应用缩节安(DPC)调控棉花株型的定位定量效应研究
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摘要
缩节安(1,1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride, DPC)是棉花生产中广泛应用的植物生长延缓剂,其调控棉花茎枝生长的定位定量效应尚缺乏系统的量化研究。本研究2013—2014年在田间条件下分别于棉花现蕾期、盛蕾期后、盛花期前、盛花期后和打顶后单次应用不同剂量的DPC,测量了DPC作用有效期内的棉花株高和主茎生长速率,探究了所有主茎节间及所有果节对DPC的响应。结果表明, DPC处理对棉花主茎节间的影响范围为N节(应用DPC时的主茎节)以下1～4个和N节以上0～6个(打顶条件下),对果枝的影响范围为N节以下1～11个和N节以上0～5个,其中N节以下果枝受影响的果节多于N节以上果枝。将盛蕾期后和盛花期前2次应用DPC的效应叠加,其影响范围几乎可以覆盖全部主茎节间(果枝始节以上)和全部果节。DPC应用剂量与其作用强度并不总存在较好的线性关系。DPC的定位定量效应除了与应用时间和剂量有关,还受到温度、降水等环境条件和棉株生物量、源库关系的影响。
The plant growth regulator mepiquat chloride(MC; 1,1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride) has been successfully and worldwide used in cotton production. It has been known that MC application time decides its effect location and MC application rate decides its effect strength. However, there were less detailed information on the location-and quantity-based effects of MC on cotton stem and branches. In the present field study, MC was respectively applied at early squaring stage, after peak squaring stage,before peak blooming stage, after peak blooming stage and post-topping stage with a range of rates. We monitored plant height at three days interval during MC valid period, and measured all internodes of stem and fruiting branches prior to harvest. Under the condition of topping in late July, the overall effectiveness scope of MC(across different application times) on main stem ranged from the fourth internode below the uppermost node(named as N) to the sixth internode above N node. In terms of the effectiveness scope of MC on fruiting branches, it covered the 11 fruiting branches below N node and five branches above N node. In addition, the influenced internodes in most fruiting branches below N node were more than those above N node. When we overlaid the effectiveness scopes of MC application after peak squaring and before peak blooming, the effect was covered almost all internodes of both main stem(above the node of the first fruiting branch) and fruiting branches. Moreover, we found that there was not always a good linear relationship between MC rate and its effective strength. Besides application time and rate, the location-and quantity-based effects of MC may depend on temperature, rainfall, plant biomass and source-sink relationship.
The plant growth regulator mepiquat chloride(MC; 1,1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride) has been successfully and worldwide used in cotton production. It has been known that MC application time decides its effect location and MC application rate decides its effect strength. However, there were less detailed information on the location-and quantity-based effects of MC on cotton stem and branches. In the present field study, MC was respectively applied at early squaring stage, after peak squaring stage,before peak blooming stage, after peak blooming stage and post-topping stage with a range of rates. We monitored plant height at three days interval during MC valid period, and measured all internodes of stem and fruiting branches prior to harvest. Under the condition of topping in late July, the overall effectiveness scope of MC(across different application times) on main stem ranged from the fourth internode below the uppermost node(named as N) to the sixth internode above N node. In terms of the effectiveness scope of MC on fruiting branches, it covered the 11 fruiting branches below N node and five branches above N node. In addition, the influenced internodes in most fruiting branches below N node were more than those above N node. When we overlaid the effectiveness scopes of MC application after peak squaring and before peak blooming, the effect was covered almost all internodes of both main stem(above the node of the first fruiting branch) and fruiting branches. Moreover, we found that there was not always a good linear relationship between MC rate and its effective strength. Besides application time and rate, the location-and quantity-based effects of MC may depend on temperature, rainfall, plant biomass and source-sink relationship.
