环路热管烧结毛细芯的抽吸特性
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摘要
为提高环路热管毛细芯的抽吸特性,以球形铜粉为原料,Na_2CO_3为造孔剂烧结制备了不同规格的毛细芯,通过红外成像记录工质爬升过程的方法,研究了造孔剂添加比例和铜粉颗粒直径对毛细芯抽吸特性的影响。结果表明铜粉颗粒直径d对毛细芯的抽吸特性具有显著影响,当不添加造孔剂时,工质在毛细芯中的爬升高度和速度随着d的增大而增大。当添加一定比例(b)的造孔剂后,毛细芯的抽吸特性发生明显改变。在爬升过程初始阶段,工质的爬升高度与速度随着b的增加而增加;随着爬升过程的进行,工质在b适中的毛细芯中的爬升高度逐渐成为最大值。同时,发现随着d的增加,最大爬升高度所对应的造孔剂添加比例不断下降,存在颗粒直径与造孔剂添加比例的最佳匹配关系,并相应地推导出了爬升高度、颗粒直径、造孔剂添加比例之间的实验关联式。
Different porous wicks for loop heat pipes were sintered using copper powder as a raw material and Na_2CO_3 as a pore forming agent to improve their capillary pumping characteristics. The risen meniscus test was conducted by an infrared imaging method to investigate the effects of Na_2CO_3 proportion and copper powder diameter on capillary pumping characteristics. The results show that when Na_2CO_3 is not added, the wetted height and rising velocity of working fluids within wicks increase with the increase of copper powder diameter. The capillary pumping characteristics change with the addition of Na_2CO_3. The wetted height and rising velocity increase with the increase of Na_2CO_3 proportion initially, and then the maximum wetted height appears in wicks with moderate Na_2CO_3 proportion. Moreover, with the increase of copper powder diameter, the wicks with less Na_2CO_3 proportion show the maximum wetted height, and there exists an optimal "Na_2CO_3proportion-copper powder diameter" ratio. A correlation equation was proposed considering wetted height, Na_2CO_3 proportion and copper powder diameter.
Different porous wicks for loop heat pipes were sintered using copper powder as a raw material and Na_2CO_3 as a pore forming agent to improve their capillary pumping characteristics. The risen meniscus test was conducted by an infrared imaging method to investigate the effects of Na_2CO_3 proportion and copper powder diameter on capillary pumping characteristics. The results show that when Na_2CO_3 is not added, the wetted height and rising velocity of working fluids within wicks increase with the increase of copper powder diameter. The capillary pumping characteristics change with the addition of Na_2CO_3. The wetted height and rising velocity increase with the increase of Na_2CO_3 proportion initially, and then the maximum wetted height appears in wicks with moderate Na_2CO_3 proportion. Moreover, with the increase of copper powder diameter, the wicks with less Na_2CO_3 proportion show the maximum wetted height, and there exists an optimal "Na_2CO_3proportion-copper powder diameter" ratio. A correlation equation was proposed considering wetted height, Na_2CO_3 proportion and copper powder diameter.
引文
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[13]Yeh C C,Chen C N,Chen Y M.Heat transfer analysis of a loop heat pipe with biporous wicks[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2009,52(19/20):4426-4434.
[14]Berti L F,Santos P H D,Bazzo E,et al.Evaluation of permeability of ceramic wick structures for two phase heat transfer devices[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2011,31(6/7):1076-1081.
[15]Popa C,Okayasu Y,Katsumata K,et al.Capillary rise properties of porous mullite ceramics prepared by an extrusion method with various diameters of fiber pore formers[J].Journal of Materials Science,2013,48(2):941-947.
[16]XU Ji-yuan(徐计元),ZOU Yong(邹勇),CHENG Lin(程林).Control of pore parameters and influence on capillary pumping performance of sintered nickel wicks(烧结镍毛细芯的孔参数控制及其对抽吸性能的影响)[J].CIESC Journal(化工学报),2012,63(2):463-469.
[17]Li J W,Zou Y,Cheng L,et al.Effect of fabricating parameters on properties of sintered porous wicks for loop heat pipe[J].Powder Technology,2010,204(2/3):241-248.
