涡分辨率全球海洋环流模式LICOM模拟的吕宋海峡流场的季节变化
|
摘要
分析了一个1/10°的涡分辨率全球环流模式LICOM(LASG/IAP Climate system Ocean Model)对吕宋海峡附近海洋环流的模拟能力。结果表明,模拟的吕宋海峡附近上层环流及输运具有明显的季节变化特征,除6月是东向净流出外,其余月份均为西向流入,冬季流量最大。年平均流量在-3.76 Sv(1 Sv=106 m3/s),其中上层(600 m以上)流量起主要贡献,为-3.60 Sv,与目前已有的研究结果基本一致。南海通过6个海峡完成与外界的水交换,其中吕宋海峡和巴拉巴克海峡是大洋水进入南海的主要通道,其余海峡均以流出为主,流出量最大的是台湾海峡(1.99 Sv),其次是卡里玛塔海峡(1.03 Sv)。进一步分析表明,由季风引起的埃克曼输送量约占吕宋海峡流量的11%,而由季风引起的吕宋海峡压力梯度形成的西向的地转流对吕宋海峡的输运起支配作用。作为黑潮源头的太平洋北赤道流流量对吕宋海峡输运的季节变化也有一定影响。
The LASG/IAP climate system ocean model(LICOM), a quasi-global 1/10° eddy-resolving ocean general circulation model, was used to simulate the seasonal variation of water exchange in the Luzon Strait. The seasonal variation in the upper circulation and the Luzon Strait Transport(LST) were found to be significant. Except for the eastward LST in June, westward LST dominates all other months. The biggest LST occurs in winter. The mean LST is estimated to be approximately-3.76 Sv(1 Sv=106 m3/s), and the upper-layer(600 m) flux is the major contributor(-3.60 Sv). The South China Sea(SCS) exchanges waters with its adjacent oceans through six straits. The Luzon Strait and the Balabac Strait are the main channels through which the ocean water flows into the SCS. The Taiwan Strait(1.99 Sv) and the Karimata Strait(1.03 Sv) take the first and second places of the four outflow straits. A mechanism analysis shows that Ekman transport caused by monsoon events accounts for only 11% of the LST. However, the westward geostrophic current, resulting from a pressure gradient caused by monsoon events, plays a dominant role in the water exchange of the Luzon Strait. As the source of the Kuroshio, the North Equatorial Current also has some impact on the seasonal variation of the LST.
The LASG/IAP climate system ocean model(LICOM), a quasi-global 1/10° eddy-resolving ocean general circulation model, was used to simulate the seasonal variation of water exchange in the Luzon Strait. The seasonal variation in the upper circulation and the Luzon Strait Transport(LST) were found to be significant. Except for the eastward LST in June, westward LST dominates all other months. The biggest LST occurs in winter. The mean LST is estimated to be approximately-3.76 Sv(1 Sv=106 m3/s), and the upper-layer(600 m) flux is the major contributor(-3.60 Sv). The South China Sea(SCS) exchanges waters with its adjacent oceans through six straits. The Luzon Strait and the Balabac Strait are the main channels through which the ocean water flows into the SCS. The Taiwan Strait(1.99 Sv) and the Karimata Strait(1.03 Sv) take the first and second places of the four outflow straits. A mechanism analysis shows that Ekman transport caused by monsoon events accounts for only 11% of the LST. However, the westward geostrophic current, resulting from a pressure gradient caused by monsoon events, plays a dominant role in the water exchange of the Luzon Strait. As the source of the Kuroshio, the North Equatorial Current also has some impact on the seasonal variation of the LST.
引文
鲍献文,鞠霞,吴德星.2009.吕宋海峡120°E断面水交换特征[J].中国海洋大学学报,39(1):1–6.Bao Xianwen,Ju Xia,Wu Dexing.2009.Characteristics of water exchange across 120°E section in the Luzon Strait[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China(in Chinese),39(1):1–6.
蔡树群,刘海龙,李薇.2002.南海与邻近海洋的水通量交换[J].海洋科学进展,20(3):29–34.Cai Shuqun,Liu Hailong,Li Wei.2002.Water transport exchange between the South China Sea and its adjacent seas[J].Advance in Marine Science(in Chinese),20(3):29–34.
Cai S Q,Liu H L,Li W,et al.2005.Application of LICOM to the numerical study of the water exchange between the South China Sea and its adjacent oceans[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,24(4):10–19.
