起伏地表检波器组合响应
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摘要
在地形条件复杂、干扰波发育的地区,检波器组合接收可以大大提高资料的信噪比。这种组合就是用多个检波器同时接收地震波作为一个地震道的输入,它主要是利用有效波和干扰波传播方向的不同来压制干扰波。根据检波器组合响应的基本原理,将传统的水平面上检波器组合理论推广到起伏地表条件下,主要讨论了起伏地表检波器面积组合的响应情况,并对比了检波器组合滤波后有效波和干扰波的响应。通过分析可知,在地表倾斜的地区,随着倾斜程度的增大,沿上倾方向传来的干扰波压制程度增大,沿下倾方向传来干扰波压制程度减小。用反演方法对检波器组内距进行了优化,在已知检波器组合方向特性的情况下,得到与之匹配的组内距。数值计算表明,检波器组合滤波后的地震资料,有效波的响应明显高于干扰波的响应,信噪比得到很大提高。
Geophone array receiving can greatly improve the signal-to-noise ratio of data in some complex terrain and interference wave development areas.This kind of array uses more than one geophone to receive seismic wave at the same time as the input of a seismic trace.It suppresses interference wave mainly using the difference of the propagation direction between the effective wave and interference wave.We promote combinatorial theory from the plane to the undulating surface based on the theory and method of geophone array.We discusses the response of geophone array in the undulating surface and compared the response of effective wave and interference wave after the geophone array filter.Through the analysis,the suppression degree of interference wave is increased gradually with the increase of tilt when interference wave spreads along the up dip direction in undulating surface area.And the suppression degree of interference wave is increased gradually when interference wave spreads along the down dip direction.At the end of the article,the geophone interval of geophone array was optimizedwith inversion method.In the case of that geophone array direction characteristics are known,we can get the geophone interval that is matched.More numerical calculations shows that the response of effective wave is significantly higher than that of interference wave in geophone array filtered seismic data.
Geophone array receiving can greatly improve the signal-to-noise ratio of data in some complex terrain and interference wave development areas.This kind of array uses more than one geophone to receive seismic wave at the same time as the input of a seismic trace.It suppresses interference wave mainly using the difference of the propagation direction between the effective wave and interference wave.We promote combinatorial theory from the plane to the undulating surface based on the theory and method of geophone array.We discusses the response of geophone array in the undulating surface and compared the response of effective wave and interference wave after the geophone array filter.Through the analysis,the suppression degree of interference wave is increased gradually with the increase of tilt when interference wave spreads along the up dip direction in undulating surface area.And the suppression degree of interference wave is increased gradually when interference wave spreads along the down dip direction.At the end of the article,the geophone interval of geophone array was optimizedwith inversion method.In the case of that geophone array direction characteristics are known,we can get the geophone interval that is matched.More numerical calculations shows that the response of effective wave is significantly higher than that of interference wave in geophone array filtered seismic data.
引文
[1]张智,李飞,黄志芳,等.地震勘探中检波器组合特性研究[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(6):2117-2121.Zhang Zhi,Li Fei,Huang Zhifang,et al.Study on Character of Geophone Array in Seismic Exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics,2009,24(6):2117-2121.
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[14]Vermeer J O G.三维地震勘探设计[M].李培明,何永清,译.北京:石油工业出版社,2008.Vermeer J O G.3-D Seismic Survey Design[M].Translated by Li Peiming,He Yongqing.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008.
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[16]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2001.Lu Jimeng.The Principle of Seismic Exploration[M].Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,2011.
[17]石战结.提高灰岩裸露区地震资料信噪比的地震波接收模式研究[R].杭州:浙江大学,2010.Shi Zhanjie.Study on Seismic Wave Reception Pattern Used to Increase Seismic S/N Ratio in the Limestone Outcrop Areas[R].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2010.
[18]Alhukail A I,Aramco S,Al-Shuhail A A.The Correlation Distance of Incoherent Seismic Noise in Geophone Arrays[J].SEG,2008:6-10.
[19]李庆忠,魏继东.论检波器横向拉开组合的重要性[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(4):375-382.Li Qingzhong,Wei Jidong.Talk About Importance of Cross-Line Array of Geophone on Spread[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(4):375-382.
[20]Dennis J E,More J.A Characterization of Superlinear Convergence and Its Applications to Quasi-Newton Methods[J].Mathematics of Computation,1974,28:549-560.
[21]Dennis J E,More J.Quasi-Newton Methods,Motivation and Theory[J].SIAM Review,1977,19:46-89.