引文
[1]李丕明,奚惠达,何钟佩,韩碧文.农作物化控栽培工程技术的发展与中国农业现代化前景.北京农业大学学报,1991,17(增刊):1–5.Li P M, Xi H D, He Z P, Han B W. The engineering development of chemically-manipulated crop culture in relation to the prospect of agricultural modernization in china. Acta Agric Univ Pekinensis, 1991, 17(suppl.):1–5(in Chinese with English abstract).
[2]Rademacher W. Growth retardants:effects on gibberellin biosynthesisandothermetabolicpathways.AnnuRevPlantPhysiol Plant Mol Biol, 2000, 51:501–531.
[3]York A C. Cotton cultivar response to mepiquat chloride. Agron J,1983, 75:663–667.
[4]York A C. Response of cotton to mepiquat chloride with varying N rates and plant populations. Agron J, 1983, 75:667–672.
[5]何钟佩,奚惠达,杨秉芳,李丕明,韩碧文. DPC效应的定向、定量诱导及其在棉花丰产栽培中的应用.北京农业大学学报,1984, 10(1):19–28.He Z P, Xi H D, Yang B F, Li P M, Han B W. The key to get good yieldofcottonbyinducingtheresponsetoDPCtowardsa planneddirectionandinplannedstrength.ActaAgricUnivPekinensis, 1984, 10(1):19–28(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]何钟佩,李丕明,奚惠达,李召虎,白玉良.DPC化控技术在棉花上的应用和发展~从防止徒长到系统的定向诱导.北京农业大学学报, 1991, 17(增刊):58–63.He Z P, Li P M, Xi H D, Li Z H, Bai Y L. The using and development of DPC chemical controlling technique in cotton culture.Acta Agric Univ Pekinensis, 1991, 17(suppl.):58–63(in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]Zhao D, Oosterhuis D M. Pix plus and mepiquat chloride effects onphysiology,growth,andyieldoffield-growncotton.JPlant Growth Regul, 2000, 19:415–422.
[8]Pettigrew W T, Johnson J T. Effects of different seeding rates and plantgrowthregulatorsonearlyplantedcotton.JCottonSci,2005, 9:189–198.
[9]Kerby T A. Cotton response to mepiquat chloride. Agron J, 1985,77:515–518.
[10]Reddy V R, Baker D N, Hodges H F. Temperature and mepiquat chloride effects on cotton canopy architecture. Agron J, 1990, 82:190–195.
[11]Gwathmey C O, Craig Jr C C. Managing earliness in cotton with mepiquat type growth regulators. Crop Manag, 2003, 12:1–8.
[12]SiebertJD,StewartAM.Influenceofplantdensityoncotton responsetomepiquatchlorideapplication.AgronJ,2006,98:1634–1639.
[13]何钟佩,陈洪战,李丕明,李召虎.DPC调控棉花氮素追肥时期的复合效应研究.北京农业大学学报,1991,17(增刊):31–37.HeZP,ChenHZ,LiPM,LiZH.Studiesonthecomplexresponse of applying nitrogen at different stage under DPC control.Acta Agric Univ Pekinensis, 1991, 17(suppl.):31–37(in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]李丕明,何钟佩,李召虎.棉花应用缩节安(DPC)化控技术研究概况与进展.作物杂志, 1991,(2):1–3.Li P M, He Z P, Li Z H. Outline and progression about the study ofDPCchemicalcontroloncotton.Crops,1991,(2):1–3(in Chinese).
[15]Ren X M, Zhang L Z, Du M W, Evers J B, van der Werf W, Tian XL,LiZH.Managingmepiquatchlorideandplantdensityfor optimal yield and quality of cotton. Field Crops Res, 2013, 149:1–10.
[16]Yang F Q, Du M W, Tian X L, Eneji A E, Duan L S, Li Z H. Plant growth regulation enhanced potassium uptake and use efficiency in cotton. Field Crops Res, 2014, 163:109–118.
[17]Wilson Jr D G, York A C, Edmisten K L. Narrow-row cotton response to mepiquat chloride. J Cotton Sci, 2007, 11:177–185.
[18]Biles S P, Cothren J T. Flowering and yield response of cotton to application of mepiquat chloride and PGR-IV. Crop Sci, 2001, 41:1834–1837.