Centurioni L R,Niiler P P,Lee D K.2004.Observations of inflow of Philippine Sea surface water into the South China Sea through the Luzon Strait[J].J.Phys.Oceanogr.,34(1):113–121.
陈兆云,张振昌,江毓武,等.2009.Argos浮标及模型反演吕宋海峡区域流场季节变化特征[J].厦门大学学报,48(5):719–724.Chen Zhaoyun,Zhang Zhenchang,Jiang Yuwu,et al.2009.Seasonal variation of Kuroshio at Luzon Strait studied with Argos and numerical model[J].Journal of Xiamen University(in Chinese),48(5):719–724.
Chern C S,Wang J.1998.A numerical study of the summertime flow around the Luzon Strait[J].Journal of Oceanography,54(1):53–64.
Chu P C,Li R F.2000.South China Sea isopycnal-surface circulation[J].J.Phys.Oceanogr.,30(9):2419–2438.
Dong D P,Zhou W D,Yang Y,et al.2008.Diagnostic calculations and discussions on main outflow passage of South China Sea[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,27(6):1–5.
Fang G H,Wei Z X,Choi B,et al.2003.Interbasin freshwater,heat and salt transport through the boundaries of the East and South China Seas from a variable-grid global ocean circulation model[J].Science in China,46(2):149 –161.
Fang G H,Wang Y G,Wei Z X,et al.2009.Interocean circulation and heat and freshwater budgets of the South China Sea based on a numerical model[J].Dyn.Atmos.Oceans,47(1-3):55–72.
Farris A,Wimbush M.1996.Wind-induced Kuroshio intrusion into the South China Sea[J].Journal of Oceanography,52(6):771–784.
Gibson J K,Kallberg S,Uppalpa S,et al.1997.ERA Description,ECMWF Reanalysis Project Report Series 1[R].European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast.UK:Reading,66.
Godfrey J S.1989.A Sverdrup model of the depth-integrated flow for the world ocean allowing for island circulations[J].Geophys.Astrophys.Fluid Dyn.,45(1-2):89–112.
郭忠信,杨天鸿,仇德忠.1985.冬季南海暖流及其右侧的西南向海流[J].热带海洋,4(1):1–9.Guo Zhongxin,Yang Tianhong,Qiu Dezhong.1985.The South China Sea warm current and the SW-ward current on its right side in winter[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography(in Chinese),4(1):1–9.
Han G Q,Huang W G.2009.Low-frequency sea-level variability in the South China Sea and its relationship to ENSO[J].Theoretical and applied climatology,97:41–52.
Hu J Y,Kawanura Y,Hong H S,et al.2001.3–6 months variation of sea surface height in the South China Sea and its adjacent ocean[J].Journal of Oceanography,57(1):69–78.
胡筱敏,熊学军,乔方利,等.2008.利用漂流浮标资料对黑潮及其邻近海域表层流场及其季节分布特征的分析研究[J].海洋学报,30(6):1–16.Hu Xiaomin,Xiong Xuejun,Qiao Fangli,et al.2008.Surface current field and seasonal variability in the Kuroshio and adjacent regions derived from satellite tracked drifter data[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica(in Chinese),30(6):1–16.
黄企洲.1983.巴士海峡黑潮流速和流量的变化[J].热带海洋,2(1):35–41.Huang Qizhou.1983.Variations of velocity and transport of the Kuroshio in the Bashi Channel[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography(in Chinese),2(1):35–41.
黄企洲.1984.巴士海峡的海洋学状况[M]//南海海洋科学集刊.北京:科学出版社,6:53–67.Huang Qizhou.1984.The oceanographic conditions in the Bashi Channel[M]//Proceeding of Oceanography of South China Sea(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,6:53–67.
Large W,Yeager S.2004.Diurnal to decadal global forcing for ocean and sea-ice models:The data sets and flux climatologies[R].NCAR/TN-460+STR,105.
Levitus S,Boyer T P.1994.World Ocean Atlas 1994:Volume 4:Temperature[R].NOAA Atlas NESDIS4,U.S.Department of Commerce,Washington D C,117.
Li L,Jing C S,Zhu D Y.2007.Couping and propagation of mesoscale sea level variability between the western Pacific and the South China Sea[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,52(12):1699–1707.
