岩石爆破中径向和轴向不耦合装药的对比分析
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摘要
根据不耦合装药介质和炸药的相对位置不同,可分为径向和轴向不耦合装药,两种装药方式均广泛应用于工程实践,研究两种装药方式的优缺点对于合理选取装药方式具有极其重要的作用。基于显式动力学有限元软件LS-DYNA建立二维数值计算模型,以岩石损伤分布、孔壁压力分布、爆破效率为评判依据,对径向不耦合系数、轴向不耦合装药位置、轴向不耦合系数等因素进行了对比分析。对比计算结果发现:随着径向不耦合系数增大,岩石破坏区逐渐减小,裂隙区在破坏区所占的比例增大;综合破坏区域和爆破效率,径向不耦合系数取2时,爆破效果较好。轴向不耦合装药位置的不同导致岩石破坏区域的不同,同样装药量前提下,空气层位于炮孔两侧时爆破效果最佳;随着轴向不耦合系数增大,岩石破坏区域逐渐减小,且破坏区域主要集中于装药段。综合三个评判依据,径向不耦合装药相对于轴向不耦合装药对爆炸能量的分布更为合理,对岩体产生的破坏范围更为均匀,故在实际工程中建议采用径向不耦合的装药形式。
According to the relative position of the uncoupled medium and the explosive,uncoupled charge can be divided into radial uncoupled charge and axial uncoupled charge. At present,two kinds of uncoupled charging methods are widely used in engineering practice and it is important to study the differences between the two methods.Numerical models are established by explicit dynamic finite element software LS-DYNA to analyze the influences of the two uncoupled charging methods on the rock damage distribution,pressure distribution on the blasthole wall and blasting efficiency. It's observed that the rock failure zone gradually decreases,while the proportion of fracture zone in the failure zone increases with the increase of radial uncoupling coefficient. Based on the damage area and blasting efficiency,the blast effect is better when the radial uncoupling coefficient is 2. The location of the axial uncoupled charge leads to the difference of the rock failure areas. And for the same loading capacity,the best blast effects can be obtained when the air layer is located on both sides of the blasthole. With the increase of the axial uncoupling coefficient,the rock failure area decreases gradually and the damage area is mainly concentrated in the charging section. Compared with the axial uncoupled charge,the radial uncoupled charge has a more reasonable explosive energy distribution and a more uniform range of rock mass damage. Therefore,the radial uncoupled charge is recommended in practical engineering.
According to the relative position of the uncoupled medium and the explosive,uncoupled charge can be divided into radial uncoupled charge and axial uncoupled charge. At present,two kinds of uncoupled charging methods are widely used in engineering practice and it is important to study the differences between the two methods.Numerical models are established by explicit dynamic finite element software LS-DYNA to analyze the influences of the two uncoupled charging methods on the rock damage distribution,pressure distribution on the blasthole wall and blasting efficiency. It's observed that the rock failure zone gradually decreases,while the proportion of fracture zone in the failure zone increases with the increase of radial uncoupling coefficient. Based on the damage area and blasting efficiency,the blast effect is better when the radial uncoupling coefficient is 2. The location of the axial uncoupled charge leads to the difference of the rock failure areas. And for the same loading capacity,the best blast effects can be obtained when the air layer is located on both sides of the blasthole. With the increase of the axial uncoupling coefficient,the rock failure area decreases gradually and the damage area is mainly concentrated in the charging section. Compared with the axial uncoupled charge,the radial uncoupled charge has a more reasonable explosive energy distribution and a more uniform range of rock mass damage. Therefore,the radial uncoupled charge is recommended in practical engineering.
引文
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[16]蔡永乐,付宏伟.水压爆破应力波传播及破煤岩机理实验研究[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(4):902-907.CAI Yong-le,FU Hong-wei. Experimental study on hydraulic blasting stress wave propagation and coal broken mechanism[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(4):902-907.(in Chinese)
[17]石少卿. ANSYS/LS-DYNA在爆炸与冲击领域内的工程应用[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011.
