辽东湾表层沉积物重金属污染特征及潜在生态危害评价
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摘要
为了解辽东湾海域表层沉积物重金属的污染特征,利用原子吸收分光光度法及原子荧光法测定了辽东湾33个站位表层沉积物中Hg、Cu、Pb、Cd、Cr、Zn及As共7种重金属的含量,同时应用地累积指数法及潜在生态风险评价法对辽东湾海域进行了污染程度及潜在生态风险评价。结果表明:(1)重金属相关性及主因子分析表明,辽东湾表层沉积物中Zn、Cu、Pb、Cr、Cd、As和Hg可能具有同一污染源;(2)辽东湾海域表层沉积物中Hg、Cu、Pb、Cd、Cr、Zn、As的平均质量浓度分别为0. 09、18. 81、20. 55、0. 35、34. 15、52. 94、5. 84 mg/kg;(3)重金属污染程度由高到低依次为:Cd> Hg> Cu> Pb> Zn> As> Cr;(4)单个重金属生态风险由高到低依次为:Hg> Cd> As> Cu> Pb> Cr> Zn,研究海域除锦州湾13号站位附近具有很高的生态风险外,其他海域生态风险处于轻微或中等生态危害水平。
In order to understand the pollution characteristics of heavy metals in surface sediments of Liaodong bay,the concentrations of heavy metals including Hg,Cu,Pb,Cd,Cr,Zn,As in 33 samples were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometric. The index of geoaccumulation and the potential ecological risk index were then employed to evaluate the pollution degree and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the sediments. The results indicate that the average contents of Hg,Cu,Pb,Cd,Cr,Zn,As in Liaodong bay are 0. 09,18. 81,20. 55,0. 35,34. 16,52. 94,5. 84 mg/kg,respectively. The pollution level of heavy metals in sediment by geoaccumulation index( Igeo) follows the order: Cd > Hg > Cu > Pb > Zn > As > Cr. The potential ecological risk of heavy metals in sediments by the potential ecological risk factors( Eri) follows the order: Hg > Cd > As > Cu > Pb > Cr > Zn. The potential ecological risk of most study area is in the low and medium level,except for 13 stations in the Jinzhou Bay which is in the relatively severe level.
In order to understand the pollution characteristics of heavy metals in surface sediments of Liaodong bay,the concentrations of heavy metals including Hg,Cu,Pb,Cd,Cr,Zn,As in 33 samples were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometric. The index of geoaccumulation and the potential ecological risk index were then employed to evaluate the pollution degree and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the sediments. The results indicate that the average contents of Hg,Cu,Pb,Cd,Cr,Zn,As in Liaodong bay are 0. 09,18. 81,20. 55,0. 35,34. 16,52. 94,5. 84 mg/kg,respectively. The pollution level of heavy metals in sediment by geoaccumulation index( Igeo) follows the order: Cd > Hg > Cu > Pb > Zn > As > Cr. The potential ecological risk of heavy metals in sediments by the potential ecological risk factors( Eri) follows the order: Hg > Cd > As > Cu > Pb > Cr > Zn. The potential ecological risk of most study area is in the low and medium level,except for 13 stations in the Jinzhou Bay which is in the relatively severe level.
引文
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[14]周笑白,梅鹏蔚,彭露露,等.渤海湾表层沉积物重金属含量及潜在生态风险评价[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(3):452-456.
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[20]杨耀芳,曹维,朱志清,等.杭州湾海域表层沉积物中重金属污染物的累积及其潜在生态风险评价[J].海洋开发与管理,2013,30(1):51-58.
[21]郑琳,刘艳,袁媛,等.渤海倾倒区沉积物重金属富集特征及其潜在生态风险评价[J].海洋通报,2014,33(3):342-348.
[22]刘文新,李向东.深圳湾水域中重金属在不同相间的分布特征[J].环境科学学报,2002,22(3):305-309.
[23]白有成,高生泉,金海燕,等.长江口及邻近海域沉积物重金属潜在生态风险评价[J].海洋学研究,2011,29(4):32-42.
[24]RODRGUEZ J A,NANOS N,GRAU J M,et al. Multiscale anal-ysis of heavy metal contents in Spanish agricultural topsoils[J].Chemosphere,2008,70(6):1085-1096.