[19]McConnell J S, Baker W H, Frizzell B S, Varvil J J. Response of cotton to nitrogen fertilization and earlymultiple applications of mepiquat chloride. J Plant Nutr, 1992, 15:457–468.
[20]Reddy V R, Trent A, Acock B. Mepiquat chloride and irrigation versuscottongrowthanddevelopment.AgronJ,1992,84:930–933.
[21]Nichols S P, Snipes C E, Jones M A. Evaluation of row spacing and mepiquat chloride in cotton. J Cotton Sci, 2003, 7:148–155.
[22]AlkuddsiY,PatilSS,ManjulaSM,PatilBC,NadafHL,Nandihali B S. Association analysis of seed cotton yield componentsandphysiologicalparametersinderivedF1interspecific crosses of cotton. Bioscience Methods, 2013, 4(5):23–33.
[23]Baloch M J, Khan N U, Rajput M A, Jatoi W A, Gul S, Rind I H,Veesar N F. Yield related morphological measures of short duration cotton genotypes. J Anim Plant Sci, 2014, 24:1198–1211.
[24]任晓明.黄淮海棉区适宜机械采收棉田的种植密度和化学调控技术研究.中国农业大学博士学位论文,北京, 2013.RenXM.ManagingPlantDensityandChemicalChontrolfor MechanicalHarvestingintheYellowRiverValley.PhD DissertationofChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Beijing,China,2013(in Chinese with English abstract).
[25]中国农业科学院棉花研究所.中国棉花栽培学.上海:上海科学技术出版社, 2013. pp 125–185.Cotton Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Cultivation of Cotton in China. Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers, 2013. pp 125–185(in Chinese).
[26]Kerby T A, Bourland F M, Hake K D. Physiological rationales in plant monitoring and mapping. In:Stewart J M, Oosterhuis D M,Heitholt J J, Mauney J R, eds. Physiology of Cotton. New York:Springer, 2010. pp 304–317.
[27]ReddyA R, ReddyK R, Hodges HF.Mepiquat chloride(PIX)-inducedchangesinphotosynthesisandgrowthofcotton.Plant Growth Regul, 1996, 20:179–183.
[28]Rosolem C A, Oosterhuis D M, Souza F S D. Cotton response to mepiquat chloride and temperature. Sci Agric, 2013, 70:82–87.
[29]YeatesSJ,ConstableGA,Mc CumstieT.Developingmanagement options for mepiquat chloride in tropical winter season cotton. Field Crops Res, 2002, 74:217–230.
[30]HodgesHF,ReddyVR,ReddyKR.Mepiquatchlorideand temperatureeffectsonphotosynthesisandrespirationoffruiting cotton. Crop Sci, 1991, 31:1301–1308.
[31]Guthrie D, Landivar J, Munier D, Stichler C, Weir B. Pix application strategies. Memphis, TN:National Cotton Council of America, 1995[2018-12-26].http://www.leadership.cotton.org/tech/physiology/cpt/Growth/upload/CPT-May June95-REPOP.pdf
[32]Landivar J A, Zypman S, Lawlor D J, Vasek J, Crenshaw C. The use of an estimated plant Pix concentration for the determination of timing and rate of application. In:Herber D J, Richter D A, eds.1992 Beltwide Cotton Conference.Memphis,TN:National Cotton Council of America, 1992. pp 1047–1049.
[33]LivingstonSD,StichlerCR,LandivarJA.Usingmepiquat chloride on the Texas Coast to reduce cotton plant height. Texas:TheTexasA&MUniversitySytem,1996[2018-12-26].http://www.soilcropandmore.info/crops/CottonInformation/Production/b6042.pdf
[34]赵文超.黄河流域棉区棉花缩节安(DPC)定位定量及与其他因素的互作效应的研究.中国农业大学博士学位论文,北京,2017.Zhao W C. Study on Location Detection and Quantitative Effect ofMepiquatChlorideandItsInteractionwithOtherFactorson Cotton in the Yellow River Valley of China. PhD Dissertation of ChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Beijing,China,2017(inChinese with English abstract).
