现代废黄河口表层沉积物的年代际空间分布与主控因素
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摘要
基于现代废黄河口的不同年代表层沉积物粒度资料,研究了废河口区表层沉积物的年代际空间分布特征及变化趋势;结合水动力、地形地貌资料,探讨了影响表层沉积物空间格局的主控因素。研究结果表明,现代废黄河口表层沉积物空间分布存在限制的年代际变化特征,不同年代空间分布总体表现出近岸较粗、离岸变细的趋势。1992年研究区表层沉积物粒度总体较细;1992—2000年研究区表层沉积物显著粗化;2000—2007年大部分区域表层沉积物进一步粗化;2007—2015年研究区表层沉积物空间分布无明显变化。研究区表层沉积物的年代际空间分布特征受沉积动力环境及其导致的年代际冲—淤演变格局影响,随着研究区的抗侵蚀能力增强,其表层沉积物的空间分布基本无较大变化。
Inter-decadal variations in surface sediment distribution patterns off the recently abandoned Huanghe river mouth were studied based on the grain-size data of the surface sediment.Combined with the data of bathymetry and hydrodynamics off the abandoned river mouth,the key factors that control the temporal variations were discussed.The results indicate that the surface sediment off the recently abandoned Huanghe river mouth display a seaward fining trend at an inter-decadal scale.The mean grain size(Mz,inΦunit)of surface sediment reached its highest level in 1992.It was coarsening up from 1992 to 2000.During the period of 2000—2007,the sediment off the recently abandoned river mouth became coarser,while the surface sediments remained unchanged during the period of 2007—2015 in the study area.The variation of surface sediment is both controlled by hydrodynamics and erosion-deposition patterns of the study area.The spatial distribution of surface sediment almost kept stable with the increase in erosion resistance off the recently abandoned river mouth.
Inter-decadal variations in surface sediment distribution patterns off the recently abandoned Huanghe river mouth were studied based on the grain-size data of the surface sediment.Combined with the data of bathymetry and hydrodynamics off the abandoned river mouth,the key factors that control the temporal variations were discussed.The results indicate that the surface sediment off the recently abandoned Huanghe river mouth display a seaward fining trend at an inter-decadal scale.The mean grain size(Mz,inΦunit)of surface sediment reached its highest level in 1992.It was coarsening up from 1992 to 2000.During the period of 2000—2007,the sediment off the recently abandoned river mouth became coarser,while the surface sediments remained unchanged during the period of 2007—2015 in the study area.The variation of surface sediment is both controlled by hydrodynamics and erosion-deposition patterns of the study area.The spatial distribution of surface sediment almost kept stable with the increase in erosion resistance off the recently abandoned river mouth.
引文
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[16]刘勇,李广雪,邓声贵,等.废弃黄河三角洲侵蚀淤积演化[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2002,22:27-34.
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[18]庞家珍,姜明星.黄河河口演变(Ⅱ)——(二)1855年以来黄河三角洲流路变迁及海岸线变化及其他[J].海洋湖沼通报,2003(4):1-13.
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[20]胡春宏,吉祖稳,王涛.黄河口海洋动力特性与泥沙的输移扩散[J].泥沙研究,1996(4):2-11.
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[22]秦蕴珊,赵一阳,赵松龄.渤海地质[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.
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[24]Wentworth C K.A scale of grade and class tterms for clastic sediments[J].Journal of Geology,1922,30(5):377-392.
[25]Ren X Z,Chen S L,Dong P,et al.Spatial and temporal variations in grain size of surface sediments in the littoral area of Yellow River Delta[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2012,28(1A):44-53.
[26]金正华,王涛,尹宝树.浪、潮、风暴潮联合作用下的底应力效应[J].海洋与湖沼,1998,29(6):604-610.
[27]Bi N S,Yang Z S,Wang H J,et al.Sediment dispersion pattern off the present Huanghe(Yellow River)subdelta and its dynamic mechanism during normal river discharge period[J].Estuarine Coastal&Shelf Science,2010,86(3):352-362.
[28]Wu X,Bi N S,Xu J P,et al.Stepwise morphological evolution of the active Yellow River(Huanghe)delta lobe(1976—2013):Dominant roles of riverine discharge and sediment grain size[J].Geomorphology,2017,292:115-127.
[29]Chen S L,Zhang G A,Chen X Y,et al.Coastal erosion feature and mechanism at Feiyantan in the Yellow River delta[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2005,25(1):11-21.
[2]McLaren P,Bowles D.The effects of sediment transport on grain-size distributions[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1985,55(4):457-470.
