丙型肝炎相关超微结构及其应用进展
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摘要
丙型病毒性肝炎是一种由丙肝病毒(HCV)感染引起的病毒性肝炎,简称丙型肝炎或丙肝。近年来,丙型肝炎的发病率逐年上升,其不仅可导致肝脏慢性炎症和纤维化,部分还可发展成肝硬化甚至肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC),其中肝癌的发病率约为3%～10%,约1%～5%的患者死于HCC~([1])。丙型肝炎病程长、复发率高、治愈率低,早期发现和治疗可提高治愈率,对患者非常重要。然而现阶段对于丙型肝炎的诊断评估系统较为单一,从细胞超微结构水平上对其病变程度归纳总结还较少见报道。因此,参考丙型肝炎组织形态学结构和免疫组织化学细胞定位等方法,重点观察其超微结构,寻找丙型肝炎肝组织的特征性超微结构改变,为丙型肝炎的临床诊断提供新的辅助途径。本文主要就丙型肝炎的超微结构及其应用相关新进展进行综述。
引文
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[24] Miyanari Y, Atsuzawa K, Usuda N, et al. The lipid droplet is an important organelle for hepatitis C virus production [J]. Nat Cell Biol, 2007,9(9):1089-1097.
[25] Paul D, Madan V, Ramirez O, et al. Glycine Zipper motifs in hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 4B are required for the establishment of viral replication organelles[J]. J Virol, 2018,92(4): e01890-e01917.
[26] Ferraris P, Blanchard E, Roingeard P. Ultrastructural and biochemical analyses of hepatitis Cvirus-associated host cell membranes[J].J Gen Virol, 2010,91(9):2230-2237.
[27] Roingeard P. Viral detection by electron microscopy: past, present and future[J]. Biol Cell, 2008, 100(8):491-501.
[28] Baiocchini A, Montaldo C, Conigliaro A, et al. Extracellular matrix molecular remodeling in human liver fibrosis evolution[J]. PLoS One, 2016, 11(3):e0151736.
[29] Piver E, Boyer A, Gaillard J, et al. Ultrastructural organisation of HCV from the bloodstream of infected patients revealed by electron microscopy after specific immunocapture[J]. Gut,2017,66(8):1487-1495.
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[31] Hassan S, Mansy SS, Tabak SA, et al. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic morphometric image analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma in association of HCV infection[J]. Ultrastruct Pathol, 2018, 42(2):97-107.
[2] Yu X, Qiao M, Atanasov I, et al. Cryo-electron microscopy and three-dimensional reconstructions of hepatitis C virus particles[J].Virology,2007,367(1):126-134.
[3] 陈红松,窦晓光,段钟平,等.丙型肝炎防治指南(2015年更新版)[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志,2015,31(12):1961-1979.
[4] Freeman AJ, Dore GJ, Law MG, et al. Estimating progression to cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C virus infection[J]. Hepatology, 2001, 34(4 Pt 1):809-816.
[5] El-Serag HB, Rudolph KL. Hepatocelular carcinoma: epidemiology and molecular carcinogenesis [J]. Gastroenterology, 2007,132(7):2557-2576.
[6] Huang YW,Yang SS,Fu SC, et al. Increased risk of cirrhosis and its decompensation in chronic hepatitis C patients with new-onset diabetes: a nationwide cohort study [J]. Hepatology, 2014, 60(3):807-814.
[7] 吴韶彬,张明雅,林丽,等.福建省4市2014年丙肝报告质量分析[J], 海峡预防医学杂志,2016,22(5):17-19.
[8] Lagging M, Wejstl R, Duberg AS, et al. Treatment of hepatitis C virus infection for adults and children: updated Swedish consensus guidelines 2017[J]. Infect Dis (Lond), 2018:1-15.
[9] 曹军皓,黄前川. 丙肝病毒核心总抗原定量检测的临床应用[J]. 现代检验医学杂志, 2014,29(2):108-109,114.
[10] Goh GK, Dunker AK, Uversky VN. Correlating flavivirus virulence and levels of intrinsic disorder in shell proteins: protective roles vs. immune evasion[J]. Mol Biosyst, 2016,12(6):1881-1891.
