基于长期观测的辽东湾口东部海域水动力特征研究
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摘要
辽东湾口东部海域是辽东湾与渤海中部进行物质和能量交换的主要通道之一。本文利用坐底式海床基平台获取的近8个月的水动力连续观测资料,通过谱分析和调和分析方法对该海域的潮汐、潮流特征进行分析,并讨论了余流及底层温度的季节变化规律。研究结果表明:该海域潮汐属于不规则半日潮,平均潮差为0.95m,最大可能潮差为2.27m。潮流属于不规则半日潮流,M2分潮流为其优势分潮流。主要分潮流运动形式为往复流,最大流速方向为西南-东北向。余流的季节性特征较为明显:秋季,余流流速在中层达到最大,流向以西南向为主;冬季,余流流速垂向变化较小,并呈西南偏西向流动;春季,流速随深度增加而减小,流向从表层至底层呈现逆时针旋转的特征。受底层潮流、水平温度梯度及海面温度日变化的影响,底层温度表现出短期的高频变化特征:秋季,短期振荡以半日周期信号为主;冬季,全日周期信号较为显著;春季,短期振荡的现象较弱。
The sea area in the eastern part of Liaodong Bay Mouth is a key passage through which the mass and energy are exchanged between the Liaodong Bay and the central Bohai Sea.In this paper,based on the eight-month continuous observed data obtained from the seabed based platform,we firstly analyzed the characteristics of tide and tidal current,and then discussed the seasonal variation regularities of residual current and sea bottom temperature in the sea area by means of spectral and harmonic analysis.The results were shown as follows:the tide in the sea area was an irregular semi-diurnal one with the mean tidal range 0.95 mand the maximum possible tidal range 2.27 m,respectively.The tidal current was an irregular semi-diurnal one,and the M2 tidal current constituent was dominant.The motion type of the principle tidal current constituents was rectilinear,with the maximum tidal velocity in the direction of southwest-northeast.The residual current showed remarkable seasonal features.In autumn,the residual current flowed southwestward and showed a parabolic-shaped profile,with the maximum velocity observed in the mid-layer.In winter,the residual current flowed in the direction of west-southwest with little variability of velocity in vertical.In spring,the residual current,showing a cyclonic spiral,was weakened from the surface to the bottom layers.Affected by tidal current,horizontal temperature gradient in the sea bottom and diurnal variation of SST,the high-frequency variation of bottom temperature was observed in the bottom layer.In autumn,the signal of semi-diurnal period was dominant,whereas in winter the signal of diurnal period was notable.These pulses of short-term variability were considerably suppressed in spring.
The sea area in the eastern part of Liaodong Bay Mouth is a key passage through which the mass and energy are exchanged between the Liaodong Bay and the central Bohai Sea.In this paper,based on the eight-month continuous observed data obtained from the seabed based platform,we firstly analyzed the characteristics of tide and tidal current,and then discussed the seasonal variation regularities of residual current and sea bottom temperature in the sea area by means of spectral and harmonic analysis.The results were shown as follows:the tide in the sea area was an irregular semi-diurnal one with the mean tidal range 0.95 mand the maximum possible tidal range 2.27 m,respectively.The tidal current was an irregular semi-diurnal one,and the M2 tidal current constituent was dominant.The motion type of the principle tidal current constituents was rectilinear,with the maximum tidal velocity in the direction of southwest-northeast.The residual current showed remarkable seasonal features.In autumn,the residual current flowed southwestward and showed a parabolic-shaped profile,with the maximum velocity observed in the mid-layer.In winter,the residual current flowed in the direction of west-southwest with little variability of velocity in vertical.In spring,the residual current,showing a cyclonic spiral,was weakened from the surface to the bottom layers.Affected by tidal current,horizontal temperature gradient in the sea bottom and diurnal variation of SST,the high-frequency variation of bottom temperature was observed in the bottom layer.In autumn,the signal of semi-diurnal period was dominant,whereas in winter the signal of diurnal period was notable.These pulses of short-term variability were considerably suppressed in spring.
引文
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[14]陈达熙,孙湘平,浦泳修,等.渤海黄海东海海洋图集(水文)[M].北京:海洋出版社,1992.Chen Daxi,Sun Xiangping,Pu Yongxiu,et al.Marine Atlas of Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea,East China Sea(Hydrology)[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,1992.
[15]方国洪,郑文振,陈宗镛,等.潮汐和潮流的分析和预报[M].北京:海洋出版社,1986:9-11.Fang Guohong,Zheng Wenzhen,Chen Zongyong,et al.Prediction and analysis of tides and tidal currents[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,1986:9-11.
[16]黄祖珂,黄磊.潮汐原理与计算[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2005:235.Huang Zuke,Huang Lei.Principle and calculation of tide[M].Qingdao:China Ocean University Press,2005:235.
[17]Fang G H,Ichiye T.On the vertical structure of tidal currents in a homogeneous sea[J].Geophy J AstrSoc,1983(73):65-82.
