西伯利亚杏种实性状地理变异分析
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摘要
为了了解不同种源西伯利亚杏种实性状地理变异规律,进而为优良繁殖材料的调拨、适宜栽培区和优良种源的选择提供参考依据,以我国西伯利亚杏天然分布区内19个地理种源的西伯利亚杏种实为研究对象,采用方差分析、相关分析等方法分析其种实性状的地理变异情况。结果表明:西伯利亚杏19个种源间种实性状存在丰富的遗传变异。其中,西伯利亚杏百粒核质量和百粒仁质量与其种实形态特征指标间均呈极显著的正相关关系(除百粒核质量与仁厚外);西伯利亚杏杏核越小,其出仁率越高;西伯利亚杏的出仁率随种源地纬度的增加而增加,随种源地海拔的增高而减少;杏仁的厚度与7月均温有着极为显著的正相关关系;西伯利亚杏杏核、杏仁的大小与质量指标和各种源地无霜期的长短均呈显著相关;日照时数越多,西伯利亚杏种仁积累的干物质则越多,其出仁率也就越高。
In order to understand some geographical variation rules of seed characteristics in Armeniaca sibirica from different provenances, and to provide some theoretical bases for allocation of fine breeding materials and selection of suitable cultivation areas and fine provenances, using A. sibirica seeds from 19 geographical provenances at natural distribution areas in China, geographic variation status of A. sibirica seed characteristics from different provenances was analyzed by means of variance analysis and correlation analysis. The results showed that A. sibirica seed characteristics from 19 provenances had rich genetic variation. Except 100-stone mass and kernel thickness, morphological characteristic indexes of seeds had very significant positive correlations with 100-stone mass and 100-kernel mass. Smaller A. sibirica stone, and higher kernel rate. Kernel rate in A. sibirica was increased with increase of provenance latitude and was decreased with increase of provenance altitude. Kernel thickness had a very significant positive correlation with mean temperature in July. Size and mass of stone and kernel had significant correlations with frost-free period at provenances.More sunlight time made A. sibirica kernel accumulate more dry materials and have higher kernel rate.
In order to understand some geographical variation rules of seed characteristics in Armeniaca sibirica from different provenances, and to provide some theoretical bases for allocation of fine breeding materials and selection of suitable cultivation areas and fine provenances, using A. sibirica seeds from 19 geographical provenances at natural distribution areas in China, geographic variation status of A. sibirica seed characteristics from different provenances was analyzed by means of variance analysis and correlation analysis. The results showed that A. sibirica seed characteristics from 19 provenances had rich genetic variation. Except 100-stone mass and kernel thickness, morphological characteristic indexes of seeds had very significant positive correlations with 100-stone mass and 100-kernel mass. Smaller A. sibirica stone, and higher kernel rate. Kernel rate in A. sibirica was increased with increase of provenance latitude and was decreased with increase of provenance altitude. Kernel thickness had a very significant positive correlation with mean temperature in July. Size and mass of stone and kernel had significant correlations with frost-free period at provenances.More sunlight time made A. sibirica kernel accumulate more dry materials and have higher kernel rate.
引文
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[15]廖柏勇,陈丽君,王芳,等.苦楝种源果核和种子性状地理变异的趋势面分析[J].林业科学研究,2016,29(5):784-792.
[16]王艺林,吕东,刘贤德,等.5个种源文冠果果实和种子表型性状变异分析[J].经济林研究,2018,36(3):38-47.
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[20]张芸香,刘晶晶,郭晋平,等.山西省文冠果种子形态特征及地理种源差异性研究[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(22):39-45.
[2]王利兵.我国3种杏属植物的地理分布和植物学性状的调查[J].林业科学研究,2010,23(3):435-439.
[3]王利兵.三种山杏资源调查与其分布规律[J].林业资源管理,2011(5):65-70.
[4]程鹏,束庆龙,徐小牛,等.现代林业理论与应用[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2007.
[5]秦国锋,周志春.中国马尾松优良种质资源[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2012.
[6]李亚峰,宁明世,张胜利,等.山杏等四种灌木树种的种源苗期试验[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2005,26(4):17-22.
[7]段国珍,田有亮,白淑兰,等.内蒙古不同种源山杏核仁性状表型多样性[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(11):2935-2941.
[8]尹明宇,姜仲茂,朱绪春,等.内蒙古山杏种群表型变异[J].植物生态学报,2016,40(10):1090-1099.
[9]包哈森高娃.不同种源山杏苗期生长特征对干旱胁迫的响应[J].内蒙古林业科技,2015,41(4):5-8.
[10]刘淑明,孙丙寅,贺安乾,等.西部地区文冠果种群种子特征及主要化学成分的地理变化[J].林业利学,2012,48(4):43-48.
[11]郭淑清.青藏高原东部植物种子大小与海拔及气候关系研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2007.
[12]杨晓霞,冷平生,郑健,等.暴马丁香不同种源种子和幼苗的表型性状变异及其与地理-气候因子的相关性[J].植物资源与环境学报,2016,25(3):80-89.
[13]郑健,胡增辉,郑勇奇,等.花楸树种源间表型性状的地理变异分析[J].植物资源与环境学报,2012,21(3):50-56.
[14]文珊娜,姜清彬,仲崇禄,等.灰木莲不同种源种子形态变异分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(7):7-11.
[15]廖柏勇,陈丽君,王芳,等.苦楝种源果核和种子性状地理变异的趋势面分析[J].林业科学研究,2016,29(5):784-792.
[16]王艺林,吕东,刘贤德,等.5个种源文冠果果实和种子表型性状变异分析[J].经济林研究,2018,36(3):38-47.
[17]何应会,蒋燚,黄荣林,等.不同种源江南油杉球果种子品质差异[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(11):38-41,83.
[18]邓云鹏,雷静品,潘磊,等.6个栓皮栎种源种子形态及其幼苗生长的比较[J].林业科学研究,2016,29(2):294-300.
[19]于顺利,陈宏伟,李晖.种子重量的生态学研究进展[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(6):989-997.
[20]张芸香,刘晶晶,郭晋平,等.山西省文冠果种子形态特征及地理种源差异性研究[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(22):39-45.