李立,伍伯瑜.1989.黑潮的南海流套?——南海东北部环流结构探讨[J].台湾海峡,8(1):89–95.Li Li,Wu Boyu.1989.A Kuroshio loop in South China Sea?-On circulations of the Northeastern South China Sea[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait(in Chinese),8(1):89–95.
Liang W D,Tang T,Yang Y,et al.2003.Upper-ocean currents around Taiwan[J].Deep Sea Research Part II:Topical Studies in Oceanography,50 (6-7):1085–1105.
Liu Q Y,Feng M,Wang D X.2011.ENSO-induced interannual variability in the southeastern South China Sea[J].Journal of Oceanography,67(1):127 –133.
刘秦玉,刘倬腾,郑世培,等.1996.黑潮在吕宋海峡的形变及动力机制[J].青岛海洋大学学报,26(4):413–419.Liu Qinyu,Liu Zhuoteng,Zheng Shipei,et al.1996.The deformation of Kuroshio in the Luzon Strait and its dynamics[J].Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao(in Chinese),26(4):413–419.
刘秦玉,杨海军,李薇,等.2000.吕宋海峡纬向海流及质量输送[J].海洋学报,22(2):1–8.Liu Qinyu,Yang Haijun,Li Wei,et al.2000.Velocity and transport of the zonal current in the Luzon Strait[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica(in Chinese),22(2):1–8.
刘秦玉,潘爱军,刘征宇.2003.太平洋北赤道流区上层海洋季节内振荡及斜压稳定性[J].海洋与湖沼,34(1):94–100.Liu Qinyu,Pan Aijun,Liu Zhengyu.2003.Intraseasonal oscillation and baroclinic instability of upper layer ocean in the North Equator Current[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica(in Chinese),34(1):94–100.
Mesinger F,Janjic Z I.1985.Problems and numerical methods of incorporation of mountains in atmospheric models[R].Lectures in Applied Mathematics.Amer.Math.Soc.,81–119.
Metzger E J,Hurlburt H E.1996.Coupled dynamics of the South China Sea,the Sulu Sea,and the Pacific Ocean[J].J.Geophys.Res.,101(C5):12331–12352.
Metzger E J,Hurlburt H E.2001.The importance of high horizontal resolution and accurate coastline geometry in modeling South China Sea inflow[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,28(6):1059–1062.
Pu S Z,Yu H L,Jiang S N.1992.Branchings of Kuroshio into Bashi Channel and South China Sea[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,11(2):1–8.
仇德忠,杨天鸿,郭忠信.1984.夏季南海北部一支向西流动的海流[J].热带海洋,3(4):65–73.Qiu Dezhong,Yang Tianhong,Guo Zhongxin.1984.A west-flowing current in the northern part of the South China Sea in summer[J].Tropic Oceanology(in Chinese),3(4):65–73.
Qu T D.2000.Upper-layer circulation in the South China Sea[J].J.Phys.Oceanogr.,30(6):1450–1460.
Qu T D.2002.Evidence for water exchange between the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean through the Luzon Strait[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,21(2):175–185.
Qu T D,Kim Y Y,Yaremchuk M,et al.2004.Can Luzon Strait transport play a role in conveying the impact of ENSO to the South China Sea?[J]J.Climate,17(18):3644–3657.
Qu T D,Mitsudera H,Yamagata T.2000.Intrusion of the North Pacific waters into the South China Sea[J].J.Geophys.Res.,105(C3):5415–6424.
Rayner N A,Brohan P,Parker D E,et al.2006.Improved analyses of changes and uncertainties in sea surface temperature measured in situ since the mid-nineteenth century:The HadSST2 data set[J].J.Climate,19 (3):446–469.
R?ske F.2001.An atlas of surface fluxes based on the ECMWF reanalysis—A climatological dataset to force global ocean general circulation models[R].Germany,Hamburg MPI:Report No.323,31.
苏纪兰.2005.南海环流动力学机制研究综述[J].海洋学报,27(6):1–8.Su Jilan.2005.Overview of the South China Sea circulation and its dynamics[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica(in Chinese),27(6):1–8.
Tian J W,Yang Q X,Liang X F,et al.2006.Observation of Luzon Strait transport[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,33,L19607,doi:10.1029/2006GL026272.
Wang D X,Liu Q Y,Huang R X,et al.2006.Interannual variability of the South China Sea throughflow inferred from wind data and an ocean data assimilation product[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,33 L14605,doi:10.1029/2006GL026316.
