气候变化对宁夏南部山区马铃薯产量的影响及马铃薯水分供需特征分析
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摘要
了解气候变化背景下,宁夏南部山区马铃薯的产量变化与气象要素之间的关系,以及马铃薯的水分供需特征,为该地区马铃薯的种植提供科学依据。结果表明,近55年来,在马铃薯生育期内宁夏南部山区气温显著升高,不利于未来马铃薯产业的发展。8月中旬的旬平均气温、7月下旬的旬平均最高气温、7月上旬的旬平均最低气温以及7月的月平均最高气温是产量形成的限制因子,均与马铃薯气象产量呈显著负相关。7月中旬是马铃薯需水的关键期,其降水量与气象产量关系密切。除8月第4候外,宁夏南部山区的马铃薯从5月下旬到8月下旬均处于水分亏缺状态,有灌溉条件的地区应适时进行灌溉。
To provide a scientific guidance for potato planting industry in Ningxia southern mountainous area,we explored the relationship between yield and meteorological factors and characteristics of water supply and demand in potato.Past 55 years,the temperature in the potato growth period was significantly elevated in Ningxia southern mountainous area,which would provide an adverse impact on the development of potato industry. These factors,such as average temperature in mid-August,average maximum temperature in late July,average minimum temperature in early July and the highest monthly average temperature in July,had significant negative correlation with potato meteorological yield. Mid-July was the critical period of water requirement of potato,and the precipitation was closely related to meteorological yield. The potatoes in southern mountainous of Ningxia were in the condition of water deficit from late May to late August in addition to the August4 th hou,so irrigation area should be timely irrigated.
To provide a scientific guidance for potato planting industry in Ningxia southern mountainous area,we explored the relationship between yield and meteorological factors and characteristics of water supply and demand in potato.Past 55 years,the temperature in the potato growth period was significantly elevated in Ningxia southern mountainous area,which would provide an adverse impact on the development of potato industry. These factors,such as average temperature in mid-August,average maximum temperature in late July,average minimum temperature in early July and the highest monthly average temperature in July,had significant negative correlation with potato meteorological yield. Mid-July was the critical period of water requirement of potato,and the precipitation was closely related to meteorological yield. The potatoes in southern mountainous of Ningxia were in the condition of water deficit from late May to late August in addition to the August4 th hou,so irrigation area should be timely irrigated.
引文
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[12]肖国举,仇正跻,张峰举,等.增温对西北半干旱区马铃薯产量和品质的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(3):830-836.
[13]姚玉璧,王润元,赵鸿,等.甘肃黄土高原不同海拔气候变化对马铃薯生育脆弱性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(2):52-58.
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[19]王宏,谭国明,孙庆川,等.承德春玉米需水量变化及其与气象因子的关系[J].气象与环境学报,2012,28(4):69-72.
[20]胡琦,潘学标,邵长秀,等.内蒙古降水量分布及其对马铃薯灌溉需水量的影响[J].中国农业气象,2013,34(4):419-424.
[21]陈秋帆,陈劲松,代兴梅,等.云南春作马铃薯作物系数及需水规律研究[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(3):564-566.
[22]环海军,杨再强,刘岩,等.鲁中地区夏玉米水分盈亏及灌溉需水量的时空变化特征[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(3):342-347.
[23]房世波.分离趋势产量和气候产量的方法探讨[J].自然灾害学报,2011,20(6):13-18.
[24]张军明.宁南山区马铃薯灌溉技术研究[J].水利技术监督,2014,22(6):53-56.
[25]尹存宝,吕英,郜彦茹,等.覆膜马铃薯栽培技术是发展旱作节水、节肥的有效增产措施[J].内蒙古农业科技,2014(12):135-136.
[26]孙发国,丁良全,马宗仁,等.宁夏中部干旱地区秋覆膜马铃薯栽培技术[J].甘肃农业科技,2008(4):52-53.
[2]吴巧玉,夏锦慧,何天久.不同氮钾水平对马铃薯干物质积累和产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(11):116-118.
[3]秦玉芝,覃丽,何长征,等.遮光处理对马铃薯农艺性状和产量的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,43(1):1-6.
[4]许娟,郑虚,闫海锋,等.不同马铃薯品种苗期叶片对低温胁迫的生理响应[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(11):1837-1943.
[5]梁锦秀,郭鑫年,张国辉,等.宁南旱地垄覆沟作对土壤水分及马铃薯产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(7):67-72.
[6]朱新鹏,孙敏,高天丽.不同条件下不同品种马铃薯PPO、POD活性[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(8):97-99.
[7]季彦林,王旺田,王蒂,等.不同光质对马铃薯块茎糖苷生物碱积累的诱导效应[J].江苏农业学报,2010,26(1):40-45.
[8]王平,沈学善,屈会娟,等.灌水时期对川中丘陵区旱地紫色马铃薯产量和花青素含量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(1):11-17.
[9]董道峰,陈广侠,马蕾,等.氮肥与多效唑促控结合对马铃薯生理特性及产量的影响[J].山东农业科学,2015,47(7):62-67,73.
[10]何虎翼,谭冠宁,何新民,等.63份马铃薯品种(系)资源农艺性状的主成分与聚类分析[J].江苏农业学报,2017,33(1):27-33.
[11]王晓斌,胡开明,范阿琪,等.作物抗旱基因研究进展及在马铃薯抗旱种质创新中的应用[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(1):248-257.
[12]肖国举,仇正跻,张峰举,等.增温对西北半干旱区马铃薯产量和品质的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(3):830-836.
[13]姚玉璧,王润元,赵鸿,等.甘肃黄土高原不同海拔气候变化对马铃薯生育脆弱性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(2):52-58.
[14]孙芳,林而达,武艳娟.宁夏气候变化及其对马铃薯生产的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(4):465-471.
[15]孙芳,林而达,李剑萍,等.基于DSSAT模型的宁夏马铃薯生产的适应对策[J].中国农业气象,2008,29(2):127-129.
[16]李剑萍,杨侃,曹宁,等.气候变化情景下宁夏马铃薯单产变化模拟[J].中国农业气象,2009,30(3):407-412.
[17]耿秀华,王连喜,张学艺,等.西吉气候变化及其对马铃薯产量的影响[J].广东农业科学,2011,38(22):4-8.
[18]张顺谦,邓彪,杨云洁.四川旱地作物水分盈亏变化及其与气候变化的关系[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(10):105-111.
[19]王宏,谭国明,孙庆川,等.承德春玉米需水量变化及其与气象因子的关系[J].气象与环境学报,2012,28(4):69-72.
[20]胡琦,潘学标,邵长秀,等.内蒙古降水量分布及其对马铃薯灌溉需水量的影响[J].中国农业气象,2013,34(4):419-424.
[21]陈秋帆,陈劲松,代兴梅,等.云南春作马铃薯作物系数及需水规律研究[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(3):564-566.
[22]环海军,杨再强,刘岩,等.鲁中地区夏玉米水分盈亏及灌溉需水量的时空变化特征[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(3):342-347.
[23]房世波.分离趋势产量和气候产量的方法探讨[J].自然灾害学报,2011,20(6):13-18.
[24]张军明.宁南山区马铃薯灌溉技术研究[J].水利技术监督,2014,22(6):53-56.
[25]尹存宝,吕英,郜彦茹,等.覆膜马铃薯栽培技术是发展旱作节水、节肥的有效增产措施[J].内蒙古农业科技,2014(12):135-136.
[26]孙发国,丁良全,马宗仁,等.宁夏中部干旱地区秋覆膜马铃薯栽培技术[J].甘肃农业科技,2008(4):52-53.