妊娠期多环芳烃暴露对妊娠结局及儿童早期发展影响的研究进展
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摘要
胎儿期是各器官系统迅速发展时期,对外界毒物较为敏感。胎儿期多环芳烃(PAHs)暴露将对胎儿发育以及出生后体格、神经心理行为的发育产生重要影响,但国内关于这方面的研究较为少见。笔者从多环芳烃的暴露途径、胎儿期多环芳烃暴露对妊娠结局的影响、胎儿期多环芳烃暴露对儿童生理的影响、胎儿期多环芳烃暴露对儿童神经心理行为发育的影响、多环芳烃影响胎儿发育的机制五个方面进行了综述,为后续开展此类研究以及相关保护性政策的制定提供依据。
The organ systems of embryo develop rapidly and are more sensitive to xenobiotics. Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) has significant impacts on fetal development as well as postnatal physical and neurobehavioral development,but there is still rare domestic research in this field. In order to provide the basis for the future research and protective policies,this paper reviewed literatures on PAHs based on five aspects,namely,the exposure pathways,effects on pregnancy outcome,effects of prenatal exposure to PAHs on children'sphysiology,effects of prenatal exposure to PAHs on children's neurobehavioral development and the mechanism of PAHs on fetal development.
The organ systems of embryo develop rapidly and are more sensitive to xenobiotics. Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) has significant impacts on fetal development as well as postnatal physical and neurobehavioral development,but there is still rare domestic research in this field. In order to provide the basis for the future research and protective policies,this paper reviewed literatures on PAHs based on five aspects,namely,the exposure pathways,effects on pregnancy outcome,effects of prenatal exposure to PAHs on children'sphysiology,effects of prenatal exposure to PAHs on children's neurobehavioral development and the mechanism of PAHs on fetal development.
引文
[1]李世刚,茅彩萍,徐智策.健康与疾病的发育起源研究进展[J].中华围产医学杂志,2010,13(6):463-466.
[2]Vishnevetsky J,Tang D,Chang HW,et al.Combined effects of prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and material hardship on child IQ[J].Neurotoxicol Teratol,2015,49:74-80.
[3]Myers SR,Zamora R,Ali Y,et al.Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in amniotic fluid samples from smokers and nonsmokers[J].Polycycl Aromat Comp,2008,28:39-66.
[4]刘钰,魏全伟,王路光,等.河北省大气PM10中多环芳烃的污染特征及苯并(a)芘等效毒性评价[J].环境与健康杂志,2009,26(10):908-910.
[5]Perera FP,Li Z,Whyatt R,et al.Prenatal airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and child IQ at age 5 years[J].Pediatrics,2009,124:e195-e202.
[6]Scientific Committee on Foods of EC.Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food in the risks to humanhealth of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food[R/OL].SCF,2002.http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out153_en.pdf.
[7]Farhadian A,Jinap S,Abas F,et al.Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in grilled meat[J].Food Control,2010,21:600-610.
[8]Xu X,Liu J,Huang C,et al.Association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and lead co-exposure with child physical growth and development in an e-waste recycling town[J].Chemosphere,2015,139:295-302.
[9]Perera FP,Rauh V,Tsai WY,et al.Effects of transplacental exposure to environmental pollutants on birth outcomes in a multiethnic population.[J].Environ Health Perspect,2003,111:201-205.
[10]Madhavon ND,Naidu KA.Pdycyctiearolnalie hydrocarbons in placenta,maternal blood,umbilical cord blood and milk of Indian women[J].Hum Exp Toxicol,1995,14:503-506.
[11]Perera F,Tang D,Whyatt R,et al.DNA damage from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons measured by benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adducts in mothers and newborns from Northern Manhattan,the World Trade Center Area,Poland,and China[J].Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev,2005,14:709-714.
[12]Suzuki Y,Niwa M,Yoshinaga J,et al.Prenatal exposure to phthalate esters and PAHs and birth outcomes[J].Environ Int,2010,36:699-704.
[13]Wilhelm M,Ghosh JK,Su J,et al.Traffic-related air toxics and preterm birth:a population-based case-control study in Los Angeles County,California[J].Environ Health,2011,10:1-12.
[14]Padula AM,Noth EM,Hammond SK,et al.Exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during pregnancy and risk of preterm birth[J].Environ Res,2014,135:221-226.
[15]Jedrychowski W,Perera FP,Tang D,et al.Impact of barbecued meat consumed in pregnancy on birth outcomes accounting for personal prenatal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons:birth cohort study in Poland[J].Nutrition,2012,28:372-377.
[16]Lamichhane DK,Leem JH,Kim HC,et al.Impact of prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from maternal diet on birth outcomes:a birth cohort study in Korea[J].Public Health Nutr,2016,19:2562-2571.