[25]刘俊华,王文华,彭安.北京市二个主要工业区汞污染及其来源的初步研究[J].环境科学学报,1998,18(3):331-336.
[26]魏大成.环境中砷的来源[J].国外医学:医学地理分册,2003,24(4):173-175.
[2]CHAPMAN P M,WANGF Y,ADAMS W J,et al. Appropriate ap-plications of sediment quality values for metals and metalloids[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,1999,33(22):3937-3941.
[3]SCHUBEL R J. The estuary as a filter for fine grained suspendedsediments in the estuarine environment[J]. Technical Repor-tReld,1983(14):310-313.
[4]陈江麟,刘文新,刘书臻,等.渤海表层沉积物重金属污染评价[J].海洋科学,2004,28(12):16-21.
[5]VALLEE B L,ULMER D D. Biochemical effects of mercury,cad-mium,and lead[J]. Annual Review of Biochemistry,1972,41:91-128.
[6]GERSTENBERGER S L,MARTINSON A,KRAMER J L. An e-valuation of mercury concentrations in three brands of canned tu-na[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2010,29(2):237-242.
[7]张现荣,张勇,叶青,等.辽东湾北部海域沉积物重金属环境质量和污染演化[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2012,32(2):21-29.
[8]周秀艳,王恩德.辽东湾潮间带底质重金属污染地累积指数评价[J].安全与环境学报,2004,4(2):22-24.
[9]周秀艳,李宇斌,王恩德,等.辽东湾湿地重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学与技术,2004,27(5):60-62.
[10]孙钦帮,陈燕珍,孙丽艳,等.辽东湾西部海域表层沉积物重金属的含量分布与污染评价[J].应用海洋学学报,2015,34(1):73-79.
[11]蓝先洪,顾兆峰,密蓓蓓,等.渤海西部表层沉积物中重金属的环境地球化学特征[J].现代地质,2017,31(2):367-373.
[12]孙钦帮,王阳,张冲,等.渤海湾西南部近岸海域表层沉积物重金属的含量分布与污染评价[J].人民珠江,2016,37(10):89-93.
[13]王惠艳,陈亮,胡树起,等.渤海湾西部海域表层沉积物重金属的含量分布与评价[J].物探与化探,2016,40(3):609-613.
[14]周笑白,梅鹏蔚,彭露露,等.渤海湾表层沉积物重金属含量及潜在生态风险评价[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(3):452-456.
[15]MLLER G. Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the RhineRiver[J]. Geo Journal,1969,2(3):108-118.
[16]中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.
[17] HKANSON L. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollutioncontrol. A sedimentological approach[J]. Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[18]李杰,祁士华,王向琴,等.海南小海沉积物中的重金属分布特征及潜在生态风险评价[J].安全与环境工程,2008,15(2):18-22.
[19]董爱国,翟世奎,于增慧,等.长江口海域表层沉积物重金属元素的潜在生态风险评价[J].海洋科学,2010,34(3):69-75.
[20]杨耀芳,曹维,朱志清,等.杭州湾海域表层沉积物中重金属污染物的累积及其潜在生态风险评价[J].海洋开发与管理,2013,30(1):51-58.
[21]郑琳,刘艳,袁媛,等.渤海倾倒区沉积物重金属富集特征及其潜在生态风险评价[J].海洋通报,2014,33(3):342-348.
[22]刘文新,李向东.深圳湾水域中重金属在不同相间的分布特征[J].环境科学学报,2002,22(3):305-309.
[23]白有成,高生泉,金海燕,等.长江口及邻近海域沉积物重金属潜在生态风险评价[J].海洋学研究,2011,29(4):32-42.
[24]RODRGUEZ J A,NANOS N,GRAU J M,et al. Multiscale anal-ysis of heavy metal contents in Spanish agricultural topsoils[J].Chemosphere,2008,70(6):1085-1096.
[25]刘俊华,王文华,彭安.北京市二个主要工业区汞污染及其来源的初步研究[J].环境科学学报,1998,18(3):331-336.
[26]魏大成.环境中砷的来源[J].国外医学:医学地理分册,2003,24(4):173-175.