[2]Rademacher W. Growth retardants:effects on gibberellin biosynthesisandothermetabolicpathways.AnnuRevPlantPhysiol Plant Mol Biol, 2000, 51:501–531.
[3]York A C. Cotton cultivar response to mepiquat chloride. Agron J,1983, 75:663–667.
[4]York A C. Response of cotton to mepiquat chloride with varying N rates and plant populations. Agron J, 1983, 75:667–672.
[5]何钟佩,奚惠达,杨秉芳,李丕明,韩碧文. DPC效应的定向、定量诱导及其在棉花丰产栽培中的应用.北京农业大学学报,1984, 10(1):19–28.He Z P, Xi H D, Yang B F, Li P M, Han B W. The key to get good yieldofcottonbyinducingtheresponsetoDPCtowardsa planneddirectionandinplannedstrength.ActaAgricUnivPekinensis, 1984, 10(1):19–28(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]何钟佩,李丕明,奚惠达,李召虎,白玉良.DPC化控技术在棉花上的应用和发展~从防止徒长到系统的定向诱导.北京农业大学学报, 1991, 17(增刊):58–63.He Z P, Li P M, Xi H D, Li Z H, Bai Y L. The using and development of DPC chemical controlling technique in cotton culture.Acta Agric Univ Pekinensis, 1991, 17(suppl.):58–63(in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]Zhao D, Oosterhuis D M. Pix plus and mepiquat chloride effects onphysiology,growth,andyieldoffield-growncotton.JPlant Growth Regul, 2000, 19:415–422.
[8]Pettigrew W T, Johnson J T. Effects of different seeding rates and plantgrowthregulatorsonearlyplantedcotton.JCottonSci,2005, 9:189–198.
[9]Kerby T A. Cotton response to mepiquat chloride. Agron J, 1985,77:515–518.
[10]Reddy V R, Baker D N, Hodges H F. Temperature and mepiquat chloride effects on cotton canopy architecture. Agron J, 1990, 82:190–195.
[11]Gwathmey C O, Craig Jr C C. Managing earliness in cotton with mepiquat type growth regulators. Crop Manag, 2003, 12:1–8.
[12]SiebertJD,StewartAM.Influenceofplantdensityoncotton responsetomepiquatchlorideapplication.AgronJ,2006,98:1634–1639.
[13]何钟佩,陈洪战,李丕明,李召虎.DPC调控棉花氮素追肥时期的复合效应研究.北京农业大学学报,1991,17(增刊):31–37.HeZP,ChenHZ,LiPM,LiZH.Studiesonthecomplexresponse of applying nitrogen at different stage under DPC control.Acta Agric Univ Pekinensis, 1991, 17(suppl.):31–37(in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]李丕明,何钟佩,李召虎.棉花应用缩节安(DPC)化控技术研究概况与进展.作物杂志, 1991,(2):1–3.Li P M, He Z P, Li Z H. Outline and progression about the study ofDPCchemicalcontroloncotton.Crops,1991,(2):1–3(in Chinese).
[15]Ren X M, Zhang L Z, Du M W, Evers J B, van der Werf W, Tian XL,LiZH.Managingmepiquatchlorideandplantdensityfor optimal yield and quality of cotton. Field Crops Res, 2013, 149:1–10.
[16]Yang F Q, Du M W, Tian X L, Eneji A E, Duan L S, Li Z H. Plant growth regulation enhanced potassium uptake and use efficiency in cotton. Field Crops Res, 2014, 163:109–118.
[17]Wilson Jr D G, York A C, Edmisten K L. Narrow-row cotton response to mepiquat chloride. J Cotton Sci, 2007, 11:177–185.
[18]Biles S P, Cothren J T. Flowering and yield response of cotton to application of mepiquat chloride and PGR-IV. Crop Sci, 2001, 41:1834–1837.
