喀斯特地区植被恢复的生态效应评价研究进展
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摘要
喀斯特石漠化治理植被恢复的生态效应监测评价是林分结构优化和调控的重要反馈机制,是提高生态系统服务功能的重要途径,受到学者们的广泛关注。深入研究生态效应评价的范畴和内容,是准确预测植物群落结构的关键要素之一。该文综述了生态效应监测与评价的生物多样性、水源涵养效应和土壤元素三个主要方面,探讨了植被恢复后生态效应监测的延伸范畴,分析了传统监测手段和评价指标存在的不足和面临的挑战,综述了未来植被恢复后生态效应监测需要加强的方面。我国植被恢复后生态效应的监测与评价总体处于较低水平,为提高植物群落结构配置效率和质量,未来需要加强以下三个方面的工作:一是研究植物、动物和微生物的群落结构及其协变关系;二是拓展蓝水和绿水的水资源评价体系;三是加强对土壤元素的监测和化学计量平衡研究。
The monitoring and evaluation of the ecological effects of vegetation restoration in control of karst rocky desertification is an important feedback mechanism for forest structure optimization and control. It is an important approach to improve ecosystem service function and has received extensive attention from scholars. In-depth study of the scope and content of the evaluation of ecological effects is one of the key factors to accurately predict the structure of plant communities. This paper introduces the three main aspects-biodiversity,water conservation effects and soil elements in the monitoring and evaluation of ecological effects,discusses the extension scope of ecological effects monitoring after vegetation restoration,and analyzes the shortcomings and challenges of traditional monitoring methods and evaluation indicators,and summarizes what needs to be strengthened in monitoring of ecological effects after vegetation restoration in the future. At present,the monitoring and evaluation of ecological effects after restoration of vegetation in China is generally at a relatively low level. In order to improve the efficiency and quality of plant community structure,the following three aspects need to be strengthened: First,to study the community structure of plants,animals and microbes and their covariant relations. Second is to expand the evaluation system of"blue water"and"green water"water resources,third is to strengthen the monitoring of soil elements and chemical equilibrium research.
The monitoring and evaluation of the ecological effects of vegetation restoration in control of karst rocky desertification is an important feedback mechanism for forest structure optimization and control. It is an important approach to improve ecosystem service function and has received extensive attention from scholars. In-depth study of the scope and content of the evaluation of ecological effects is one of the key factors to accurately predict the structure of plant communities. This paper introduces the three main aspects-biodiversity,water conservation effects and soil elements in the monitoring and evaluation of ecological effects,discusses the extension scope of ecological effects monitoring after vegetation restoration,and analyzes the shortcomings and challenges of traditional monitoring methods and evaluation indicators,and summarizes what needs to be strengthened in monitoring of ecological effects after vegetation restoration in the future. At present,the monitoring and evaluation of ecological effects after restoration of vegetation in China is generally at a relatively low level. In order to improve the efficiency and quality of plant community structure,the following three aspects need to be strengthened: First,to study the community structure of plants,animals and microbes and their covariant relations. Second is to expand the evaluation system of"blue water"and"green water"water resources,third is to strengthen the monitoring of soil elements and chemical equilibrium research.
引文
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[3]付登高,何锋,郭震,等.滇池流域富磷区退化山地马桑-蔗茅植物群落的生态修复效能评价[J].植物生态学报,2013,37(4):326-334.
[4]任伟,谢世友,谢德体.喀斯特山地典型植被恢复过程中的土壤水分生态效应[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(5):128-132.
[5]孙泉忠,刘瑞禄,陈菊艳,等.贵州省石漠化综合治理人工种草对土壤侵蚀的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(4):67-72+77.
[6]徐杰,邓湘雯,方晰,等.湘西南石漠化地区不同植被恢复模式的土壤有机碳研究[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(6):171-175.
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[13]徐承香,李子忠,黎道洪.贵州织金洞洞穴动物群落多样性与光照强度及土壤重金属含量的关系[J].生物多样性,2013,21(1):62-70.