Wang G H,Chen D K,Su J L.2008.Winter eddy genesis in the Eastern South China Sea due to orographic wind jets[J].J.Phys.Oceanogr.,38(3):726–732.
Wang Q Y,Cui H,Zhang S W,et al.2009.Water transports through the four main straits around the South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,27(2):229–236.
Wang G H,Wang D X,Zhou T J.2012.Upper layer circulation in the Luzon Strait[J].Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management,15(1):39–45.
Watts J D C.1971.A general review of the oceanography of the northern sector of South China Sea[J].Hong Kong Fish Bull.,2:41-50.
Wyrtki K.1961.Physical oceanography of the Southeast Asian waters.Scientific results of marine investigations of the South China Sea and gulf of Thailand 1959–1961[R].NAGA Rep.No.2,University of California,Scripps Institution of Oceanography,La Jolla,California,195 pp.
Yu Y Q,Liu H L,Lin P F.2012.A quasi-global 1/10°eddy-resolving ocean general circulation model and its preliminary results[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,57(30):3908–3916,doi:10.1007/s11434-012-5234-8.
Yuan D L,Han W Q,Hu D X.2006.Surface Kuroshio path in the Luzon Strait area derived from satellite remote sensing data[J].J.Geophys.Res.,111 ,C11007,doi:10.1029/2005JC003412.
Zhang M Y,Li Y S,Wang W Z,et al.1995.A three dimensional numerical circulation model of the South China Sea in winter[C]//In Proceedings of Symposium of Marine Sciences in Taiwan Strait and Its Adjacent Waters.Beijing:China Ocean Press,73–82.
赵伟,侯一筠,乐肯堂,等.2007.吕宋海峡水交换季节变化的数值研究[J].海洋与湖沼,38(6):495–503.Zhao Wei,Hou Yijun,Le Kentang,et al.2007.Numerical study on seasonal variation of water exchange in the Luzon Strait[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica(in Chinese),38(6):495 –503.
蔡树群,刘海龙,李薇.2002.南海与邻近海洋的水通量交换[J].海洋科学进展,20(3):29–34.Cai Shuqun,Liu Hailong,Li Wei.2002.Water transport exchange between the South China Sea and its adjacent seas[J].Advance in Marine Science(in Chinese),20(3):29–34.
Cai S Q,Liu H L,Li W,et al.2005.Application of LICOM to the numerical study of the water exchange between the South China Sea and its adjacent oceans[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,24(4):10–19.
Centurioni L R,Niiler P P,Lee D K.2004.Observations of inflow of Philippine Sea surface water into the South China Sea through the Luzon Strait[J].J.Phys.Oceanogr.,34(1):113–121.
陈兆云,张振昌,江毓武,等.2009.Argos浮标及模型反演吕宋海峡区域流场季节变化特征[J].厦门大学学报,48(5):719–724.Chen Zhaoyun,Zhang Zhenchang,Jiang Yuwu,et al.2009.Seasonal variation of Kuroshio at Luzon Strait studied with Argos and numerical model[J].Journal of Xiamen University(in Chinese),48(5):719–724.
Chern C S,Wang J.1998.A numerical study of the summertime flow around the Luzon Strait[J].Journal of Oceanography,54(1):53–64.
Chu P C,Li R F.2000.South China Sea isopycnal-surface circulation[J].J.Phys.Oceanogr.,30(9):2419–2438.
Dong D P,Zhou W D,Yang Y,et al.2008.Diagnostic calculations and discussions on main outflow passage of South China Sea[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,27(6):1–5.
Fang G H,Wei Z X,Choi B,et al.2003.Interbasin freshwater,heat and salt transport through the boundaries of the East and South China Seas from a variable-grid global ocean circulation model[J].Science in China,46(2):149 –161.
Fang G H,Wang Y G,Wei Z X,et al.2009.Interocean circulation and heat and freshwater budgets of the South China Sea based on a numerical model[J].Dyn.Atmos.Oceans,47(1-3):55–72.
Farris A,Wimbush M.1996.Wind-induced Kuroshio intrusion into the South China Sea[J].Journal of Oceanography,52(6):771–784.
Gibson J K,Kallberg S,Uppalpa S,et al.1997.ERA Description,ECMWF Reanalysis Project Report Series 1[R].European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast.UK:Reading,66.