[11] 韩春滔,冯晓丽,刘清梅.丙型肝炎核心抗原与丙型肝炎抗体联合检测的临床分析[J].中国医药指南,2013,11(28):68-69.
[12] Hellard ME, Chou R, Easterbrook P. WHO guidelines on testing for hepatitis B and C-meeting targets for testing[J]. BMC Infect Dis, 2017, 17(Suppl 1):703.
[13] Parry JV, Easterbrook P, Sands AR. One or two serological assay testing strategy for diagnosis of HBV and HCV infection? The use of predictive modeling[J]. BMC Infect Dis,2017,17 (Suppl1):705.
[14] Easterbrook PJ. Who to test and how to test for chronic hepatitis C infection-2016 WHO testing guidance for low- and middle-income countries[J]. J Hepatol, 2016, 65 (1 Suppl):S46-S66.
[15] Easterbrook PJ, Roberts T, et al. Diagnosis of viral hepatitis[J]. Curr Opin HIV AIDS, 2017,12(3):302-314.
[16] Mansy SS, Nosseir MM, Othman MM, et al. Spotlight on the three main hepatic fibrogenic cells in HCV-infected patients: Multiple immunofluorescence and ultrastructure study[J]. Ultrastruct Pathol,2016,40(5):276-287.
[17] Wieczorek A, St?pien PM, Zar?bska-Michaluk D, et al. Megamitochondria formation in hepatocytes of patient with chronic hepatitis C-a case report[J]. Clin Exp Hepatol, 2017, 3(3):169-175.
[18] 刘胜林. 丙肝病毒核心抗原的检测在诊断丙肝中的意义[J]. 继续医学教育, 2014,28(4):44-46.
[19] Saka HA, Valdivia RH.Emerging roles for lipid droplets in immunity and host-pathogen interactions[J]. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol, 2012,28:411-437.
[20] Nepomnyashchikh GI, Aidagulova SV, Nepomnyashchikh DL, et al.Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of hepatic stellate cells over the course of infectious viral fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver[J]. Bull Exp Biol Med, 2006,142(6):723-728.
[21] Syed GH, Khan M, Yang S, et al. Hepatitis C virus lipoviroparticles assemble in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and bud off from the ER to the golgi compartment in COPII vesicles[J]. J Virol, 2017,91(15): e00499-e00517.
[22] Asselah T, Bieche I, Mansouri A, et al. In vivo hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress in patients with chronic hepatitis C [J]. J Pathol,2010,221(3):264-274.
[23] Macquillan GC, Caterina P, de Boer B, et al. Ultra-structural localisation of hepatocellular PKR protein using immuno-gold labelling in chronic hepatitis C virus disease [J]. J Mol Histol, 2009,40(3):171-176.
[24] Miyanari Y, Atsuzawa K, Usuda N, et al. The lipid droplet is an important organelle for hepatitis C virus production [J]. Nat Cell Biol, 2007,9(9):1089-1097.
[25] Paul D, Madan V, Ramirez O, et al. Glycine Zipper motifs in hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 4B are required for the establishment of viral replication organelles[J]. J Virol, 2018,92(4): e01890-e01917.
[26] Ferraris P, Blanchard E, Roingeard P. Ultrastructural and biochemical analyses of hepatitis Cvirus-associated host cell membranes[J].J Gen Virol, 2010,91(9):2230-2237.
[27] Roingeard P. Viral detection by electron microscopy: past, present and future[J]. Biol Cell, 2008, 100(8):491-501.
[28] Baiocchini A, Montaldo C, Conigliaro A, et al. Extracellular matrix molecular remodeling in human liver fibrosis evolution[J]. PLoS One, 2016, 11(3):e0151736.
[29] Piver E, Boyer A, Gaillard J, et al. Ultrastructural organisation of HCV from the bloodstream of infected patients revealed by electron microscopy after specific immunocapture[J]. Gut,2017,66(8):1487-1495.
[30] Fernández-Ponce C, Durán-Ruiz MC, Narbona-Sánchez I, et al. Ultrastructural localization and molecular associations of HCV capsid protein in jurkat T cells[J]. Front Microbiol, 2017,8:2595.
[31] Hassan S, Mansy SS, Tabak SA, et al. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic morphometric image analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma in association of HCV infection[J]. Ultrastruct Pathol, 2018, 42(2):97-107.