辽河盆地东部凹陷含气孔、裂隙火成岩地层斯通利波响应特征
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摘要
为了有效地识别和评价裂缝性地层,对辽河盆地东部凹陷地区含气孔、裂隙地层的单极子阵列声波测井数据进行了斯通利波波场分离(中值滤波)和希尔伯特黄变换(HHT)。研究表明:裂隙和油气通常会使斯通利波的能量衰减(主要发生在高频)、主频下降和到时滞后,这三者具有相关性;裂隙会使反射斯通利波能量增强,反射系数变大;高频和低频斯通利波的比值简称为能量比,能量比接近零时对应渗透性裂隙地层,能量比较小但有一定数值时可能对应渗透性孔隙地层;固有模态函数保留了原始数据固有的物理特性,HHT幅值谱从时间和频率两个方面突出了阵列声波的动力特性。实测数据的傅里叶变换和HHT均能对储层性质进行一定的评价,HHT放大了阵列声波信号对于地层性质的敏感程度,易于研究的分析对比。
Nowadays,fractured reservoirs have attracted more and more attention,and how to effectively identify and evaluate a fractured formation has also been widely discussed.Wave-field separation and HHT were applied to the array acoustic logging data of the gas bearing fractured porousformation in Liaohe basin.The following conclusions are obtained:the presence of fractures and oil/gas causes attenuation of Stoneley wave energy(occurred mainly in high frequency section),basic frequency decrease and time lag,and they are correlated.The Stoneley wave energy and the reflection coefficient become larger along with the increase of the fractures.The ratio of high frequency and low frequency of Stoneley wave is called energy ratio.When the energy ratio is close to zero,it corresponds to the permeable fractured formation;while the energy ratio is relatively small,it may correspond to the permeable porous formation.The IMF retains the inherent physical properties of the raw array acoustic data,and the HHT spectrum contains abundant information,which can highlight the dynamic characteristics of array acoustic waves from time and frequency.Fourier transform and HHT can be used to evaluate the reservoir properties.HHT can magnify the sensitivity of array acoustic signals to formation properties and is easy to analyze and compare.
Nowadays,fractured reservoirs have attracted more and more attention,and how to effectively identify and evaluate a fractured formation has also been widely discussed.Wave-field separation and HHT were applied to the array acoustic logging data of the gas bearing fractured porousformation in Liaohe basin.The following conclusions are obtained:the presence of fractures and oil/gas causes attenuation of Stoneley wave energy(occurred mainly in high frequency section),basic frequency decrease and time lag,and they are correlated.The Stoneley wave energy and the reflection coefficient become larger along with the increase of the fractures.The ratio of high frequency and low frequency of Stoneley wave is called energy ratio.When the energy ratio is close to zero,it corresponds to the permeable fractured formation;while the energy ratio is relatively small,it may correspond to the permeable porous formation.The IMF retains the inherent physical properties of the raw array acoustic data,and the HHT spectrum contains abundant information,which can highlight the dynamic characteristics of array acoustic waves from time and frequency.Fourier transform and HHT can be used to evaluate the reservoir properties.HHT can magnify the sensitivity of array acoustic signals to formation properties and is easy to analyze and compare.
引文
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[13]熊学军,郭炳火,胡筱敏,等.EMD方法和Hilbert谱分析法的应用与探讨[J].黄渤海海洋,2002,20(2):12-21.Xiong Xuejun,Guo Binghuo,Hu Xiaomin,et al.Application and Discussion of Empirical Mode Decomposition Method and Hilbert Spectral Analysis Method[J].Journal of Oceanography of Huanghai&Bohai Seas,2002,20(2):12-21.
[14]王祝文,刘菁华,聂春燕.基于Hilbert-Huang变换的阵列声波测井信号时频分析[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2008,33(3):387-392.Wang Zhuwen,Liu Jinghua,Nie Chunyan.TimeFrequency Analysis of Array Acoustic Logging Waveform Signal Based on Hilbert-Huang Transform[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2008,33(3):387-392.
[15]王祝文,刘菁华,聂春燕.Hilbert-Huang变换在提取阵列声波信号动力特性中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):450-455.Wang Zhuwen,Liu Jinghua,Nie Chunyan.Application of Hilbert-Huang Transform in Extracting Dynamic Properties of Array Acoustic Signals[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(2):450-455.
[16]余春昊,李长文.利用斯通利波信息进行裂缝评价[J].测井技术,1998,22(4):273-277.Yu Chunhao,Li Changwen.Application of Stoneley Waves to Fracture Evaluation[J].WLT,1998,22(4):273-277.
[17]赵辉,司马立强,戴诗华.斯通利波在储层评价中的应用及认识[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2012,31(2):171-174.Zhao Hui,Sima Liqiang,Dai Shihua.Stoneley Wave Method Used in Reservoir Evaluation and Its Understandings[J].Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2012,31(2):171-174.