[3]刘建国,李安春,徐兆凯.全新世以来渤海湾沉积物的粒度特征[J].海洋科学,2006,30(3):60-65.
[4]Blot S J,Pye K.A grain size distribution and statistics package for the analysis of unconsolidated sediments[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2001,26(11):1237-1248.
[5]Cheng G D,Xue C T.Sedimentary Geology of the Yellow River Delta[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1997.
[6]Bornhold B D,Yang Z S,Kekker G H,et al.Sedimentary framework of the modern Huanghe(Yellow River)delta[J].Geo-Marine Letters,1986,6(2):77-83.
[7]薛春汀.现代黄河三角洲叶瓣的划分和识别[J].地理研究,1994,13(2):59-66.
[8]李广雪,薛春汀.黄河水下三角洲沉积厚度、沉积速率及砂体形态[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1993,13(4):35-44.
[9]薛春汀,Eisma E,成国栋,等.黄河三角洲下三角洲平原沉积环境[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1993,13(1):33-40.
[10]Wang H J,Yang Z S,Saito Y,et al.Stepwise decreases of the Huanghe(Yellow River)sediment load(1950-2005):Impacts Climate Change and Human Activities[J].Global and Planetary Change,2007,57(3/4):331-354.
[11]Yang Z S,Milliman J D,Galler J,et al.Yellow river's water and sediment discharge decreasing steadily[J].Eos Transactions American Geophysical Union,2013,79(48):589-592.
[12]Bi N S,Wang H J,Yang Z S.Recent changes in the erosion-accretion patterns of the active Huanghe(Yellow River)delta lobe caused by human activities[J].Continental Shelf Research,2014,90:70-78.
[13]Chu Z X,Sun X G,Zhai S K,et al.Changing pattern of accretion/erosion of the modern Yellow River(Huanghe)subaerial delta,China:Based on remote sensing images[J].Marine Geology,2006,227(1/2):13-30.
[14]Wang H J,Yang Z S,Li G X,et al.Wave climate modeling on the abandoned Huanghe(Yellow River)Delta lobe and related deltaic erosion[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2006,22(4):906-918.
[15]陈沈良,张国安,谷国传.黄河三角洲海岸强侵蚀机理及治理对策[J].水利学报,2004,35(7):1-6.
[16]刘勇,李广雪,邓声贵,等.废弃黄河三角洲侵蚀淤积演化[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2002,22:27-34.
[17]王厚杰,原晓军,王燕,等.现代黄河三角洲废弃神仙沟—钓口叶瓣的演化及其动力机制[J].泥沙研究,2010(4):51-60.
[18]庞家珍,姜明星.黄河河口演变(Ⅱ)——(二)1855年以来黄河三角洲流路变迁及海岸线变化及其他[J].海洋湖沼通报,2003(4):1-13.
[19]任于灿.现代黄河水下三角洲的地貌特征及演化[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1992,12(4):59-68.
[20]胡春宏,吉祖稳,王涛.黄河口海洋动力特性与泥沙的输移扩散[J].泥沙研究,1996(4):2-11.
[21]任美锷,史运良.黄河输沙及其对渤海、黄海沉积作用的影响[J].地理科学,1986,6(1):1-12.
[22]秦蕴珊,赵一阳,赵松龄.渤海地质[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.
[23]庞家珍,司书亨.黄河河口演变Ⅱ.河口水文特征及泥沙淤积分布[J].海洋与湖沼,1980,11(4):295-305.
[24]Wentworth C K.A scale of grade and class tterms for clastic sediments[J].Journal of Geology,1922,30(5):377-392.
[25]Ren X Z,Chen S L,Dong P,et al.Spatial and temporal variations in grain size of surface sediments in the littoral area of Yellow River Delta[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2012,28(1A):44-53.
[26]金正华,王涛,尹宝树.浪、潮、风暴潮联合作用下的底应力效应[J].海洋与湖沼,1998,29(6):604-610.
[27]Bi N S,Yang Z S,Wang H J,et al.Sediment dispersion pattern off the present Huanghe(Yellow River)subdelta and its dynamic mechanism during normal river discharge period[J].Estuarine Coastal&Shelf Science,2010,86(3):352-362.
[28]Wu X,Bi N S,Xu J P,et al.Stepwise morphological evolution of the active Yellow River(Huanghe)delta lobe(1976—2013):Dominant roles of riverine discharge and sediment grain size[J].Geomorphology,2017,292:115-127.
[29]Chen S L,Zhang G A,Chen X Y,et al.Coastal erosion feature and mechanism at Feiyantan in the Yellow River delta[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2005,25(1):11-21.