[18]时党勇.基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA 8. 1进行显式动力分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[19]张凤国,李恩征.大应变、高应变率及高压强条件下混凝土的计算模型[J].爆炸与冲击,2002,22(3):198-202.ZHANG Feng-guo,LI En-zheng. A computational model for concrete subjected to large strains,high strain rates and high pressures[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves,2002,22(3):198-202.(in Chinese)
[20]闫国斌,于亚伦.空气与水介质不耦合装药爆破数值模拟[J].工程爆破,2009,15(4):13-19.YAN Guo-bin,YU Ya-lun. Numerical simulation of air and water medium decoupling charge blasting[J]. Engineering Blasting,2009,15(4):13-19.(in Chinese)
[21]杨仁树,陈骏,肖成龙,等.单一试件确定岩石动态抗压强度的方法[J].振动与冲击,2018,37(4):123-127.YANG Ren-shu,CHEN Jun,XIAO Cheng-long,et al. A method to calculate the dynamic compressive strength of rock with single specimen[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock,2018,37(4):123-127.(in Chinese)
[22]李晓锋,李海波,刘凯,等.冲击荷载作用下岩石动态力学特性及破裂特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(10):2393-2405.LI Xiao-feng,LI Hai-bo,LIU Kai,et al. Research on the dynamic properties and fracture characteristics of rocks subject to impact loading[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(10):2393-2405.(in Chinese)
[23]冷振东,卢文波,陈明,等.岩石钻孔爆破粉碎区计算模型的改进[J].爆炸与冲击,2015,35(1):101-107.LENG Zhen-dong,LU Wen-bo,CHEN Ming,et al. Improved calculation model for the size of crushed zone around blasthole[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves,2015,35(1):101-107.(in Chinese)
[24]徐颖,袁璞.爆炸荷载下深部围岩分区破裂模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015(S2):3844-3851.XU Ying,YUAN Pu. Model test of zonal disintegration in deep rock blasting load[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015(S2):3844-3851.(in Chinese)
[25]来兴平,崔峰,曹建涛,等.特厚煤体爆破致裂机制及分区破坏的数值模拟[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1642-1649.LAI Xing-ping,CUI Feng,CAO Jian-tao,et al. Extrathick coal blasting mechanism and numerical simulation of partition failure[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1642-1649.(in Chinese)
[26]张志呈,蒲传金,史瑾瑾.不同装药结构光面爆破对岩石的损伤研究[J].爆破,2006,23(1):36-38.ZHANG Zhi-cheng,PU Chuan-jin,SHI Jin-jin. Rock damnification by smooth blasting of different charge structures[J]. Blasting,2006,23(1):36-38.(in Chinese)
[2]顾文彬,王振雄,陈江海,等.装药结构对爆破震动能量传递及爆破效果影响研究[J].振动与冲击,2016,35(2):207-211.GU Wen-bin,WANG Zhen-xiong,CHEN Jiang-hai,et al.Influence of charge structure on the energy transfer of blasting vibration and explosive effect[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock,2016,35(2):207-211.(in Chinese)
[3]王伟,李小春.不耦合装药下爆炸应力波传播规律的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(6):1723-1728.WANG Wei,LI Xiao-chun. Experimental study of propagation law of explosive stress wave under condition of decouple charge[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(6):1723-1728.(in Chinese)
[4]朱红兵,卢文波,吴亮.空气间隔装药爆破机理研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(5):986-990.ZHU Hong-bing,LU Wen-bo,WU Liang. Research on mechanism of air-decking technique in bench blasting[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(5):986-990.(in Chinese)
[5]楼晓明,王振昌,陈必港,等.空气间隔装药孔壁初始冲击压力分析[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(11):2875-2884.LOU Xiao-ming,WANG Zhen-chang,CHEN Bi-gang,et al. Initial shock pressure analysis for hole wall with airdecked charge[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(11):2875-2884.(in Chinese)
[6]朱强,陈明,郑炳旭,等.空气间隔装药预裂爆破岩体损伤分布特征及控制技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016(S1):2758-2765.ZHU Qiang,CHEN Ming,ZHENG Bing-xu,et al. Distribution and control technology of rock damage induced by air-deck charge presplitting blasting[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016(S1):2758-2765.(in Chinese)
[7]梁为民,LIU Hong-yuan,周丰峻.不耦合装药结构对岩石爆破的影响[J].北京理工大学学报,2012,32(12):1215-1218.LIANG Wei-min,LIU Hong-yuan,ZHOU Feng-jun. Influence of air-Decoupling charge on rock blasting[J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology,2012,32(12):1215-1218.(in Chinese)
[8]姜鹏飞,唐德高,龙源.不耦合装药爆破对硬岩应力场影响的数值分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(1):275-279.JIANG Peng-fei,TANG De-gao,LONG Yuan. Numerical analysis of influence of uncoupled explosive-charge structure on stress field in hard rocks[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(1):275-279.(in Chinese)
[9]王志亮,李永池.工程爆破中径向水不耦合系数效应数值仿真[J].岩土力学,2005,26(12):1926-1930.WANG Zhi-liang,LI Yong-chi. Numerical simulation on effects of radial water-decoupling coefficient in engineering blast[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(12):1926-1930.(in Chinese)