[19]McConnell J S, Baker W H, Frizzell B S, Varvil J J. Response of cotton to nitrogen fertilization and earlymultiple applications of mepiquat chloride. J Plant Nutr, 1992, 15:457–468.
[20]Reddy V R, Trent A, Acock B. Mepiquat chloride and irrigation versuscottongrowthanddevelopment.AgronJ,1992,84:930–933.
[21]Nichols S P, Snipes C E, Jones M A. Evaluation of row spacing and mepiquat chloride in cotton. J Cotton Sci, 2003, 7:148–155.
[22]AlkuddsiY,PatilSS,ManjulaSM,PatilBC,NadafHL,Nandihali B S. Association analysis of seed cotton yield componentsandphysiologicalparametersinderivedF1interspecific crosses of cotton. Bioscience Methods, 2013, 4(5):23–33.
[23]Baloch M J, Khan N U, Rajput M A, Jatoi W A, Gul S, Rind I H,Veesar N F. Yield related morphological measures of short duration cotton genotypes. J Anim Plant Sci, 2014, 24:1198–1211.
[24]任晓明.黄淮海棉区适宜机械采收棉田的种植密度和化学调控技术研究.中国农业大学博士学位论文,北京, 2013.RenXM.ManagingPlantDensityandChemicalChontrolfor MechanicalHarvestingintheYellowRiverValley.PhD DissertationofChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Beijing,China,2013(in Chinese with English abstract).
[25]中国农业科学院棉花研究所.中国棉花栽培学.上海:上海科学技术出版社, 2013. pp 125–185.Cotton Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Cultivation of Cotton in China. Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers, 2013. pp 125–185(in Chinese).
[26]Kerby T A, Bourland F M, Hake K D. Physiological rationales in plant monitoring and mapping. In:Stewart J M, Oosterhuis D M,Heitholt J J, Mauney J R, eds. Physiology of Cotton. New York:Springer, 2010. pp 304–317.
[27]ReddyA R, ReddyK R, Hodges HF.Mepiquat chloride(PIX)-inducedchangesinphotosynthesisandgrowthofcotton.Plant Growth Regul, 1996, 20:179–183.
[28]Rosolem C A, Oosterhuis D M, Souza F S D. Cotton response to mepiquat chloride and temperature. Sci Agric, 2013, 70:82–87.
[29]YeatesSJ,ConstableGA,Mc CumstieT.Developingmanagement options for mepiquat chloride in tropical winter season cotton. Field Crops Res, 2002, 74:217–230.
[30]HodgesHF,ReddyVR,ReddyKR.Mepiquatchlorideand temperatureeffectsonphotosynthesisandrespirationoffruiting cotton. Crop Sci, 1991, 31:1301–1308.
[31]Guthrie D, Landivar J, Munier D, Stichler C, Weir B. Pix application strategies. Memphis, TN:National Cotton Council of America, 1995[2018-12-26].http://www.leadership.cotton.org/tech/physiology/cpt/Growth/upload/CPT-May June95-REPOP.pdf
[32]Landivar J A, Zypman S, Lawlor D J, Vasek J, Crenshaw C. The use of an estimated plant Pix concentration for the determination of timing and rate of application. In:Herber D J, Richter D A, eds.1992 Beltwide Cotton Conference.Memphis,TN:National Cotton Council of America, 1992. pp 1047–1049.
[33]LivingstonSD,StichlerCR,LandivarJA.Usingmepiquat chloride on the Texas Coast to reduce cotton plant height. Texas:TheTexasA&MUniversitySytem,1996[2018-12-26].http://www.soilcropandmore.info/crops/CottonInformation/Production/b6042.pdf
[34]赵文超.黄河流域棉区棉花缩节安(DPC)定位定量及与其他因素的互作效应的研究.中国农业大学博士学位论文,北京,2017.Zhao W C. Study on Location Detection and Quantitative Effect ofMepiquatChlorideandItsInteractionwithOtherFactorson Cotton in the Yellow River Valley of China. PhD Dissertation of ChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Beijing,China,2017(inChinese with English abstract).