导叶叶片数及导叶相对位置对低扬程轴流泵装置性能的影响
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摘要
为研究导叶叶片数及导叶相对位置对轴流泵装置性能的影响,设计了3个不同导叶数方案和4个不同导叶相对位置方案,采用计算流体动力学软件分别对每个模型在0.8Q_d～1.2Q_d之间的5个工况进行计算.根据数值计算结果,选择最优模型,即导叶数为5,叶轮出口距导叶距离为0.086D的泵装置模型进行能量特性试验,并将试验结果与数值计算结果进行对比分析.结果表明:当轴流泵叶轮叶片数一定时,增加导叶数,将使导叶水力损失增大,出水流道水力损失增大,泵装置效率将下降;当叶轮叶片数和导叶数一定时,叶轮出口至导叶进口距离过大或过小时,将使导叶水力损失增大,导叶出口速度环量减小,出水流道水力损失增大,泵装置效率将下降;试验结果与数值计算结果的误差在4%以内,验证了数值计算的可靠性、准确性.研究结果可为泵装置的导叶水力设计和效率提高提供一定参考.
In order to study influences of the number and relative position of guide vanes on the performance of an axial-flow pump device,the diffusers with three different numbers of guide vanes and four different relative positions were designed. Base on computational fluid dynamics software,the flows under five working conditions of( 0.8-1.2) Q_d were calculated and analyzed for each diffuser model.According to the results of numerical simulation,the optimal diffuser model was selected,i. e. the number of guide vanes was 5 and the distance between the runner exit and the diffuser inlet was 0. 086D,and then an experiment on the performance of a pump device with this model was carried out.The experimental data was compared with the numerically simulated results. The results show that at a constant number of impeller blades,increasing number of guide vanes raises the hydraulic loss across the diffuser and outlet conduit,resulting in a declined pump device efficiency. When the numbers of impeller blades and guide vanes are kept constant,a too large or too small distance between the runner exit and the diffuser inlet decreases the hydraulic loss across the diffuser and outlet conduit as well as the outlet velocity circulation at the diffuser exit,showing a lower pump device efficiency. The error between experiment and numerical simulation is within 4%,confirming the reliable and accurate numerical simulations. The results can provide a reference for hydraulic design optimization of diffuser and efficiency improvement of pump device.
In order to study influences of the number and relative position of guide vanes on the performance of an axial-flow pump device,the diffusers with three different numbers of guide vanes and four different relative positions were designed. Base on computational fluid dynamics software,the flows under five working conditions of( 0.8-1.2) Q_d were calculated and analyzed for each diffuser model.According to the results of numerical simulation,the optimal diffuser model was selected,i. e. the number of guide vanes was 5 and the distance between the runner exit and the diffuser inlet was 0. 086D,and then an experiment on the performance of a pump device with this model was carried out.The experimental data was compared with the numerically simulated results. The results show that at a constant number of impeller blades,increasing number of guide vanes raises the hydraulic loss across the diffuser and outlet conduit,resulting in a declined pump device efficiency. When the numbers of impeller blades and guide vanes are kept constant,a too large or too small distance between the runner exit and the diffuser inlet decreases the hydraulic loss across the diffuser and outlet conduit as well as the outlet velocity circulation at the diffuser exit,showing a lower pump device efficiency. The error between experiment and numerical simulation is within 4%,confirming the reliable and accurate numerical simulations. The results can provide a reference for hydraulic design optimization of diffuser and efficiency improvement of pump device.
引文
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[2]关醒凡.轴流泵和斜流泵[M].北京:中国宇航出版社,2009:32-36.
[3]石丽建,汤方平,周捍珑,等.不同导叶叶片掠角下轴流泵段水力特性分析及试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(14):90-95.SHI Lijian,TANG Fangping,ZHOU Hanlong,et al.Axial-flow pump hydraulic analysis and experiment under different swept-angles of guide vane[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(14):90-95.(in Chinese)
[4]王俊,马鹏飞,王军,等.导叶出口安放角对双向轴流泵性能的影响[J].流体机械,2014,42(8):31-35.WANG Jun,MA Pengfei,WANG Jun,et al.Effects of guide vane outlet-stagger-angle on bidirectional axial pump performance[J].Fluid machinery,2014,42(8):31-35.(in Chinese)
[5]李忠,杨敏官,王晓坤,等.导叶对轴流泵性能影响的试验[J].排灌机械,2009,27(1):15-18.LI Zhong,YANG Minguan,WANG Xiaokun,et al.Experimental study of guide vane influence on performa-nce of axial-flow pump[J].Drainage&irrigation machinery,2009,27(1):15-18.(in Chinese)
[6]王福军.计算流体动力学分析---CFD软件原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[7]吴玉林,刘娟,陈铁军,等.叶片泵设计与实例[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2011.
[8]梁金栋,陆林广,徐磊,等.轴流泵装置导叶出口水流速度环量对出水流道水力损失的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(1):55-60.LIANG Jindong,LU Linguang,XU Lei,et al.Influence of flow velocity circulation at guide vane outlet of axial-flow pump on hydraulic loss in outlet conduit[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(1):55-60.(in Chinese)
[9]朱红耕,袁寿其.进口流场对虹吸式出水流道的性能影响[J].农业机械学报,2006,37(10):193-196.ZHU Honggen,YUAN Shouqi.Influence of inlet flow field on the performance of siphon outlet[J].Transactions of the CSAM,2006,37(10):193-196.(in Chinese)
[10]谭淋露,冯建刚,陈毓陵,等.泵站虹吸式出水管数值计算及水力优化[J].中国农村水利水电,2014(3):126-129.TAN Linlu,FENG Jiangang,CHEN Yuling,et al.Numerical simulation and hydraulic optimization for siphon outlet pipe of pump stations[J].China rural water and hydropower,2014(3):126-129.(in Chinese)
[11]张文鹏,汤方平,石丽建,等.不同导叶参数对混流泵水力性能的影响[J].水利水电科技进展,2017,37(6):32-37.ZHANG Wenpeng,TANG Fangping,SHI Lijian,et al.Influence of different parameters of guide vane on hydraulic characteristics of mixed-flow pump[J].Advances in science and technology of water resources,2017,37(6):32-37.(in Chinese)
[12]陈会向,郑源,周大庆,等.生态贯流泵装置能量特性研究[J].给水排水,2016,42(9):105-109.CHEN Huixiang,ZHENG Yuan,ZHOU Daqing,et al.Study on energy characteristics of ecological tubular pump[J].Water&wastewater engineering,2016,42(9):105-109.(in Chinese)