[17]成琳,李艳宁,邓云珺,等.母亲妊娠期多环芳烃暴露对新生儿体格发育的影响[J].环境与职业医学,2017,34(5):385-391.
[18]Wang L,Choi H.Using semiparametric-mixed model and functional linear model to detect vulnerable prenatal window to carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on fetal growth[J].Biom J,2014,56:243-245.
[19]Choi H,Lu W,Lin X,et al.Fetal window of vulnerability to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on proportional intrauterine growth restriction[J].Plos One,2012,7:e35464.
[20]Polanska K,Dettbarn G,Jurewicz J,et al.Effect of prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure on birth outcomes:the Polish mother and child cohort study[J].Biomed Res Int,2014,doi:10.1155/2014/408939.
[21]Maypole-Keenan CM,Symanski E,Stock TH,et al.Association between ambient levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and small for gestational age hispanic infants born along the United States-Mexico Border[J].J Immigr Minor Health,2016,18:143-149.
[22]Langlois PH,Hoyt AT,Desrosiers TA,et al.Maternal occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and small for gestational age offspring[J].Occup Environ Med,2014,71:529-535.
[23]Jedrychowski WA,Perera FP,Majewska R,et al.Depressed height gain of children associated with intrauterine exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH)and heavy metals:the cohort prospective study[J].Environ Res,2015,136:141-147.
[24]Jedrychowski WA,Perera FP,Maugeri U,et al.Long term effects of prenatal and postnatal airborne PAH exposures on ventilatory lung function of non-asthmatic preadolescent children:prospective birth cohort study in Krakow[J].Sci Total Environ,2015,502:502-509.
[25]Jedrychowski WA,Perera FP,Maugeri U,et al.Antihistamine medication may alleviate negative effects of prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH)on lung function in children:birth cohort prospective study[J].Pediatr Pulmonol,2015,50:469-478.
[26]Yi D,Yuan Y,Jin L,et al.Levels of PAH-DNA adducts in cord blood and cord tissue and the risk of fetal neural tube defects in a Chinese population[J].Neurotoxicology,2015,46:73-78.
[27]Perera F,Li TY,Zhou ZJ,et al.Benefits of reducing prenatal exposure to coal-burning pollutants to children's neurodevelopment in China[J].Environ Health Perspect,2008,116:1396-1400.
[28]李晓华,刘桂芝,贺巧云,等.太原市和长治市孕妇多环芳烃暴露与新生儿神经行为发育的研究[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2012,30(1):21-26.
[29]李晓华,张玢玢,杨生汝,等.太原市某医院孕妇尿中1-羟基芘水平与新生儿神经行为评分的关系[J].环境与职业医学,2011,28(4):224-228.
[30]Jedrychowski WA,Perera FP,Camann D,et al.Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and cognitive dysfunction in children[J].Environ Sci Pollut Res Int,2015,22:3631-3639.
[31]Edwards SC,Jedrychowski W,Butscher M,et al.Prenatal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and children’s intelligence at 5 years of age in a prospective cohort study in Poland[J].Environ Health Perspect,2010,118:1326-1331.
[32]Genkinger JM,Stigter L,Jedrychowski W,et al.Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH)exposure,antioxidant levels and behavioral development of children ages 6-9[J].Environ Res,2015,140:136-144.
[33]Roshandel G,Semnani S,Malekzadeh R,et al.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma[J].Arch Iran Med,2012,15:713-722.
[34]Tang WY,Levin L,Talaska G.Maternal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and 5'-CpG methylation of interferon-γin cord white blood cells[J].Environ Health Perspect,2012,120:1195-1200.
[35]He J,Ji X,Li Y,et al.Subchronic exposure of benzo(a)pyrene interferes with the expression of Bcl-2,Ki-67,C-myc and p53,Bax,caspase-3 in sub-regions of cerebral cortex and hippocampus[J].Exp Toxicol Pathol,2016,68:149-156.
[36]Nel AE,Diaz-Sanchez D,Li N.The role of particulate pollutants in pulmonary inflammation and asthma:evidence for the involvement of organic chemicals and oxidative stress[J].Curr Opin Pulm Med,2001,7:20-26.
[37]Dutta K,Ghosh D,Nazmi A,et al.A common carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene causes neuronal death in mouse via microglial activation[J].Plos One,2010,5:e9984.
[38]Patri M,Singh A,Mallick BN.Protective role of noradrenaline in benzo[a]pyrene-induced learning impairment in developing rat[J].J Neurosci Res,2013,91:1450-1462.
[39]Miller RL,Ho S.Environmental epigenetics and asthma[J].Am JResp Crit Care,2008,177:567-573.
