中国西北旱区暴雨水汽输送研究进展
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摘要
为突破中国西北旱区水汽输送分析分歧大、难深入的瓶颈,本文在梳理、剖析以前工作的基础上,先重点分析、评述了西北核心旱区夏秋季及晚春暴雨的水汽源地、水汽输送路径和模型的研究进展,也指出仍存在的问题。主要结论如下:(1)西北区范围大,地形分隔明显,不同季节各地的降水环流变化也大,各地的水汽源地等差异大是合理的,应分区分季节分别研究。(2)先就西北区东、西部分别简洁地总结了该两区夏季主雨、主干旱的盛行组合环流型。(3)在夏秋季我国东部、河西走廊地区先后相继出现副热带高压(简称副高)西伸、偏东风等特定有利流型下,台海水汽能借助西伸副高南侧的东南风急流等三支急(气)流,沿一逆"之"字形路径,被接力输送到西北核心旱区,再与北方槽冷空气交绥致雨。即核心旱区的主要水汽源地在台海区,其水汽输送动态过程详图也被构建。那是核心旱区夏秋暴雨水汽输送的主要型态之一。(4)在春季,特别是晚春,若孟湾、我国东部及河西分别相继出现孟湾西南气流、晚春南下弱冷高压阻挡及河西偏东风流型背景下,孟湾水汽亦能借助孟湾西南急流等三支急(气)流,沿环绕高原东边缘的半圆形路径,被"三棒接力"输送到核心旱区致雨。即:孟湾也是影响西北核心旱区春季,特别是晚春暴雨的另一重要水汽源地。
To break through the bottleneck of water vapor transport( WVT) studies in the past 20 years,the WVT for the center arid areas( CAA) of heavy rain in summer and late spring in Northwest China( NWC) were particularly investigated in the paper. The main conclusions are as follows:( 1) Since the NWC covers a large areas,which has many orography obstruct and with changeable precipitation circulation,it is reasonable that there are different water vapor sources for its various subregions of NWC including North-and South-Xinjiang,Qinghai Plateau,and so on. They should be studied by different subregions and seasons,respectively.( 2) The prevail precipitation combined circulation patterns in east-and west-part of NWC in summer have already summed up.( 3) Under the particularly favorable circulation pattern with 500 h Pa subtropical high extending westward( SHEW) in East China and by east wind in Gansu Corridor,the water vapor in Taiwan Strait Region( TSR)can rely on the three jets including Southeast monsoon jet over South China et al,following a counter ‘Z 'shaped path,which are relayed and transported in the order into the CAA. The moving status detail picture of their WVT process has been constituted. The TSR is the main water vapor source,which is the main WVT pattern in the CAA in summer and autumn rainstorms.( 4) And similarly,another kind of WVT pattern in late spring has been explored jointly by Tao Jianhong et al. Under the circulation pattern with the Southwest jet in the Bay of Bengal( BB),the weak and cold high pressure( not the SHEW) in East China and the east wind over Gansu Corridor,the water vapor in BB can rely on the three jets including SW jet in BB et al,following the half circular shaped path around the east edge of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,are relayed and transported into the CAA. Namely,the BB might be another water vapor source of the late spring rainstorm in CAA.
To break through the bottleneck of water vapor transport( WVT) studies in the past 20 years,the WVT for the center arid areas( CAA) of heavy rain in summer and late spring in Northwest China( NWC) were particularly investigated in the paper. The main conclusions are as follows:( 1) Since the NWC covers a large areas,which has many orography obstruct and with changeable precipitation circulation,it is reasonable that there are different water vapor sources for its various subregions of NWC including North-and South-Xinjiang,Qinghai Plateau,and so on. They should be studied by different subregions and seasons,respectively.( 2) The prevail precipitation combined circulation patterns in east-and west-part of NWC in summer have already summed up.( 3) Under the particularly favorable circulation pattern with 500 h Pa subtropical high extending westward( SHEW) in East China and by east wind in Gansu Corridor,the water vapor in Taiwan Strait Region( TSR)can rely on the three jets including Southeast monsoon jet over South China et al,following a counter ‘Z 'shaped path,which are relayed and transported in the order into the CAA. The moving status detail picture of their WVT process has been constituted. The TSR is the main water vapor source,which is the main WVT pattern in the CAA in summer and autumn rainstorms.( 4) And similarly,another kind of WVT pattern in late spring has been explored jointly by Tao Jianhong et al. Under the circulation pattern with the Southwest jet in the Bay of Bengal( BB),the weak and cold high pressure( not the SHEW) in East China and the east wind over Gansu Corridor,the water vapor in BB can rely on the three jets including SW jet in BB et al,following the half circular shaped path around the east edge of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,are relayed and transported into the CAA. Namely,the BB might be another water vapor source of the late spring rainstorm in CAA.
引文
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