北京城市绿地土壤水分入渗性能研究
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摘要
采用Guelph渗透仪注水法研究了北京市不同类型绿地的土壤水分入渗特征及其与质地、容重和孔隙度等土壤物理性质之间的关系。结果表明,北京市不同类型绿地土壤入渗速率差异较大,以文教区和居民生活区为最好,其后依次为公园、商业区、道路交通区。北京市绿地土壤质地以黏质土壤为主;相关性分析表明城市绿地土壤黏粒越少,土壤稳定渗透速率越快。北京城市绿地土壤由于受人为活动的影响,土壤物理性质发生了显著变化,表现为土壤容重增大,通气孔隙度降低,压实现象普遍。研究结果为北京城市绿地的规划设计和海绵城市建设提供科学依据。
To investigate the characteristics of soil water infiltration in urban green space of Beijing and its relationship with soil physical properties, including particle size distribution, bulk density, the total porosity and aeration porosity of soil, the Guelph permeameter method was applied to different functional urban green areas of Beijing. There were significant differences in infiltration rates among soil samples of different functional zones: culture and education zone > residential zone > park zone > commercial zone > traffic zone. The surface soils were dominated by clay. The correlation analysis showed that there was strongest negative correlation between the clay particles and infiltration velocity of the soil of urban green space. Relative to the soil samples of green space in Beijing, these soils exhibited varying degrees of higher bulk density, lower porosity, reduced infiltration rate and compaction due to human activities. Results from this study would provide critical facts for designing urban green space and constructing sponge city in Beijing.
To investigate the characteristics of soil water infiltration in urban green space of Beijing and its relationship with soil physical properties, including particle size distribution, bulk density, the total porosity and aeration porosity of soil, the Guelph permeameter method was applied to different functional urban green areas of Beijing. There were significant differences in infiltration rates among soil samples of different functional zones: culture and education zone > residential zone > park zone > commercial zone > traffic zone. The surface soils were dominated by clay. The correlation analysis showed that there was strongest negative correlation between the clay particles and infiltration velocity of the soil of urban green space. Relative to the soil samples of green space in Beijing, these soils exhibited varying degrees of higher bulk density, lower porosity, reduced infiltration rate and compaction due to human activities. Results from this study would provide critical facts for designing urban green space and constructing sponge city in Beijing.
引文
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[23]潘云,吕殿青.土壤容重对土壤水分入渗特性影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2009,28(2):59-61.
[24]李卓,吴普特,冯浩,等.容重对土壤水分蓄持能力影响模拟试验研究[J].土壤学报,2010,47(4):611-620.
[25]伍海兵,方海兰.绿地土壤入渗及其对城市生态安全的重要性[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(3):894-900.
[2] Fletcher T D, Shuster W, Hunt W F, et al. SUDS,LID, BMPs and more–The evolution and application of terminology surrounding urban drainage[J]. Urban water Journal, 2015, 12(7):525-542.
[3]聂发辉,李田,姚海峰.上海市城市绿地土壤特性及对雨洪削减效应的影响[J].环境污染与防治,2008,30(2):49-52.
[4]周鑫.公园绿地的节水型设计研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2010.
[5]程江,杨凯,吕永鹏,等.城市绿地削减降雨地表径流污染效应的试验研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(11):3236-3241.
[6]邹明珠,王艳春,刘燕.北京城市绿地土壤研究现状及问题[J].中国土壤与肥料,2012(3):1-6.
[7]王淑敏,胥哲明,潘彩霞.城市绿地土壤质量评价指标研究进展[J].中国园艺文摘,2011(7):38-40.
[8]杨栩,尤学一,季民,等.城市绿地土壤入渗模型及参数确定[J].城市环境与城市生态,2011,24(6):18-21.
[9] Alletto L, Coquet Y. Temporal and spatial variability of soil bulk density and near-saturated hydraulic conductivity under two contrasted tillage management systems[J]. Geoderma, 2009, 152:85-94.
[10] Davis A P, Hunt W F, Traver RG,et al.Bioretention technology:Overview of current practice and future needs[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2009, 135:109-117.
[11] Pradeep K B, Barry J A, James Y L. Runoff quality analysis of urban catchments with analytical probabilistic model[J]. Journal of WaterResources Planning and Management, 2006,132(1):4-14.
[12] Celik I, Gunal H, Budak M, et al. Effects of longterm organic and mineral fertilizers on bulk density and penetration resistance in semi-arid Mediterranean soil conditions[J]. Geoderma,2010, 160:236-243.
[13] Gill S E, Handley J F, Ennos A R, et al. Adapting cities for climate change:The role of the green infrastructure[J]. Built Environment, 2007, 33:115-133.
[14]方海兰,管群飞,朱振清.以绿化土壤标准体系为支撑,有效提高城市绿化质量[J].中国园林,2014,30(1):122-124.
[15]王建军,李田.雨水花园设计要点及其在上海市的应用探讨[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(7):164-167.
[16]北京市园林绿化局.2016年城镇绿化资源情况[Z].北京:北京市园林绿化统计,2017.
[17]杨金玲,张甘霖,袁大刚.南京市城市土壤水分入渗特征[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(2):363-368.
[18]卫熹,唐宁远,李田.上海市绿地渗透性能调查及改良[J].净水技术,2011,30(4):78-83.
[19]张波,史正军,张朝,等.深圳城市绿地土壤孔隙状况与水分特征研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(4):299-304.
[20]刘致远.不同外界条件对土壤入渗性能影响研究[J].山西林业,2008(5):23-25.
[21]解文艳,樊贵盛.土壤质地对土壤入渗能力的影响[J].太原理工大学学报,2004,35(5):537-540.
[22]黄青,张凯,邓文鑫,等.合肥城市绿地土壤特点[J].城市环境与城市生态,2009,22(2):12-15.
[23]潘云,吕殿青.土壤容重对土壤水分入渗特性影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2009,28(2):59-61.
[24]李卓,吴普特,冯浩,等.容重对土壤水分蓄持能力影响模拟试验研究[J].土壤学报,2010,47(4):611-620.
[25]伍海兵,方海兰.绿地土壤入渗及其对城市生态安全的重要性[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(3):894-900.