[40]Chiesa C,Osborn JF,Haass C,et al.Ghrelin,leptin,IGF-1,IGFBP-3,and insulin concentrations at birth:is there a relationship with fetal growth and neonatal anthropometry[J].Clin Chem,2008,54:550-558.
[41]Street ME,Seghini P,Fieni S,et al.Changes in interleukin-6 and IGF system and their relationships in placenta and cord blood in newborns with fetal growth restriction compared with controls[J].Eur J Endocrinol,2006,155:567-574.
[42]Xu X,Yekeen TA,Xiao Q,et al.Placental IGF-1 and IGFBP-3expression correlate with umbilical cord blood PAH and PBDE levels from prenatal exposure to electronic waste[J].Environ Pollut,2013,182:63-69.
[43]Chepelev NL,Long AS,Bowers WJ,et al.Transcriptional profiling of the mouse hippocampus supports an NMDAR-mediated neurotoxic mode of action for benzo[a]pyrene[J].Environ Mol Mutagen,2016,57:350-363.
[2]Vishnevetsky J,Tang D,Chang HW,et al.Combined effects of prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and material hardship on child IQ[J].Neurotoxicol Teratol,2015,49:74-80.
[3]Myers SR,Zamora R,Ali Y,et al.Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in amniotic fluid samples from smokers and nonsmokers[J].Polycycl Aromat Comp,2008,28:39-66.
[4]刘钰,魏全伟,王路光,等.河北省大气PM10中多环芳烃的污染特征及苯并(a)芘等效毒性评价[J].环境与健康杂志,2009,26(10):908-910.
[5]Perera FP,Li Z,Whyatt R,et al.Prenatal airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and child IQ at age 5 years[J].Pediatrics,2009,124:e195-e202.
[6]Scientific Committee on Foods of EC.Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food in the risks to humanhealth of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food[R/OL].SCF,2002.http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out153_en.pdf.
[7]Farhadian A,Jinap S,Abas F,et al.Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in grilled meat[J].Food Control,2010,21:600-610.
[8]Xu X,Liu J,Huang C,et al.Association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and lead co-exposure with child physical growth and development in an e-waste recycling town[J].Chemosphere,2015,139:295-302.
[9]Perera FP,Rauh V,Tsai WY,et al.Effects of transplacental exposure to environmental pollutants on birth outcomes in a multiethnic population.[J].Environ Health Perspect,2003,111:201-205.
[10]Madhavon ND,Naidu KA.Pdycyctiearolnalie hydrocarbons in placenta,maternal blood,umbilical cord blood and milk of Indian women[J].Hum Exp Toxicol,1995,14:503-506.
[11]Perera F,Tang D,Whyatt R,et al.DNA damage from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons measured by benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adducts in mothers and newborns from Northern Manhattan,the World Trade Center Area,Poland,and China[J].Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev,2005,14:709-714.
[12]Suzuki Y,Niwa M,Yoshinaga J,et al.Prenatal exposure to phthalate esters and PAHs and birth outcomes[J].Environ Int,2010,36:699-704.
[13]Wilhelm M,Ghosh JK,Su J,et al.Traffic-related air toxics and preterm birth:a population-based case-control study in Los Angeles County,California[J].Environ Health,2011,10:1-12.
[14]Padula AM,Noth EM,Hammond SK,et al.Exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during pregnancy and risk of preterm birth[J].Environ Res,2014,135:221-226.
[15]Jedrychowski W,Perera FP,Tang D,et al.Impact of barbecued meat consumed in pregnancy on birth outcomes accounting for personal prenatal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons:birth cohort study in Poland[J].Nutrition,2012,28:372-377.
[16]Lamichhane DK,Leem JH,Kim HC,et al.Impact of prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from maternal diet on birth outcomes:a birth cohort study in Korea[J].Public Health Nutr,2016,19:2562-2571.
[17]成琳,李艳宁,邓云珺,等.母亲妊娠期多环芳烃暴露对新生儿体格发育的影响[J].环境与职业医学,2017,34(5):385-391.
[18]Wang L,Choi H.Using semiparametric-mixed model and functional linear model to detect vulnerable prenatal window to carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on fetal growth[J].Biom J,2014,56:243-245.
[19]Choi H,Lu W,Lin X,et al.Fetal window of vulnerability to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on proportional intrauterine growth restriction[J].Plos One,2012,7:e35464.
[20]Polanska K,Dettbarn G,Jurewicz J,et al.Effect of prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure on birth outcomes:the Polish mother and child cohort study[J].Biomed Res Int,2014,doi:10.1155/2014/408939.
[21]Maypole-Keenan CM,Symanski E,Stock TH,et al.Association between ambient levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and small for gestational age hispanic infants born along the United States-Mexico Border[J].J Immigr Minor Health,2016,18:143-149.
