基于单边界二分式条件价值法的洞穴旅游资源非使用价值评估——以重庆芙蓉洞为例
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摘要
为提高公众对洞穴旅游资源非使用价值的重视程度,以世界自然遗产地芙蓉洞为研究对象,采用单边界二分式条件价值法,以到芙蓉洞景区旅游的游客、重庆市民为调查对象,对芙蓉洞洞穴旅游资源的非使用价值进行评估。其结果表明:芙蓉洞洞穴旅游资源非使用价值的平均支付意愿为330.49元,非使用价值总额为229.82亿元,远大于其门票收入;芙蓉洞洞穴旅游资源非使用价值的平均支付意愿大小与被调查者对芙蓉洞非使用价值的了解程度、婚姻状况、年龄、职业、年收入、文化程度、人均出游花销显著相关。今后应加强对芙蓉洞非使用价值的认知,通过多种渠道宣传芙蓉洞的非使用价值,多方合力,共同保护芙蓉洞洞穴旅游资源。
Furong cave, located in Jiangkou Town, Wulong district, Chongqing, is a national 5 A scenic spot, a national key scenic spot and a national geological park. It is also an important part of the "karst in southern China" world natural heritage. In 2016, Furong cave received 484,700 visitors and 244,400 visitors in 2017(closed from February 3 to April 25). Taking Furong cave as an example to study the non-use value of cave tourism resources is representative and typical, which helps to improve people's attention to the non-use value of cave tourism resources, rational utilization and protection of Furong cave, and promoting the sustainable development of Furong cave tourism.To strengthen the understanding and attention to the non-use value and promote the sustainable development of Furong cave, in this paper we applies the single-bounded dichotomy Contingent Valuation Methods(CVM) to evaluate the non-use value of Furong cave tourism resources by taking the tourists of Furong cave and Chongqing residents as the subjects of investigation. The results show that the average Willingness to Pay(WTP) for the non-use value of Furong cave tourism resources is 330.49 yuan and the total non-use value is 22,982 million yuan, which is much higher than its ticket revenue. The average Willingness to Pay of the non-use value of the Furong cave tourism resources is significantly influenced by the marital status, age, occupation, annual income, cultural degree, per capita travel expenses and understanding of the non-use value. In the future, we should strengthen the understanding and publicity the of the non-use value of Furong cave tourism resources through various channels and jointly protect Furong cave.
Furong cave, located in Jiangkou Town, Wulong district, Chongqing, is a national 5 A scenic spot, a national key scenic spot and a national geological park. It is also an important part of the "karst in southern China" world natural heritage. In 2016, Furong cave received 484,700 visitors and 244,400 visitors in 2017(closed from February 3 to April 25). Taking Furong cave as an example to study the non-use value of cave tourism resources is representative and typical, which helps to improve people's attention to the non-use value of cave tourism resources, rational utilization and protection of Furong cave, and promoting the sustainable development of Furong cave tourism.To strengthen the understanding and attention to the non-use value and promote the sustainable development of Furong cave, in this paper we applies the single-bounded dichotomy Contingent Valuation Methods(CVM) to evaluate the non-use value of Furong cave tourism resources by taking the tourists of Furong cave and Chongqing residents as the subjects of investigation. The results show that the average Willingness to Pay(WTP) for the non-use value of Furong cave tourism resources is 330.49 yuan and the total non-use value is 22,982 million yuan, which is much higher than its ticket revenue. The average Willingness to Pay of the non-use value of the Furong cave tourism resources is significantly influenced by the marital status, age, occupation, annual income, cultural degree, per capita travel expenses and understanding of the non-use value. In the future, we should strengthen the understanding and publicity the of the non-use value of Furong cave tourism resources through various channels and jointly protect Furong cave.
引文
[1] 张金泉.基于CVM的黄山旅游资源非使用价值评估研究[D].上海:上海师范大学,2007.
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[13] 宋林华,韦小宁,梁福源.河北临城白云洞洞穴旅游对洞穴CO2浓度及温度的影响[J].中国岩溶,2003,22(3):230-235.
[14] 王静,向昌国,宋林华.旅游洞穴碳酸钙景观恢复的水文地球化学试验:以云南弥勒白龙洞为例[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2004,43(S1):208-211.
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[17] 向旭,杨晓霞,施俊庄.洞穴旅游容量测算方法探讨[J].中国岩溶,2010,29(3):341-348.
[18] 王静.喀斯特溶洞景观保护研究[C]//中国地理学会自然地理专业委员会.自然地理学与生态建设.北京:气象出版社,2006:211-214.
[19] Cigna A.Modern trend in cave monitoring[J].Acta Carsologica,2002,31(1):35-54.
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[21] 邵晓兰,高峻.旅游地生命周期研究现状和展望[J].旅游学刊,2006,21(6):76-82.
[22] 任敬,李亚.燕子洞生命周期形成机制研究[J].云南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,23(4):64-68.
[23] 周忠发.喀斯特洞穴信息系统及其在黔南洞穴旅游资源开发中的应用[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004,22(2):40-44.
