棉花粉蚧以初孵若虫转换寄主后的适应能力研究
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摘要
在我国棉花粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley是一种重要的外来入侵害虫。其寄主范围广,对多种经济作物、园林观赏植物等存在严重威胁。本文观察研究了在寄主转换过程中该虫的主要生物学特征包括发育历期、存活率、雌成虫大小、产仔量等,结果表明:初孵若虫存活率以烟草上最高(87.9%),扶桑、棉花、蜀葵上较高,分别为76.0%、66.2%、66.7%,马缨丹上最低(35.4%);若虫发育历期以马缨丹上最长,为42.1 d,扶桑、棉花、蜀葵、烟草上分别为27.6、20.8、20.8、16.2 d;在马缨丹(8.7 d)、扶桑(9.3 d)、蜀葵(9.6 d)上蛹历期较长,在烟草(6.7 d)、棉花(6.9 d)上较短。烟草上雌成虫个体显著较大,体长为2 349.3μm;棉花(2 017.5μm)、扶桑(1 813.9μm)次之,马缨丹(1 658.0μm)、蜀葵(1 719.4μm)较小。雌成虫产仔量烟草、蜀葵、棉花、扶桑和马缨丹上分别为376.5粒/雌、209.2粒/雌、177.8粒/雌、94.0粒/雌、27.3粒/雌。转换至马缨丹上后棉花粉蚧从第2代开始生长发育进入稳定状态,但其生物学适应性显著较低,若虫发育历期均显著延长(36.4-40.5 d),存活率显著降低(31.0%-36.0%),单雌产仔量降低至25.9粒-35.0粒。从马缨丹转移至扶桑、棉花后3个世代,除了棉花上第2代、第3代若虫发育历期变短外,棉花粉蚧其他主要生物学参数均未有显著变化。
Cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley is an important invasive pest in China.It has a wide range hosts,and causes a serious threat to many kinds of crops,garden ornamental plants and so on.The major biological characteristics of the mealybug,including developmental duration,survival rate and female adult size,in the host shift,were observed in this paper.The results showed that survival rate of newly hatched nymphs was the highest with 87.9% on tobacco,the higher on hibiscus,cotton and alba with 76%,66.2%,66.7%,respectively,and the lowest with 35.4% on lantana.The developmental duration of nymph was the longest with 42.1 d on lantana,and 27.6 d,20.8 d,20.8 d,and 16.2 d on hibiscus,cotton,mallow and tobacco,respectively.Pupa duration was longer as 8.7 d,9.3 d and 9.6 d on lantana,hibiscus and mallow,and shorter as 6.7 d and 63.9 d on tobacco and cotton.The body length of female adult on tobacco was significantly larger as 2 349.3 μm,the secondarywere cotton(2 017.5 μm) and hibiscus(1 813.9 μm),and those with 1 658 μm and 1 719.4 μm on lantana and mallow were smaller.The fecundities of female adults were as 376.5,209.2,177.8,94.0 and 27.3 eggs/female on tobacco,mallow,cotton,hibiscus and lantana,respectively.After shifted to lantana from hibiscus,the mealybug began to grow in stable state from the second generation,but its adaptability decreased significantly.Nymph duration was significantly prolonged from 36.4 d to 40.5 d,and survival rate decreased to 31%-36%,and fecundity reduced to 25.9-35 eggs/female.In 3 generations after shifted from lantana to hibiscus and cotton,there were no significant changes in other major parameters of cotton mealybug,except for nymph durations shortening for nymphs in the second and third generation on cotton.
Cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley is an important invasive pest in China.It has a wide range hosts,and causes a serious threat to many kinds of crops,garden ornamental plants and so on.The major biological characteristics of the mealybug,including developmental duration,survival rate and female adult size,in the host shift,were observed in this paper.The results showed that survival rate of newly hatched nymphs was the highest with 87.9% on tobacco,the higher on hibiscus,cotton and alba with 76%,66.2%,66.7%,respectively,and the lowest with 35.4% on lantana.The developmental duration of nymph was the longest with 42.1 d on lantana,and 27.6 d,20.8 d,20.8 d,and 16.2 d on hibiscus,cotton,mallow and tobacco,respectively.Pupa duration was longer as 8.7 d,9.3 d and 9.6 d on lantana,hibiscus and mallow,and shorter as 6.7 d and 63.9 d on tobacco and cotton.The body length of female adult on tobacco was significantly larger as 2 349.3 μm,the secondarywere cotton(2 017.5 μm) and hibiscus(1 813.9 μm),and those with 1 658 μm and 1 719.4 μm on lantana and mallow were smaller.The fecundities of female adults were as 376.5,209.2,177.8,94.0 and 27.3 eggs/female on tobacco,mallow,cotton,hibiscus and lantana,respectively.After shifted to lantana from hibiscus,the mealybug began to grow in stable state from the second generation,but its adaptability decreased significantly.Nymph duration was significantly prolonged from 36.4 d to 40.5 d,and survival rate decreased to 31%-36%,and fecundity reduced to 25.9-35 eggs/female.In 3 generations after shifted from lantana to hibiscus and cotton,there were no significant changes in other major parameters of cotton mealybug,except for nymph durations shortening for nymphs in the second and third generation on cotton.
引文
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Huang F,Wang FF,Zhang ZJ,et al.EPG analysis of feeding behavior of the solenopsis mealybug,Phenacoccus solenopsis(Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae)before and after host shift[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2014,57(4):503-508.[黄芳,王飞飞,张治军,等.转换寄主前后扶桑绵粉蚧取食行为的EPG分析[J].昆虫学报,2014,57(4):503-508]
Huang F,Zhang PJ,Zhang JM,et al.Effects of three host plants on the development and reproduction of Phenacoccus solenopsis[J].Plant Protection,2011,37(4):58-62.[黄芳,张蓬军,章金明,等.三种寄主植物对扶桑绵粉蚧发育和繁殖的影响[J].植物保护,2011,37(4):58-62]
Huang F,Zhang Z,Li W,et al.Host plant probing analysis reveals quick settlement of the Solenopsis mealybug during host shift[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,2014,107(4):1419-1425.
Janzen,DH.When is it coevolution?[J].Evolution,1980,34(3):611-612.
Liu P,Ma H,Zhu QS,et al.Research progress of insect adaptability to their host plants[J].Biological Disaster Science,2016,39(4):250-254.[刘蓬,马惠,朱其松,等.昆虫对寄主植物适应性研究进展[J].生物灾害科学,2016,39(4):250-254]
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