[2]陈雪莲,唐晓明,钱玉萍.含孔隙、裂隙致密介质中多极子声波的传播特征[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(9):2961-2970.Chen Xuelian,Tang Xiaoming,Qian Yuping.Propagation Characteristics of Multipole Acoustic Logging in Cracked Porous Tight Formations[J].Chinese Journal of Geoghysics,2014,57(9):2961-2970.
[3]唐晓明.含孔隙、裂隙介质弹性波动的统一理论:理论的推广[J].中国科学:地球科学,2011,41(6):784-795.Tang Xiaoming.A Unified Theory for Elastic Wave Propagation Through Porous Media Containing Cracks:An Extension of Biot’s Poroelastic Wave Theory[J].Sci China Earth Sci,2011,41(6):784-795.
[4]Tang X M,Chen X L,Xu X K.A Cracked Porous Medium Elastic Wave Theory and Its Application to Interpreting Acoustic Data from Tight Formations[J].Geophysics,2012,77(6):D245-D252.
[5]Hornby B E,Johnson D L,Winkler K W,et al.Fracture Evaluation Using Reflected Stoneley Wave Arrivals[J].Geophysics,1998,54(10):1274-1288.
[6]Tang X M,Cheng C H.Borehole Stoneley Wave Propagation Across Permeable Structures[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1993,41(2):165-187.
[7]潘保芝,刘文斌,张丽华,等.一种提高储层裂缝识别准确度的方法[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2018,48(1):298-306.Pan Baozhi,Liu Wenbin,Zhang Lihua,et al.AMethod for Improving Accuracy of Reservoir Fracture Identification[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2018,48(1):298-306.
[8]黄文新,历元彬.用反射斯通利波确定地层裂缝宽度和渗透率[J].江汉石油学院学报,1994,16(增刊1):26-31.Huang Wenxin,Li Yuanbin.Determining Fracture Width and Permeability of a Layer from Reflected Stoneley Wave[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute,1994,16(Sup.1):26-31.
[9]Huang N E,Shen Z,Long S R,et al.The Empirical Mode Decomposition and the Hilbert Spectrum for Nonlinear and Non-Stationary Time Series Analysis[J].Proc R Soc Lond A,1998,454(A):903-995.
[10]Huang N E,Shen Z,Long S R.A New View of Nonlinear Water Waves:The Hilbert spectrum[J].Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics,1999,31(1):417-457.
[11]刘喜武,刘洪,李幼铭,等.局域波分解及其在地震信号时频分析中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):365-375.Liu Xiwu,Liu Hong,Li Youming,et al.Local Waves Decomposition and Its Applications to Seismic Signal Time-Frequency Analysis[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(2):365-375.
[12]杨培杰,印兴耀,张广智.希尔伯特-黄变换地震信号时频分析与属性提取[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1585-1590.Yang Peijie,Yin Xingyao,Zhang Guangzhi.Seismic Signal Time-Frequency Analysis and Attributes Extraction Based on HHT[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(5):1585-1590.
[13]熊学军,郭炳火,胡筱敏,等.EMD方法和Hilbert谱分析法的应用与探讨[J].黄渤海海洋,2002,20(2):12-21.Xiong Xuejun,Guo Binghuo,Hu Xiaomin,et al.Application and Discussion of Empirical Mode Decomposition Method and Hilbert Spectral Analysis Method[J].Journal of Oceanography of Huanghai&Bohai Seas,2002,20(2):12-21.
[14]王祝文,刘菁华,聂春燕.基于Hilbert-Huang变换的阵列声波测井信号时频分析[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2008,33(3):387-392.Wang Zhuwen,Liu Jinghua,Nie Chunyan.TimeFrequency Analysis of Array Acoustic Logging Waveform Signal Based on Hilbert-Huang Transform[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2008,33(3):387-392.
[15]王祝文,刘菁华,聂春燕.Hilbert-Huang变换在提取阵列声波信号动力特性中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):450-455.Wang Zhuwen,Liu Jinghua,Nie Chunyan.Application of Hilbert-Huang Transform in Extracting Dynamic Properties of Array Acoustic Signals[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(2):450-455.
[16]余春昊,李长文.利用斯通利波信息进行裂缝评价[J].测井技术,1998,22(4):273-277.Yu Chunhao,Li Changwen.Application of Stoneley Waves to Fracture Evaluation[J].WLT,1998,22(4):273-277.
[17]赵辉,司马立强,戴诗华.斯通利波在储层评价中的应用及认识[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2012,31(2):171-174.Zhao Hui,Sima Liqiang,Dai Shihua.Stoneley Wave Method Used in Reservoir Evaluation and Its Understandings[J].Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2012,31(2):171-174.