[10]杨国梁,杨仁树,姜琳琳.轴向间隔装药爆破沿炮孔的压力分布[J].爆炸与冲击,2012,32(6):653-657.YANG Guo-liang,YANG Ren-shu,JIANG Lin-lin. Pressure distribution along borehole with axial air-deck charge blasting[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves,2012,32(6):653-657.(in Chinese)
[11]吴亮,卢文波,钟冬望,等.混凝土介质中空气间隔装药的爆破机理[J].爆炸与冲击,2010,30(1):58-64.WU Liang,LU Wen-bo,ZHONG Dong-wang,et al. Blasting mechanism of air-decked charge in concrete medium[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves,2010,30(1):58-64.(in Chinese)
[12]杨国梁,程帅杰,王平,等.切缝管轴向不耦合装药爆破实验[J].爆炸与冲击,2017,37(1):134-139.YANG Guo-liang,CHENG Shuai-jie,WANG Ping,et al.Experiment on slotted tube blasting of axial decoupling coefficient charging[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves,2017,37(1):134-139.(in Chinese)
[13]严鸿海,张义平,任少峰,等.孔底准真空间隔装药的爆破效果试验研究[J].爆破,2018,35(1):66-74.YAN Hong-hai,ZHANG Yi-ping,REN Shao-feng,et al.Experimental study on blasting effect of quasi vacuumdecking in hole bottom[J]. Blasting,2018,35(1):66-74.(in Chinese)
[14]程俊飞,张长亮,罗志光.水不耦合装药爆破模型推导及爆破效果分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2017,13(6):1616-1623.CHENG Jun-fei,ZHANG Chang-liang,LUO Zhi-guang,et al. Analysis on water decoupling charge on blasting model and blasting effect[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2017,13(6):1616-1623.(in Chinese)
[15]邵珠山,杨跃宗,米俊峰,等.水压爆破中波衰减规律及致裂机理的理论研究[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2017,49(6):820-826.SHAO Zhu-shan,YANG Yue-zong,MI Jun-feng,et al.Theoretical study on the wave attenuation law about water pressure blasting[J]. Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture&Technology(Natural Science Edition),2017,49(6):820-826.(in Chinese)
[16]蔡永乐,付宏伟.水压爆破应力波传播及破煤岩机理实验研究[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(4):902-907.CAI Yong-le,FU Hong-wei. Experimental study on hydraulic blasting stress wave propagation and coal broken mechanism[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(4):902-907.(in Chinese)
[17]石少卿. ANSYS/LS-DYNA在爆炸与冲击领域内的工程应用[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011.
[18]时党勇.基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA 8. 1进行显式动力分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[19]张凤国,李恩征.大应变、高应变率及高压强条件下混凝土的计算模型[J].爆炸与冲击,2002,22(3):198-202.ZHANG Feng-guo,LI En-zheng. A computational model for concrete subjected to large strains,high strain rates and high pressures[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves,2002,22(3):198-202.(in Chinese)
[20]闫国斌,于亚伦.空气与水介质不耦合装药爆破数值模拟[J].工程爆破,2009,15(4):13-19.YAN Guo-bin,YU Ya-lun. Numerical simulation of air and water medium decoupling charge blasting[J]. Engineering Blasting,2009,15(4):13-19.(in Chinese)
[21]杨仁树,陈骏,肖成龙,等.单一试件确定岩石动态抗压强度的方法[J].振动与冲击,2018,37(4):123-127.YANG Ren-shu,CHEN Jun,XIAO Cheng-long,et al. A method to calculate the dynamic compressive strength of rock with single specimen[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock,2018,37(4):123-127.(in Chinese)
[22]李晓锋,李海波,刘凯,等.冲击荷载作用下岩石动态力学特性及破裂特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(10):2393-2405.LI Xiao-feng,LI Hai-bo,LIU Kai,et al. Research on the dynamic properties and fracture characteristics of rocks subject to impact loading[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(10):2393-2405.(in Chinese)
[23]冷振东,卢文波,陈明,等.岩石钻孔爆破粉碎区计算模型的改进[J].爆炸与冲击,2015,35(1):101-107.LENG Zhen-dong,LU Wen-bo,CHEN Ming,et al. Improved calculation model for the size of crushed zone around blasthole[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves,2015,35(1):101-107.(in Chinese)
[24]徐颖,袁璞.爆炸荷载下深部围岩分区破裂模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015(S2):3844-3851.XU Ying,YUAN Pu. Model test of zonal disintegration in deep rock blasting load[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015(S2):3844-3851.(in Chinese)
[25]来兴平,崔峰,曹建涛,等.特厚煤体爆破致裂机制及分区破坏的数值模拟[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1642-1649.LAI Xing-ping,CUI Feng,CAO Jian-tao,et al. Extrathick coal blasting mechanism and numerical simulation of partition failure[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1642-1649.(in Chinese)
[26]张志呈,蒲传金,史瑾瑾.不同装药结构光面爆破对岩石的损伤研究[J].爆破,2006,23(1):36-38.ZHANG Zhi-cheng,PU Chuan-jin,SHI Jin-jin. Rock damnification by smooth blasting of different charge structures[J]. Blasting,2006,23(1):36-38.(in Chinese)