[18]Dominguez Espinosa F A,Peters T B,Brisson J G.Effect of fabrication parameters on the thermophysical properties of sintered wicks for heat pipe applications[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2012,55(25/26):7471-7486.
[19]Tang Y,Deng D X,Lu L S,et al.Experimental investigation on capillary force of composite wick structure by IR thermal imaging camera[J].Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science,2010,34(2):190-196.
[2]QU Jian(屈健),WU Hui-ying(吴慧英).Experimental investigation on the heat transfer performance of a pulsating heat pipe charged with water/FC-72 nanoemulsion fluids(水/FC-72纳米乳液振荡热管传热特性研究)[J].Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities(高校化学工程学报),2012,26(2):210-215.
[3]Maydanik Y F,Vershinin S V,Korukov M A,et al.Miniature loop heat pipes-a promising means for cooling electronics[J].IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies,2005,28(2):290-296.
[4]YAN Tao(闫涛),LIANG Jing-tao(梁惊涛).A cryogenic loop heat pipe with actively controllable operating temperature(一种可主动控制工作温度的低温回路热管)[J].Journal of Astronautics(宇航学报),2010,31(9):2218-2222.
[5]Wang D D,Liu Z C,Shen J,et al.Experimental study of the loop heat pipe with a flat disk-shaped evaporator[J].Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science,2014,57:157-164.
[6]XUE Qiang(薛强),JI Xian-bing(纪献兵),Abanda Aime Marthial,et al.Heat transfer performance of air cooling type loop heat pipe with compressed foam metal as capillary layers(泡沫金属作为毛细层的风冷型平板环路热管传热性能研究)[J].Proceedings of the CSEE(中国电机工程学报),2012,32(32):58-63.
[7]Santos P H D,Bazzo E,Oliveira A A M.Thermal performance and capillary limit of a ceramic wick applied to LHP and CPL[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2012,41:92-103.
[8]LI Qiang(李强),ZHOU Hai-ying(周海迎),XUAN Yi-min(宣益民).Investigation on heat transfer characteristics of composite capillary evaporator(复合结构毛细蒸发器传热特性研究)[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics(工程热物理学报),2008,29(1):148-150.
[9]Celata G P,Cumo M,Furrer M.Experimental tests of a stainless steel loop heat pipe with flat evaporator[J].Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science,2010,34(7):866-878.
[10]Byon C,Kim S J.Capillary performance of bi-porous sintered metal wicks[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2012,55(15/16):4096-4103.
[11]Deng D X,Tang Y,Huang G H,et al.Characterization of capillary performance of composite wicks for two-phase heat transfer devices[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2013,56(1/2):283-293.
[12]Tsai Y S,Chang Y M,Chan J H,et al.Enhancement of thermal performance in a sintered miniature heat pipe[J].Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers,2005,28(2):359-363.
[13]Yeh C C,Chen C N,Chen Y M.Heat transfer analysis of a loop heat pipe with biporous wicks[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2009,52(19/20):4426-4434.
[14]Berti L F,Santos P H D,Bazzo E,et al.Evaluation of permeability of ceramic wick structures for two phase heat transfer devices[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2011,31(6/7):1076-1081.
[15]Popa C,Okayasu Y,Katsumata K,et al.Capillary rise properties of porous mullite ceramics prepared by an extrusion method with various diameters of fiber pore formers[J].Journal of Materials Science,2013,48(2):941-947.
[16]XU Ji-yuan(徐计元),ZOU Yong(邹勇),CHENG Lin(程林).Control of pore parameters and influence on capillary pumping performance of sintered nickel wicks(烧结镍毛细芯的孔参数控制及其对抽吸性能的影响)[J].CIESC Journal(化工学报),2012,63(2):463-469.
[17]Li J W,Zou Y,Cheng L,et al.Effect of fabricating parameters on properties of sintered porous wicks for loop heat pipe[J].Powder Technology,2010,204(2/3):241-248.
[18]Dominguez Espinosa F A,Peters T B,Brisson J G.Effect of fabrication parameters on the thermophysical properties of sintered wicks for heat pipe applications[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2012,55(25/26):7471-7486.
[19]Tang Y,Deng D X,Lu L S,et al.Experimental investigation on capillary force of composite wick structure by IR thermal imaging camera[J].Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science,2010,34(2):190-196.