涡轮泵密封对转子动力特性的影响
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摘要
某火箭发动机的氢涡轮泵存在异常振动问题,其原因是涡轮泵使用的迷宫密封对泵的转子系统稳定性产生了影响。为解决振动问题,建立转子系统模型,利用CFD软件获得密封和诱导轮动力特性系数,代入转子系统模型后提取转子系统对数衰减率,研究迷宫密封的各项参数和诱导轮对涡轮泵运行稳定性的影响规律,并分析采用孔型阻尼密封代替迷宫密封对转子系统稳定性的影响。结果表明:对于迷宫密封,采用较小的偏心率、较大的密封间隙、适宜齿厚和较多的齿数时,转子系统可获得比较大的对数衰减率,但仍不满足API617标准中对数衰减率大于0. 1的要求,而采用孔型阻尼密封代替迷宫密封能满足API617标准的要求,大大提高了转子系统的运行稳定性。同时研究表明,系统中的诱导轮对涡轮泵的稳定运行有负面影响。
An abnormal vibration problem exists in the hydrogen turbine pump in rocket engine,which is caused by the influence of the labyrinth seal used in the turbo pump on the stability of the pump's rotor system. In order to solve the vibration problem,the rotor system model was established. Dynamic coefficient of seal and inducer was calculated by CFD and was generated into the rotor system model to obtain rotor logarithmic decrement. The influence of labyrinth seal and inducer on the stability of rotor system was studied. The influence of hole-pattern seal instead of labyrinth seal on the stability of rotor system was analyzed. The results show that a relatively large rotor logarithmic decrement can be obtained by the labyrinth seal with small eccentricity,big sealing clearance,suitable tooth thickness and multiple teeth of labyrinth seal. However,it is still unable to meet the requirement of the logarithmic decay rate greater than 0. 1 in API617 standard. The use of hole-pattern seal instead of labyrinth seal can meet the requirement of API617 standard,and the the stability of rotor system is improved greatly. The research also shows that the inducer has a negative effect for the stability of rotor system.
An abnormal vibration problem exists in the hydrogen turbine pump in rocket engine,which is caused by the influence of the labyrinth seal used in the turbo pump on the stability of the pump's rotor system. In order to solve the vibration problem,the rotor system model was established. Dynamic coefficient of seal and inducer was calculated by CFD and was generated into the rotor system model to obtain rotor logarithmic decrement. The influence of labyrinth seal and inducer on the stability of rotor system was studied. The influence of hole-pattern seal instead of labyrinth seal on the stability of rotor system was analyzed. The results show that a relatively large rotor logarithmic decrement can be obtained by the labyrinth seal with small eccentricity,big sealing clearance,suitable tooth thickness and multiple teeth of labyrinth seal. However,it is still unable to meet the requirement of the logarithmic decay rate greater than 0. 1 in API617 standard. The use of hole-pattern seal instead of labyrinth seal can meet the requirement of API617 standard,and the the stability of rotor system is improved greatly. The research also shows that the inducer has a negative effect for the stability of rotor system.
引文
[1]谭松林,黄道琼,张继桐,等.液体火箭发动机涡轮泵耦合分析[J].航空动力学报,2003,18(5):692-697.TAN S L,HUANG D Q,ZHANG J T,et al.Coupled analysis of turbopump of liquid rocket engine[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2003,18(5):692-697.
[2]CHILDS D W.The space shuttle main engine high-pressure fuel turbopump rotordynamic instability problem[J].Journal of Engineering for Power,1978,100(1):48-57.
[3]窦唯.液体火箭发动机涡轮泵转子密封系统动力稳定性研究[J].宇航学报,2013,34(12):1557-1568.DOU W.Dynamic stability research of turbopump rotor-seal system in liquid rocket engine[J].Journal of Astronautics,2013,34(12):1557-1568.
[4]何立东,夏松波.转子密封系统流体激振及其减振技术研究简评[J].振动工程学报,1999,12(1):64-72.HE L D,XIA S B.Review on aerodynamic excitation and its elimination method in the rotor-seal system[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,1999,12(1):64-72.
[5]郭瑞,杨建刚.梳齿密封流动参数传递分析模型[J].机械工程学报,2009,45(4):281-284.GUO R,YANG J G.Transfer model for the analysis of labyrinth seal flow[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2009,45(4):281-284.
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[7]高杰,郑群,李义进.动叶顶部蜂窝面迷宫密封对涡轮级气动性能的影响[J].航空动力学报,2012,27(1):160-168.GAO J,ZHENG Q,LI Y J.Effect of labyrinth-honeycomb seal of shrouded rotor blades on the aerodynamic performance of the turbine stage[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2012,27(1):160-168.
[8]何立东,刁海龙,张玉国.离心压缩机梳齿密封气流激振的数值模拟[J].航空动力学报,2000,15(1):59-62.HE L D,DIAO H L,ZHANG Y G.Numercial simulation of aerodynamic excitation in labyrinth seals in a centrifugal compressor[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2000,15(1):59-62.
[9]VONPRAGENAU G L.Damping seals for turbomachinery[R].NASA Technical paper CP-2372,1987.
[10]李军,晏鑫,丰镇平,等.透平机械阻尼密封技术及其转子动力特性研究进展[J].热力透平,2009,38(1):5-9.LI J,YAN X,FENG Z P,et al.State-of-the art of turbomachinery damper seals technology and their rotordynamic characteristics[J].Thermal Turbine,2009,38(1):5-9.
