem.,6:5.
Leaf A,Kang JX,2004.Omega 3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease.World Rev.Nutr.Diet.,328(7436):24-37.
Murakami A,Nagao K,Juni N,Hara Y,Umeda M,2017.An N-terminal di-proline motif is essential for fatty acid-dependent degradation of Δ9-desaturase in Drosophila.J.Biol.Chem.,292(49):19976-19986.
Raksakantong P,Meeso N,Kubola J,Siriamornpun S,2010.Fatty acids and proximate composition of eight Thai edible terricolous insects.Food Res.Int.,43(1):350-355.
Rogers LK,Valentine CJ,Keim SA,2013.DHA supplementation:current implications in pregnancy and childhood.Pharmacol.Res.,70(1):13-19.
Ruden DM,Luca MD,Garfinkel MD,Bynum KL,Lu X,2005.Drosophila nutrigenomics can provide clues to human gene-nutrient interactions.Annu.Rev.Nutr.,25:499-522.
Rumpold BA,Schlüter OK,2013.Nutritional composition and safety aspects of edible insects.Mol.Nutr.Food Res.,57(5):802-823.
Simopoulos AP,1999.Essential fatty acids in health and chronic disease.Am.J.Clin.Nutr.,70(3):560S-569S.
Stanley-Samuelson DW,Pedibhotla VK,1996.What can we learn from prostaglandins and related eicosanoids in insects?Insect Biochem.Molec.Biol.,26(3):223-234.
The FlyBase Consortium,2003.The FlyBase database of the Drosophila genome projects and community literature.Nucleic Acids Res.,31(1):172-175.
Wang DL,Dillwith JW,Ryan RO,Blomquist GJ,Reitz RC,1982.Characterization of the acyl-CoA desaturase in the housefly Musca domestica L.Insect Biochem.,12(5):545-551.
Wang Y,Lin DS,Bolewicz L,Connor WE,2006.The predominance of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the butterfly Morpho peleides before and after metamorphosis.J.Lipid Res.,47(3):530-536.
Wicker-Thomas C,Céline H,Dallerac R,1997.Partial characterization of a fatty acid desaturase gene in Drosophila melanogaster.Insect Biochem.Molec.Biol.,27(11):963-972.
Wysoczański T,Soko?a-Wysoczańska E,P?kala J,Lochyński S,Librowski T,2016.Omega-3 fatty acids and their role in central nervous system-a review.Curr.Med.Chem.,23(8):816-831.