[14]贾忠奎,温志勇,贾芳,等.北京山区侧柏人工林水源涵养功能对抚育间伐的响应[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(1):62-66+71.
[15]喻阳华,李光容,皮发剑,等.赤水河上游主要森林类型水源涵养功能评价[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):150-156.
[16]沈会涛,王化儒,由文辉.天童山常绿阔叶林不同演替阶段水源涵养功能评价[J].水土保持通报,2013,33(4):170-175.
[17]李婷婷,陈绍志,吴水荣,等.采伐强度对水源涵养林林分结构特征的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(5):102-108.
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[19]许炯心.黄河中游绿水系数变化及其生态环境意义[J].生态学报,2015,35(22):7298-7307.
[20]Neitsch S L,Arnold J G,Kiniry J R. Soil and water Assessment tool:the theortical documentation version 2000[M]. Texas:Grassland Soil Water Research Laboratory,2002.
[21]甄婷婷,徐宗学,程磊,等.蓝水绿水资源量估算方法及时空分布规律研究—以卢氏流域为例[J]. 2010,32(6):1177-1183.
[22]赵安周,朱秀芳,潘耀忠,等.典型年份渭河流域蓝水绿水时空差异分析[J].中国农业气象,2016,37(2):149-157.
[23]臧传富,刘俊国.黑河流域蓝绿水在典型年份的时空差异分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2013,35(3):1-10.
[24]项文化,黄志宏,闫文德,等.森林生态系统碳氮循环功能耦合研究综述[J].生态学报,2006,26(7):2365-2372.
[25]平川,王传宽,全先奎.环境变化对兴安落叶松氮磷化学计量特征的影响[J].生态学报,2014(34):1965-1974.
[26]范夫静,宋同清,黄国勤,等.西南峡谷型喀斯特坡耕地土壤养分的空间变异特征[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(1):92-98.
[27]喻子恒,黄国培,张华,等.贵州丹寨金汞矿区稻田土壤重金属分布特征及其污染评估[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(8):2296-2301.
[28]陈祖拥,刘方,王慧,等.贵州西部煤矿区不同类型河流沉积物含量及生态风险评价[J].安全与环境学报,2017,17(1):364-370.
[29]周玲莉,姚斌,向仰洲,等.刘方五氯酚胁迫对杨树生长及根际微生物群落的响应特征[J].林业科学,2010,46(10):62-68.
[30]Fan H B,Wu J P,Liu W F,et al. Linkages of plant and soil C:N:P stoichiometry and their relationships to forest growth in subtropical plantations. Plant and Soil,2015,392:127-138.
[31]陶冶,张元明,周晓兵.伊犁野果林浅层土壤养分生态化学计量特征及其影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(7):2239-2248.
[32]Wang M,Tim R M. Carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium stoichiometry in an ombrotrophic peatland reflects plant functional type[J]. Ecosystem,2014,14:673-684.
[33]Edward T,Cayman J,Somerville,et al. The C:N:P:S stoichiometry of soil organic matter[J]. Biogeochemistry,2016,130(1-2):117-131.
[2]段如雁,韦小丽,张之栋,等.贵树种花榈木容器苗配方施肥试验[J].森林与环境学报,2017,37(2):225-230.
[3]付登高,何锋,郭震,等.滇池流域富磷区退化山地马桑-蔗茅植物群落的生态修复效能评价[J].植物生态学报,2013,37(4):326-334.
[4]任伟,谢世友,谢德体.喀斯特山地典型植被恢复过程中的土壤水分生态效应[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(5):128-132.
[5]孙泉忠,刘瑞禄,陈菊艳,等.贵州省石漠化综合治理人工种草对土壤侵蚀的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(4):67-72+77.
[6]徐杰,邓湘雯,方晰,等.湘西南石漠化地区不同植被恢复模式的土壤有机碳研究[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(6):171-175.
[7]李双成.生态系统服务地理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.
[8]Eiswerth M E,Haney J C. Maxing conserved biodiversity:why ecosystem indicators and thresholds matter[J]. Ecological Economics,2001,38(2):259-274.