Godfrey J S.1989.A Sverdrup model of the depth-integrated flow for the world ocean allowing for island circulations[J].Geophys.Astrophys.Fluid Dyn.,45(1-2):89–112.
郭忠信,杨天鸿,仇德忠.1985.冬季南海暖流及其右侧的西南向海流[J].热带海洋,4(1):1–9.Guo Zhongxin,Yang Tianhong,Qiu Dezhong.1985.The South China Sea warm current and the SW-ward current on its right side in winter[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography(in Chinese),4(1):1–9.
Han G Q,Huang W G.2009.Low-frequency sea-level variability in the South China Sea and its relationship to ENSO[J].Theoretical and applied climatology,97:41–52.
Hu J Y,Kawanura Y,Hong H S,et al.2001.3–6 months variation of sea surface height in the South China Sea and its adjacent ocean[J].Journal of Oceanography,57(1):69–78.
胡筱敏,熊学军,乔方利,等.2008.利用漂流浮标资料对黑潮及其邻近海域表层流场及其季节分布特征的分析研究[J].海洋学报,30(6):1–16.Hu Xiaomin,Xiong Xuejun,Qiao Fangli,et al.2008.Surface current field and seasonal variability in the Kuroshio and adjacent regions derived from satellite tracked drifter data[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica(in Chinese),30(6):1–16.
黄企洲.1983.巴士海峡黑潮流速和流量的变化[J].热带海洋,2(1):35–41.Huang Qizhou.1983.Variations of velocity and transport of the Kuroshio in the Bashi Channel[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography(in Chinese),2(1):35–41.
黄企洲.1984.巴士海峡的海洋学状况[M]//南海海洋科学集刊.北京:科学出版社,6:53–67.Huang Qizhou.1984.The oceanographic conditions in the Bashi Channel[M]//Proceeding of Oceanography of South China Sea(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,6:53–67.
Large W,Yeager S.2004.Diurnal to decadal global forcing for ocean and sea-ice models:The data sets and flux climatologies[R].NCAR/TN-460+STR,105.
Levitus S,Boyer T P.1994.World Ocean Atlas 1994:Volume 4:Temperature[R].NOAA Atlas NESDIS4,U.S.Department of Commerce,Washington D C,117.
Li L,Jing C S,Zhu D Y.2007.Couping and propagation of mesoscale sea level variability between the western Pacific and the South China Sea[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,52(12):1699–1707.
李立,伍伯瑜.1989.黑潮的南海流套?——南海东北部环流结构探讨[J].台湾海峡,8(1):89–95.Li Li,Wu Boyu.1989.A Kuroshio loop in South China Sea?-On circulations of the Northeastern South China Sea[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait(in Chinese),8(1):89–95.
Liang W D,Tang T,Yang Y,et al.2003.Upper-ocean currents around Taiwan[J].Deep Sea Research Part II:Topical Studies in Oceanography,50 (6-7):1085–1105.
Liu Q Y,Feng M,Wang D X.2011.ENSO-induced interannual variability in the southeastern South China Sea[J].Journal of Oceanography,67(1):127 –133.
刘秦玉,刘倬腾,郑世培,等.1996.黑潮在吕宋海峡的形变及动力机制[J].青岛海洋大学学报,26(4):413–419.Liu Qinyu,Liu Zhuoteng,Zheng Shipei,et al.1996.The deformation of Kuroshio in the Luzon Strait and its dynamics[J].Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao(in Chinese),26(4):413–419.
刘秦玉,杨海军,李薇,等.2000.吕宋海峡纬向海流及质量输送[J].海洋学报,22(2):1–8.Liu Qinyu,Yang Haijun,Li Wei,et al.2000.Velocity and transport of the zonal current in the Luzon Strait[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica(in Chinese),22(2):1–8.
刘秦玉,潘爱军,刘征宇.2003.太平洋北赤道流区上层海洋季节内振荡及斜压稳定性[J].海洋与湖沼,34(1):94–100.Liu Qinyu,Pan Aijun,Liu Zhengyu.2003.Intraseasonal oscillation and baroclinic instability of upper layer ocean in the North Equator Current[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica(in Chinese),34(1):94–100.
Mesinger F,Janjic Z I.1985.Problems and numerical methods of incorporation of mountains in atmospheric models[R].Lectures in Applied Mathematics.Amer.Math.Soc.,81–119.
