基于LMDZ模型的西北干旱区水汽再循环率分析
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摘要
局地水汽再循环是陆地水循环过程的重要环节。在我国西北干旱区水汽再循环的绝对量虽然有限,但对区域降水的贡献(即水汽再循环率)却不容忽视。本文基于嵌套同位素模块的LMDZ模式模拟数据,运用同位素混合模型,对西北干旱区1979—2007年水汽再循环率的时空特征及其作用机制进行了分析。结果表明:研究时段内,外来水汽对降水的月尺度和年尺度贡献率都明显高于再循环水汽,季节上呈夏高冬低,年际上呈逐渐上升的态势;而再循环水汽的贡献率较低,呈夏季低冬季高且逐年下降(冬半年植物蒸腾水汽的贡献率在年际上呈上升趋势)的特点。外来水汽对降水的贡献率存在空间差异,山区附近的值往往较高,荒漠平原区的值则较低。就地表蒸发与植物蒸腾而言,地表蒸发对降水的贡献率整体低于植物蒸腾,但在小范围地区也有相反的规律。外来水汽和地表蒸发水汽的贡献量与其贡献率的空间分布特征基本一致,而植物蒸腾水汽在山区的贡献量高于荒漠平原区。
As an important link in the process of land water cycle,the contribution of local moisture recycling to precipitation in the arid region in northwest China cannot be ignored although its absolute amount is relatively limited. Based on the isotopic data simulated by LMDZ simulations,the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and mechanism of the contribution proportion of recycled moisture during the period from 1979 to 2007 in the arid region in northwest China were analyzed by the isotopic mixing model. Results showed that the monthly and interannual contribution rate of advection moisture to precipitation was obviously higher than that of recycled moisture during the study period,it was high in summer but low in winter,and increased gradually at annual scale. Oppositely,the monthly and interannual contribution rate of recycled moisture to precipitation was relatively low,it was low in summer but high in winter,and decreased year by year( the interannual contribution proportion of plant transpiration moisture increased in winter half year). Spatially,the contribution proportion of advection moisture was different,and it was high in mountainous areas but low in desert plains. The contribution proportion of evaporation vapor was lower than that of plant transpiration vapor in most areas,but it was opposite in some regions. The spatial distribution of the contribution amount of advection vapor and surface evaporation vapor was consistent with its contribution rate,while the contribution amount of plant transpiration vapor was higher in mountainous areas than that in desert plains.
As an important link in the process of land water cycle,the contribution of local moisture recycling to precipitation in the arid region in northwest China cannot be ignored although its absolute amount is relatively limited. Based on the isotopic data simulated by LMDZ simulations,the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and mechanism of the contribution proportion of recycled moisture during the period from 1979 to 2007 in the arid region in northwest China were analyzed by the isotopic mixing model. Results showed that the monthly and interannual contribution rate of advection moisture to precipitation was obviously higher than that of recycled moisture during the study period,it was high in summer but low in winter,and increased gradually at annual scale. Oppositely,the monthly and interannual contribution rate of recycled moisture to precipitation was relatively low,it was low in summer but high in winter,and decreased year by year( the interannual contribution proportion of plant transpiration moisture increased in winter half year). Spatially,the contribution proportion of advection moisture was different,and it was high in mountainous areas but low in desert plains. The contribution proportion of evaporation vapor was lower than that of plant transpiration vapor in most areas,but it was opposite in some regions. The spatial distribution of the contribution amount of advection vapor and surface evaporation vapor was consistent with its contribution rate,while the contribution amount of plant transpiration vapor was higher in mountainous areas than that in desert plains.
引文
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[7]王圣杰,张明军.新疆天山降水稳定同位素的时空特征与影响因素[J].第四纪研究,2017,37(5):1 119-1 130.[Wang Shengjie,Zhang Mingjun.Spatio-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of stable isotopes in precipitation across the Chinese Tianshan Mountains[J].Quaternary Sciences,2017,37(5):1 119-1 130.]
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[9]Xu Y W,Kang S C,Zhang Y L,et al.A method for estimating the contribution of evaporative vapor from Nam Co to local atmospheric vapor based on stable isotopes of water bodies[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2011,56(14):1 511-1 517.
[10]Cui B L,Li X Y.Stable isotopes reveal sources of precipitation in the Qinghai Lake Basin of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,527-528:26-37.
[11]Kong Y,Pang Z,Froehlich K.Quantifying recycled moisture fraction in precipitation of an arid region using deuterium excess[J].Hydrology&Earth System Sciences,2013,65(1):388-402.
[12]Peng T R,Liu K K,Wang C H,et al.A water isotope approach to assessing moisture recycling in the island-based precipitation of Taiwan:A case study in the Western Pacific[J].Water Resources Research,2011,47(8):2 168-2 174.
[13]Phillips D L,Gregg J W.Uncertainty in source partitioning using stable isotopes[J].Oecologia,2001,127(2):171-179.
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[15]Li Z,Qi F,Wang Q J,et al.Contributions of local terrestrial evaporation and transpiration to precipitation usingδ18O and D-excess as a proxy in Shiyang inland river basin in China[J].Global&Planetary Change,2016,146:140-151.
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[20]章新平,孙治安,张新主,等.东亚降水中δ18O的GCM模拟及其与GNIP实测值的比较[J].第四纪研究,2012,32(1):67-80.[Zhang Xinping,Sun Zhi’an,Zhang Xinzhu,et al.Intercomparison ofδ18O in precipitation simulated by isotopic GCMs with GNIP observations over East Asia[J].Quaternary Sciences,2012,32(1):67-80.]
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[23]陈亚宁.中国西北干旱区水资源研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.[Chen Yaning.Study on Water Resources in Arid Region of Northwest China[M].Bejing:Science Press,2014.]
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[28]胡增运,胡汝骥,周启鸣,等.亚洲中部干旱区干湿时空变化特征[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(2):260-268.[Hu Zengyun,Hu Ruji,Zhou Qiming,et al.Spatiotemporal variation of wetting or drying in the arid regions in Central Asia[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(2):260-268.]
[29]姚俊强,杨青,毛炜峄,等.西北干旱区大气水分循环要素变化研究进展[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(2):269-276.[Yao Junqiang,Yang Qing,Mao Weiyi,et al.Progress of study on variation of atmospheric water cycle factors over arid region in Northwest China[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(2):269-276.]
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