[11]李志刚,李军,丰镇平.高转速袋型阻尼密封泄漏的特性[J].航空动力学报,2012,27(12):2828-2835.LI Z G,LI J,FENG Z P.Leakage flow of pocket damper seal at high rotational speed[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2012,27(12):2828-2835.
[12]刘士杰,梁国柱.航天飞机主发动机高压燃料涡轮泵的故障模式[J].航空动力学报,2015,30(3):611-626.LIU S J,LIANG G Z.Failure modes of space shuttle main engine high-pressure fuel turbopump[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2015,30(3):611-626.
[13]CHILDS D W,MOYER D S.Vibration characteristics of the HPOTP(high-pressure oxygen turbopump)of the SSME(space shuttle main engine)[J].ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power,1985,107(1):152-159.
[14]CHILDS D W,WADE J.Rotordynamic-coefficients and leakage characteristics for hole-pattern-stator annular gas sealmeasurements versus predictions[J].ASME Journal of Tribology,2004,126:326-333.
[15]CHILDS D W.Dynamic analysis of turbulent annular Seals Based On Hirs’Lubrication Equation[J].Journal of Tribology,1982,105(3):429-436.
[16]WAGNER N G,STEFF K,GAUSMANN R.Investigations on the dynamic coefficients of impeller eye labyrinth seals[C]//Proceedings of the Thirty-eight Turbomachinery Symposium.Texas:ASME,2009:53-69.
[2]CHILDS D W.The space shuttle main engine high-pressure fuel turbopump rotordynamic instability problem[J].Journal of Engineering for Power,1978,100(1):48-57.
[3]窦唯.液体火箭发动机涡轮泵转子密封系统动力稳定性研究[J].宇航学报,2013,34(12):1557-1568.DOU W.Dynamic stability research of turbopump rotor-seal system in liquid rocket engine[J].Journal of Astronautics,2013,34(12):1557-1568.
[4]何立东,夏松波.转子密封系统流体激振及其减振技术研究简评[J].振动工程学报,1999,12(1):64-72.HE L D,XIA S B.Review on aerodynamic excitation and its elimination method in the rotor-seal system[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,1999,12(1):64-72.
[5]郭瑞,杨建刚.梳齿密封流动参数传递分析模型[J].机械工程学报,2009,45(4):281-284.GUO R,YANG J G.Transfer model for the analysis of labyrinth seal flow[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2009,45(4):281-284.
[6]李雪松,李久华,黄典贵.迷宫气封齿型对转子动力学系数的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(5):130-133.LI X S,LI J H,HUANG D G.The effect of the shape of labyrinth seals on rotor dynamic coefficients[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2002,22(5):130-133.
[7]高杰,郑群,李义进.动叶顶部蜂窝面迷宫密封对涡轮级气动性能的影响[J].航空动力学报,2012,27(1):160-168.GAO J,ZHENG Q,LI Y J.Effect of labyrinth-honeycomb seal of shrouded rotor blades on the aerodynamic performance of the turbine stage[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2012,27(1):160-168.
[8]何立东,刁海龙,张玉国.离心压缩机梳齿密封气流激振的数值模拟[J].航空动力学报,2000,15(1):59-62.HE L D,DIAO H L,ZHANG Y G.Numercial simulation of aerodynamic excitation in labyrinth seals in a centrifugal compressor[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2000,15(1):59-62.
[9]VONPRAGENAU G L.Damping seals for turbomachinery[R].NASA Technical paper CP-2372,1987.
[10]李军,晏鑫,丰镇平,等.透平机械阻尼密封技术及其转子动力特性研究进展[J].热力透平,2009,38(1):5-9.LI J,YAN X,FENG Z P,et al.State-of-the art of turbomachinery damper seals technology and their rotordynamic characteristics[J].Thermal Turbine,2009,38(1):5-9.
[11]李志刚,李军,丰镇平.高转速袋型阻尼密封泄漏的特性[J].航空动力学报,2012,27(12):2828-2835.LI Z G,LI J,FENG Z P.Leakage flow of pocket damper seal at high rotational speed[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2012,27(12):2828-2835.
[12]刘士杰,梁国柱.航天飞机主发动机高压燃料涡轮泵的故障模式[J].航空动力学报,2015,30(3):611-626.LIU S J,LIANG G Z.Failure modes of space shuttle main engine high-pressure fuel turbopump[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2015,30(3):611-626.
[13]CHILDS D W,MOYER D S.Vibration characteristics of the HPOTP(high-pressure oxygen turbopump)of the SSME(space shuttle main engine)[J].ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power,1985,107(1):152-159.
[14]CHILDS D W,WADE J.Rotordynamic-coefficients and leakage characteristics for hole-pattern-stator annular gas sealmeasurements versus predictions[J].ASME Journal of Tribology,2004,126:326-333.
[15]CHILDS D W.Dynamic analysis of turbulent annular Seals Based On Hirs’Lubrication Equation[J].Journal of Tribology,1982,105(3):429-436.
[16]WAGNER N G,STEFF K,GAUSMANN R.Investigations on the dynamic coefficients of impeller eye labyrinth seals[C]//Proceedings of the Thirty-eight Turbomachinery Symposium.Texas:ASME,2009:53-69.