[9]高艳,杜峰,王雁南.黄土丘陵区撂荒群落地上生物量和物种多样性关系[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(3):96-102.
[10]Day M,Baldauf C,Rutishauser E. Relationship between tree species diversity and above-ground biomass in Central Anffican rainforests:implications for REDD[J]. Environmental Conservation,2013,41(1):64-72.
[11]Zhang X,Zhao X,Zhang M. Functional diversity changes of microbial communities along a soil aquifer for reclaimed water recharge[J]. FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2012,80(1):9-18.
[12]刘洋,张健,闫帮国,等.青藏高原东缘高山森林-苔原交错带土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和可培养微生物数量的季节动态[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(5):382-392.
[13]徐承香,李子忠,黎道洪.贵州织金洞洞穴动物群落多样性与光照强度及土壤重金属含量的关系[J].生物多样性,2013,21(1):62-70.
[14]贾忠奎,温志勇,贾芳,等.北京山区侧柏人工林水源涵养功能对抚育间伐的响应[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(1):62-66+71.
[15]喻阳华,李光容,皮发剑,等.赤水河上游主要森林类型水源涵养功能评价[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):150-156.
[16]沈会涛,王化儒,由文辉.天童山常绿阔叶林不同演替阶段水源涵养功能评价[J].水土保持通报,2013,33(4):170-175.
[17]李婷婷,陈绍志,吴水荣,等.采伐强度对水源涵养林林分结构特征的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(5):102-108.
[18]Falkenmark M. Coping with water scarcity under rapid population growth[J]. Conference of SADC Minister,Pretoria,1995:23-24.
[19]许炯心.黄河中游绿水系数变化及其生态环境意义[J].生态学报,2015,35(22):7298-7307.
[20]Neitsch S L,Arnold J G,Kiniry J R. Soil and water Assessment tool:the theortical documentation version 2000[M]. Texas:Grassland Soil Water Research Laboratory,2002.
[21]甄婷婷,徐宗学,程磊,等.蓝水绿水资源量估算方法及时空分布规律研究—以卢氏流域为例[J]. 2010,32(6):1177-1183.
[22]赵安周,朱秀芳,潘耀忠,等.典型年份渭河流域蓝水绿水时空差异分析[J].中国农业气象,2016,37(2):149-157.
[23]臧传富,刘俊国.黑河流域蓝绿水在典型年份的时空差异分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2013,35(3):1-10.
[24]项文化,黄志宏,闫文德,等.森林生态系统碳氮循环功能耦合研究综述[J].生态学报,2006,26(7):2365-2372.
[25]平川,王传宽,全先奎.环境变化对兴安落叶松氮磷化学计量特征的影响[J].生态学报,2014(34):1965-1974.
[26]范夫静,宋同清,黄国勤,等.西南峡谷型喀斯特坡耕地土壤养分的空间变异特征[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(1):92-98.
[27]喻子恒,黄国培,张华,等.贵州丹寨金汞矿区稻田土壤重金属分布特征及其污染评估[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(8):2296-2301.
[28]陈祖拥,刘方,王慧,等.贵州西部煤矿区不同类型河流沉积物含量及生态风险评价[J].安全与环境学报,2017,17(1):364-370.
[29]周玲莉,姚斌,向仰洲,等.刘方五氯酚胁迫对杨树生长及根际微生物群落的响应特征[J].林业科学,2010,46(10):62-68.
[30]Fan H B,Wu J P,Liu W F,et al. Linkages of plant and soil C:N:P stoichiometry and their relationships to forest growth in subtropical plantations. Plant and Soil,2015,392:127-138.
[31]陶冶,张元明,周晓兵.伊犁野果林浅层土壤养分生态化学计量特征及其影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(7):2239-2248.
[32]Wang M,Tim R M. Carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium stoichiometry in an ombrotrophic peatland reflects plant functional type[J]. Ecosystem,2014,14:673-684.
[33]Edward T,Cayman J,Somerville,et al. The C:N:P:S stoichiometry of soil organic matter[J]. Biogeochemistry,2016,130(1-2):117-131.