[22]Langlois PH,Hoyt AT,Desrosiers TA,et al.Maternal occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and small for gestational age offspring[J].Occup Environ Med,2014,71:529-535.
[23]Jedrychowski WA,Perera FP,Majewska R,et al.Depressed height gain of children associated with intrauterine exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH)and heavy metals:the cohort prospective study[J].Environ Res,2015,136:141-147.
[24]Jedrychowski WA,Perera FP,Maugeri U,et al.Long term effects of prenatal and postnatal airborne PAH exposures on ventilatory lung function of non-asthmatic preadolescent children:prospective birth cohort study in Krakow[J].Sci Total Environ,2015,502:502-509.
[25]Jedrychowski WA,Perera FP,Maugeri U,et al.Antihistamine medication may alleviate negative effects of prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH)on lung function in children:birth cohort prospective study[J].Pediatr Pulmonol,2015,50:469-478.
[26]Yi D,Yuan Y,Jin L,et al.Levels of PAH-DNA adducts in cord blood and cord tissue and the risk of fetal neural tube defects in a Chinese population[J].Neurotoxicology,2015,46:73-78.
[27]Perera F,Li TY,Zhou ZJ,et al.Benefits of reducing prenatal exposure to coal-burning pollutants to children's neurodevelopment in China[J].Environ Health Perspect,2008,116:1396-1400.
[28]李晓华,刘桂芝,贺巧云,等.太原市和长治市孕妇多环芳烃暴露与新生儿神经行为发育的研究[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2012,30(1):21-26.
[29]李晓华,张玢玢,杨生汝,等.太原市某医院孕妇尿中1-羟基芘水平与新生儿神经行为评分的关系[J].环境与职业医学,2011,28(4):224-228.
[30]Jedrychowski WA,Perera FP,Camann D,et al.Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and cognitive dysfunction in children[J].Environ Sci Pollut Res Int,2015,22:3631-3639.
[31]Edwards SC,Jedrychowski W,Butscher M,et al.Prenatal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and children’s intelligence at 5 years of age in a prospective cohort study in Poland[J].Environ Health Perspect,2010,118:1326-1331.
[32]Genkinger JM,Stigter L,Jedrychowski W,et al.Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH)exposure,antioxidant levels and behavioral development of children ages 6-9[J].Environ Res,2015,140:136-144.
[33]Roshandel G,Semnani S,Malekzadeh R,et al.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma[J].Arch Iran Med,2012,15:713-722.
[34]Tang WY,Levin L,Talaska G.Maternal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and 5'-CpG methylation of interferon-γin cord white blood cells[J].Environ Health Perspect,2012,120:1195-1200.
[35]He J,Ji X,Li Y,et al.Subchronic exposure of benzo(a)pyrene interferes with the expression of Bcl-2,Ki-67,C-myc and p53,Bax,caspase-3 in sub-regions of cerebral cortex and hippocampus[J].Exp Toxicol Pathol,2016,68:149-156.
[36]Nel AE,Diaz-Sanchez D,Li N.The role of particulate pollutants in pulmonary inflammation and asthma:evidence for the involvement of organic chemicals and oxidative stress[J].Curr Opin Pulm Med,2001,7:20-26.
[37]Dutta K,Ghosh D,Nazmi A,et al.A common carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene causes neuronal death in mouse via microglial activation[J].Plos One,2010,5:e9984.
[38]Patri M,Singh A,Mallick BN.Protective role of noradrenaline in benzo[a]pyrene-induced learning impairment in developing rat[J].J Neurosci Res,2013,91:1450-1462.
[39]Miller RL,Ho S.Environmental epigenetics and asthma[J].Am JResp Crit Care,2008,177:567-573.
[40]Chiesa C,Osborn JF,Haass C,et al.Ghrelin,leptin,IGF-1,IGFBP-3,and insulin concentrations at birth:is there a relationship with fetal growth and neonatal anthropometry[J].Clin Chem,2008,54:550-558.
[41]Street ME,Seghini P,Fieni S,et al.Changes in interleukin-6 and IGF system and their relationships in placenta and cord blood in newborns with fetal growth restriction compared with controls[J].Eur J Endocrinol,2006,155:567-574.
[42]Xu X,Yekeen TA,Xiao Q,et al.Placental IGF-1 and IGFBP-3expression correlate with umbilical cord blood PAH and PBDE levels from prenatal exposure to electronic waste[J].Environ Pollut,2013,182:63-69.
[43]Chepelev NL,Long AS,Bowers WJ,et al.Transcriptional profiling of the mouse hippocampus supports an NMDAR-mediated neurotoxic mode of action for benzo[a]pyrene[J].Environ Mol Mutagen,2016,57:350-363.