[22]Powell M J D.Quadratic Termination Properties of Minimization Algorithm:PartⅠand PartⅡ[J].Journal of the Institute of Mathematics and Its Applications,1972,10:333-357.
[2]王永刚,段世民,朱兆林,等.复杂地表条件下检波器组合的特性分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(2):126-130.Wang Yonggang,Duan Shimin,Zhu Zhaolin,et al.Characteristic Analysis of Receiver-Array in Complicated Surface Conditions[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(2):126-130.
[3]卢殿龙,罗春波,袁良信,等.伊通复杂断陷盆地地震采集技术[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2010,40(增刊):39-42.Lu Dianlong,Luo Chunbo,Yuan Liangxin,et al.Seismic Acquisition Technology in Yitong Complex Fault Basin[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2010,40(Sup.):39-42.
[4]Parr J O,Mayne H W.A New Method of Pattern Shooting[J].Geophysics,1955,20:539-564.
[5]Rigdon H,Hoover G.Quantitative Selection of Seismic Acquisition Parameters[J].The Leading Edge,1987,6:18-25.
[6]Aldridge D F.Statistically Perturbed Geophone Array Responses[J].Geophysics,1989,54:1306-1317.
[7]Regone C J.Measurement and Identification of 3-D Coherent Noise Generated from Irregular Surface Carbonates[C]//Palaz I,Marfurt K.Carbonate Seismology.Tulsa:SEG,1997:281-306.
[8]Hoffe B H,Bland C H,Manning M P,et al.Analyzing the Effectiveness of Receiver Arrays for Multicomponent Seismic Exploration[J].Geophysics,2002,67:1853-1868.
[9]李强.地震勘探检波器组合低频响应问题研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2005.Li Qiang.Research on the Problem of Low-Frequency of Geophone Array in Seismic Prospecting[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences,2005.
[10]Kerekes K A.Seismic Array Design by Spatial Convolution[J].Geophysics,2001,66(4):1195-1207.
[11]田钢,石战结,Xia Jianghai,等.基于自动安置排列的多道面波分析方法[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2004,34(1):134-137.Tian Gang,Shi Zhanjie,Xia Jianghai,et al.Multichannel Analysis of Surface Wave Method with the Autojuggie[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2004,34(1):134-137.
[12]巩向博,吕庆田,韩立国,等.起伏地表地震波场角度域照明分析[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2013,43(2):611-615.Gong Xiangbo,LüQingtian,Han Liguo,et al.Method of Angle-Domain Illumination Analysis on Rugged Surface[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2013,43(2):611-615.
[13]熊海金.与面积组合等效的检波器线性组合方法[J].石油物探,1987,26(3):80-82.Xiong Haijin.Linear Geophone Array with Nearly the Same Effectiveness of the Areal Ones[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1987,26(3):80-82.
[14]Vermeer J O G.三维地震勘探设计[M].李培明,何永清,译.北京:石油工业出版社,2008.Vermeer J O G.3-D Seismic Survey Design[M].Translated by Li Peiming,He Yongqing.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008.
[15]Craig S M,Genter L R.Geophone Array Formation and Semblance Evaluation[J].Geophysics,2006,71(1):1-8.
[16]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2001.Lu Jimeng.The Principle of Seismic Exploration[M].Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,2011.
[17]石战结.提高灰岩裸露区地震资料信噪比的地震波接收模式研究[R].杭州:浙江大学,2010.Shi Zhanjie.Study on Seismic Wave Reception Pattern Used to Increase Seismic S/N Ratio in the Limestone Outcrop Areas[R].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2010.
[18]Alhukail A I,Aramco S,Al-Shuhail A A.The Correlation Distance of Incoherent Seismic Noise in Geophone Arrays[J].SEG,2008:6-10.
[19]李庆忠,魏继东.论检波器横向拉开组合的重要性[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(4):375-382.Li Qingzhong,Wei Jidong.Talk About Importance of Cross-Line Array of Geophone on Spread[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(4):375-382.
[20]Dennis J E,More J.A Characterization of Superlinear Convergence and Its Applications to Quasi-Newton Methods[J].Mathematics of Computation,1974,28:549-560.
[21]Dennis J E,More J.Quasi-Newton Methods,Motivation and Theory[J].SIAM Review,1977,19:46-89.
[22]Powell M J D.Quadratic Termination Properties of Minimization Algorithm:PartⅠand PartⅡ[J].Journal of the Institute of Mathematics and Its Applications,1972,10:333-357.