农民参加化肥农药减施增效技术培训的实证分析
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摘要
中国化肥和农药施用过量,由此引发的环境污染、损害健康和农产品质量安全问题日趋严重。为实现2020年化肥农药使用量力争零增长目标和十九大提出的以质量兴农、绿色兴农为目标,提升农产品质量与安全的要求。基于安徽、山东、湖北三省,五县(区、市),水稻、苹果、蔬菜、茶叶4个产业作为项目区410份调查问卷,通过构建农民参加化肥农药减施增效技术培训的意愿和担忧模型,对农民参加化肥农药减施增效技术培训的影响因素进行实证分析,结果表明:没有流转土地、使用过有机肥、参加过测土配方施肥技术培训、可以接受的培训时间越长的农民越愿意参加化肥农药减施增效技术培训;化肥使用次数越多、当地有产地检验、对之前的培训效果越差的农民对采用新技术施肥用药越担忧。提出开展化肥农药减施增效技术培训的对策建议:划分不同产业,开展精确化培训;按照实际需求,开展精准化培训;按照农民特征,开展精细化培训。
Excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in China has caused serious environmental pollution, health damage and problems of agricultural products' quality and safety. To realize the goal of zero growth in the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in 2020 and the goal of quality-building agriculture and green agriculture stated by the 19 th CPC National Congress, the requirements for the quality and safety of agricultural products were raised. We selected rice, apple, vegetable and tea industry of five counties(districts and cities) in Anhui, Shandong and Hubei as the project areas, and collected 410 questionnaires to build the willingness and worry model of farmers to participate in the technical training of chemical fertilizer and pesticide reduction and efficiency enhancement. An empirical analysis was conducted to clarify the influencing factors of farmers' participation in the training. The results showed that farmers who had no land transfer but the experience of using organic fertilizers, participated in soil testing and fertilization training and had more time to be involved in were willing to participate in the technical training of chemical fertilizer and pesticide reduction and efficiency enhancement; farmers who frequently used chemical fertilizers,were under local origin inspection, and had poor previous training experience were worried about adopting new technologies of fertilizer and pesticide use. We put forward suggestions on carrying out the technical training of chemical fertilizer and pesticide reduction and efficiency enhancement, including targeted training according to industry division, actual needs and the characteristics of farmers.
Excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in China has caused serious environmental pollution, health damage and problems of agricultural products' quality and safety. To realize the goal of zero growth in the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in 2020 and the goal of quality-building agriculture and green agriculture stated by the 19 th CPC National Congress, the requirements for the quality and safety of agricultural products were raised. We selected rice, apple, vegetable and tea industry of five counties(districts and cities) in Anhui, Shandong and Hubei as the project areas, and collected 410 questionnaires to build the willingness and worry model of farmers to participate in the technical training of chemical fertilizer and pesticide reduction and efficiency enhancement. An empirical analysis was conducted to clarify the influencing factors of farmers' participation in the training. The results showed that farmers who had no land transfer but the experience of using organic fertilizers, participated in soil testing and fertilization training and had more time to be involved in were willing to participate in the technical training of chemical fertilizer and pesticide reduction and efficiency enhancement; farmers who frequently used chemical fertilizers,were under local origin inspection, and had poor previous training experience were worried about adopting new technologies of fertilizer and pesticide use. We put forward suggestions on carrying out the technical training of chemical fertilizer and pesticide reduction and efficiency enhancement, including targeted training according to industry division, actual needs and the characteristics of farmers.
引文
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[2]王志文.探析科学施肥新模式实现化肥减量增效[J].低碳世界,2017(29):255-256.
[3]许金鸾.福建省新型职业农民培训意愿影响因素研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2014.
[4]李存超,赵帮宏,张丽丽.河北省农户参加农民教育培训影响因素分析[J].农家之友,2009(4):9-11.
[5]刘志青.新农村建设中新民居建设的影响因素分析[J].现代农业科技,2010(19):398-399.
[6]刘斐.农户农地流转意愿的影响因素实证分析--基于河北省高阳县350个农户的调查[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(4):397-400.
[7]李存超,赵帮宏,王哲,等.河北省农户参与农业节水意愿影响因素分析[J].节水灌溉,2009(6):4-7.
[8]赵帮宏,张亮,张润清.新型农民培训影响因素的实证考察[J].统计与决策,2010(11):89-92.
[9]王巍.河北省新型农村合作医疗及实证研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2010.
[10]张亮.我国新型农民培训模式研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2010.
[11]李林涓.木垒县哈萨克族农牧民教育培训问题研究[D].石河子:新疆农业大学,2014.
[12]杨璐璐.乡村振兴视野的新型职业农民培育:浙省个案[J].改革,2018(288):132-145.
[13]崔从光,宋宁,李梅芳.山东省农民对创业培训的需求及影响因素分析--以烟台地区为例[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(22):11459-11462.
[14]曹建民,胡瑞法,黄季焜.技术推广与农民对新技术的修正采用:农民参与技术培训和采用新技术的意愿及其影响因素分析[J].中国软科学,2005(6):60-66.
[15]田云,张俊飚,何可,等.农户农业低碳生产行为及其影响因素分析--以化肥施用和农药使用为例[J].中国农村观察,2015(4):61-70.
[16]朱奇彪,米松华,黄莉莉,等.新型职业农民参与技能培训的意愿及影响因素研究--基于规模种植业农户的实证分析[J].浙江农业学报,2014(5):1361-1367.
[17]李娜.农民技术培训过程中的问题及对策研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[18]高波.新型职业农民培训现状与对策研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2017.