Metzger E J,Hurlburt H E.1996.Coupled dynamics of the South China Sea,the Sulu Sea,and the Pacific Ocean[J].J.Geophys.Res.,101(C5):12331–12352.
Metzger E J,Hurlburt H E.2001.The importance of high horizontal resolution and accurate coastline geometry in modeling South China Sea inflow[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,28(6):1059–1062.
Pu S Z,Yu H L,Jiang S N.1992.Branchings of Kuroshio into Bashi Channel and South China Sea[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,11(2):1–8.
仇德忠,杨天鸿,郭忠信.1984.夏季南海北部一支向西流动的海流[J].热带海洋,3(4):65–73.Qiu Dezhong,Yang Tianhong,Guo Zhongxin.1984.A west-flowing current in the northern part of the South China Sea in summer[J].Tropic Oceanology(in Chinese),3(4):65–73.
Qu T D.2000.Upper-layer circulation in the South China Sea[J].J.Phys.Oceanogr.,30(6):1450–1460.
Qu T D.2002.Evidence for water exchange between the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean through the Luzon Strait[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,21(2):175–185.
Qu T D,Kim Y Y,Yaremchuk M,et al.2004.Can Luzon Strait transport play a role in conveying the impact of ENSO to the South China Sea?[J]J.Climate,17(18):3644–3657.
Qu T D,Mitsudera H,Yamagata T.2000.Intrusion of the North Pacific waters into the South China Sea[J].J.Geophys.Res.,105(C3):5415–6424.
Rayner N A,Brohan P,Parker D E,et al.2006.Improved analyses of changes and uncertainties in sea surface temperature measured in situ since the mid-nineteenth century:The HadSST2 data set[J].J.Climate,19 (3):446–469.
R?ske F.2001.An atlas of surface fluxes based on the ECMWF reanalysis—A climatological dataset to force global ocean general circulation models[R].Germany,Hamburg MPI:Report No.323,31.
苏纪兰.2005.南海环流动力学机制研究综述[J].海洋学报,27(6):1–8.Su Jilan.2005.Overview of the South China Sea circulation and its dynamics[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica(in Chinese),27(6):1–8.
Tian J W,Yang Q X,Liang X F,et al.2006.Observation of Luzon Strait transport[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,33,L19607,doi:10.1029/2006GL026272.
Wang D X,Liu Q Y,Huang R X,et al.2006.Interannual variability of the South China Sea throughflow inferred from wind data and an ocean data assimilation product[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,33 L14605,doi:10.1029/2006GL026316.
Wang G H,Chen D K,Su J L.2008.Winter eddy genesis in the Eastern South China Sea due to orographic wind jets[J].J.Phys.Oceanogr.,38(3):726–732.
Wang Q Y,Cui H,Zhang S W,et al.2009.Water transports through the four main straits around the South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,27(2):229–236.
Wang G H,Wang D X,Zhou T J.2012.Upper layer circulation in the Luzon Strait[J].Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management,15(1):39–45.
Watts J D C.1971.A general review of the oceanography of the northern sector of South China Sea[J].Hong Kong Fish Bull.,2:41-50.
Wyrtki K.1961.Physical oceanography of the Southeast Asian waters.Scientific results of marine investigations of the South China Sea and gulf of Thailand 1959–1961[R].NAGA Rep.No.2,University of California,Scripps Institution of Oceanography,La Jolla,California,195 pp.
Yu Y Q,Liu H L,Lin P F.2012.A quasi-global 1/10°eddy-resolving ocean general circulation model and its preliminary results[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,57(30):3908–3916,doi:10.1007/s11434-012-5234-8.
Yuan D L,Han W Q,Hu D X.2006.Surface Kuroshio path in the Luzon Strait area derived from satellite remote sensing data[J].J.Geophys.Res.,111 ,C11007,doi:10.1029/2005JC003412.
Zhang M Y,Li Y S,Wang W Z,et al.1995.A three dimensional numerical circulation model of the South China Sea in winter[C]//In Proceedings of Symposium of Marine Sciences in Taiwan Strait and Its Adjacent Waters.Beijing:China Ocean Press,73–82.
赵伟,侯一筠,乐肯堂,等.2007.吕宋海峡水交换季节变化的数值研究[J].海洋与湖沼,38(6):495–503.Zhao Wei,Hou Yijun,Le Kentang,et al.2007.Numerical study on seasonal variation of water exchange in the Luzon Strait[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica(in Chinese),38(6):495 –503.