[18]JTJ213-98.海港水文规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,1998.JTJ213-98.Code of hydrology for sea harbour[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,1998.
[19]Fang Y,Fang G H,Zhang Q H.Numerical simulation and dynamic study of the wintertime circulation of the Bohai Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2000,18(1):1-9.
[2]赵保仁,庄国文,曹德明.渤海的环流、潮余流及其对沉积物分布的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,1995,26(5):466-473.Zhao Baoren,Zhuang Guowen,Cao Deming.Circulation,tidal residual currents and their effects on the sedimentations in the Bohai Sea[J].Oceanologia et Limnologica Sinica,1995,26(5):466-473.
[3]吴冠,王锡侯,刘恒魁.辽东湾顶浅海区海流分布特征[J].海洋通报,1991,10(5):8-13.Wu Guan,Wang Xihou,Liu Hengkui.Characteristics of current distribution in shallow water area at Liaodong Bay-head[J].Marine Science Bulletin,1991,10(5):8-13.
[4]张彦龙.芷锚湾附近海域潮流及余流分析[J].海洋通报,1997,16(1):92-96.Zhang Yanlong.Analysis of tidal and residual currents in the sea area near the Zhimao Bay[J].Marine Science Bulletin,1997,16(1):92-96.
[5]Qiao L L,Bao X W,Wu D X.The observed currents in summer in the BohaiSea[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2008,26(2):130-136.
[6]匡国瑞,张琦,戴煜芝.渤海中部长期流的观测与余流分析[J].海洋湖沼通报,1991,2:1-11.Kuang Guorui,Zhang Qi,Dai Yuzhi.Observation of long-term current and analysis of residual current in the central Bohai Sea[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,1991,2:1-11.
[7]娄安刚,王学昌,吴德星,等.渤海中部一个月实测潮流资料分析[J].海洋科学,2002,26(11):23-27.Lou Angang,Wang Xuechang,Wu Dexing,et al.Analysis of one months current data observed in middle of Bohai Sea[J].Marine Science,2002,26(11),23-27.
[8]江文胜,吴德星,高会旺.渤海夏季底层环流的观测与模拟[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2002,32(4):511-518.Jiangwensheng,Wu Dexing,Gao Huiwang.The observation and simulation of bottom circulation in the Bohai Sea in summer[J].Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao,2002,32(4):511-518.
[9]曾定勇,倪晓波,黄大吉.南麂岛附近海域潮汐和潮流的特征[J].海洋学报,2012,34(3):1-10.Zeng Dingyong,Ni Xiaobo,Huang Daji.Harmonic analysis of tide and tidal current near Nanji Island,Zhejiang Province[J].Haiyang Xuebao,2012,34(3):1-10.
[10]Zhu X H,Ma Y L,Guo X Y,et al.Tidal and residual currents in the Qiongzhou Strait estimated from shipboard ADCP data using a modified tidal harmonic analysis method[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,2014,119:1-22.
[11]于凯本,刘忠臣,魏泽勋,等.浅水区抗拖网ADCP海床基的研制[J].海洋技术,2012,31(1):41-44.Yu Kaiben,Liu Zhongchen,Wei Zexun,et al.Design of trawl resistant seabed based system with ADCP in shallow water[J].Ocean Technology,2012,31(1):41-44.
[12]胡展铭,史文奇,张淑芳,等.金普湾春季海床基实测海流分析[J].海洋环境科学,2013,33(2):220-225.Hu Zhanming,Shi Wenqi,Zhang Shufang,et al.Current observed in spring by seabed platform in Jinpu Bay[J].Marine Environmental Science,2013,33(2):220-225.
[13]Pawlowicz R,Beardsley B,Lentz S.Classical tidal harmonic analysis lncluding error estimates in MATLAB using T_TIDE[J].Computers and Geosciences,2002,28:929-937.
[14]陈达熙,孙湘平,浦泳修,等.渤海黄海东海海洋图集(水文)[M].北京:海洋出版社,1992.Chen Daxi,Sun Xiangping,Pu Yongxiu,et al.Marine Atlas of Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea,East China Sea(Hydrology)[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,1992.
[15]方国洪,郑文振,陈宗镛,等.潮汐和潮流的分析和预报[M].北京:海洋出版社,1986:9-11.Fang Guohong,Zheng Wenzhen,Chen Zongyong,et al.Prediction and analysis of tides and tidal currents[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,1986:9-11.
[16]黄祖珂,黄磊.潮汐原理与计算[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2005:235.Huang Zuke,Huang Lei.Principle and calculation of tide[M].Qingdao:China Ocean University Press,2005:235.
[17]Fang G H,Ichiye T.On the vertical structure of tidal currents in a homogeneous sea[J].Geophy J AstrSoc,1983(73):65-82.
[18]JTJ213-98.海港水文规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,1998.JTJ213-98.Code of hydrology for sea harbour[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,1998.
[19]Fang Y,Fang G H,Zhang Q H.Numerical simulation and dynamic study of the wintertime circulation of the Bohai Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2000,18(1):1-9.