[24] Choi A S,Ritchie B W,Papandrea F,et al.Economic valuation of cultural heritage sites:A choice modeling approach[J].Tourism Management,2010,31(2):213-220.
[25] 查爱苹,邱洁威,黄瑾.条件价值法若干问题研究[J].旅游学刊,2013,28(4):25-34.
[26] 董雪旺,张捷,刘传华,等.条件价值法中的偏差分析及信度和效度检验:以九寨沟游憩价值评估为例[J].地理学报,2011,66(2):267-278.
[27] National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.Report of the NOAA Panel on Contingent Valuation[J].Federal Register,1993,58(10):4601-4614.
[28] 牛海鹏,王坤鹏.基于单边界二分式CVM的不同样本方案下耕地保护外部性测度与分析:以河南省焦作市为例[J].资源科学,2017,39(7):1227-1237.
[29] Hanemann W M.Welfare evaluations in contingent valuation experiments with discrete responses [J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,1984,66(3):332-341.
[30] Cooper J C.Optimal bid selection for dichotomous choice contingent valuation surveys[J].Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,1993,24(1):25-40.
[31] Scheaffer R L,Mendenhall W,Ott R L.Elementary Survey Sampling(the 6th Edition)[M].Boston:Duxbury Press,2006:126.
[32] 中华人民共和国国家统计局.2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报(第1号)[EB/OL].http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/201104/t20110428_30327.html,2011-04-28.
[33] 张统.小水电生态系统服务价值评估[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.
[34] Hanemann W M.Some issues in continuous and discrete response contingent valuation studies [J].North-eastern Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics,1985,14(1):5-13.
[2] 牟智慧,杨广斌.荔波世界自然遗产地喀斯特森林景观价值评估[J].生态经济,2014,30(9):135-140.
[3] 陈伟海.洞穴研究进展综述[J].地质论评,2006,52(6):783-792.
[4] 曹翔,杨晓霞,李溪,等.我国旅游洞穴景区(点)的统计分析[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(2):264-274.
[5] 吴发明,何小芊,罗梦悦.万年县神农宫旅游资源综合评价与开发对策[J].中国岩溶,2016,35(2):233-242.
[6] 吴昊.张家界溶洞旅游资源价值评价与开发研究[J].资源开发与市场,2012,28(9):847-850,866.
[7] 刘传华,张捷,曹靖,等.层次分析和模糊数学方法在我国岩溶洞穴旅游资源综合评判中的应用[J].中国岩溶,2008,27(2):189-196.
[8] 向旭,杨晓霞,石定芳.基于AHP法的喀斯特洞穴导游解说词内容构建研究[J].中国岩溶,2015,34(5):522-528.
[9] 杨晓霞,石定芳,向旭.基于内容分析法的喀斯特洞穴导游解说词研究[J].中国岩溶,2013,32(2):239-245.
[10] 周锡耀.旅游岩溶洞穴照明技术[J].中国照明电器,2003(2):1-3.
[11] 马林.PLC在旅游洞穴开发中的应用[J].电脑与信息技术,2003(1):53-55.
[12] 周长春,王晓青,孙小银,等.旅游洞穴环境变化监测分析及其影响因素研究:以山东沂源九天洞为例[J].旅游学刊,2009,24(2):81-86.
[13] 宋林华,韦小宁,梁福源.河北临城白云洞洞穴旅游对洞穴CO2浓度及温度的影响[J].中国岩溶,2003,22(3):230-235.
[14] 王静,向昌国,宋林华.旅游洞穴碳酸钙景观恢复的水文地球化学试验:以云南弥勒白龙洞为例[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2004,43(S1):208-211.
[15] Arrigo A Cigna,Paolo Forti.The environmental impact assessment of a tourist cave[A].Cave Tourism,proceedings of International symposium at 170-anniversary of Postojnska Jama,Postojna[C].November 10-12,1988:29-38.
[16] Arrigo A Cigna,Antonello Sulas.Air Temperature measurements and trends in the "Grotta Di Is Zuddas"[A].In:Proc.ⅢCongr.ISCA "Where,How,Why"[C].santadi,Italy.1998:75-76.
[17] 向旭,杨晓霞,施俊庄.洞穴旅游容量测算方法探讨[J].中国岩溶,2010,29(3):341-348.
[18] 王静.喀斯特溶洞景观保护研究[C]//中国地理学会自然地理专业委员会.自然地理学与生态建设.北京:气象出版社,2006:211-214.
[19] Cigna A.Modern trend in cave monitoring[J].Acta Carsologica,2002,31(1):35-54.
[20] Butler R W.The concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution:implications for management of resources [J].Canadian Geographer,1980,24 (1):5-12.
[21] 邵晓兰,高峻.旅游地生命周期研究现状和展望[J].旅游学刊,2006,21(6):76-82.
[22] 任敬,李亚.燕子洞生命周期形成机制研究[J].云南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,23(4):64-68.
[23] 周忠发.喀斯特洞穴信息系统及其在黔南洞穴旅游资源开发中的应用[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004,22(2):40-44.
[24] Choi A S,Ritchie B W,Papandrea F,et al.Economic valuation of cultural heritage sites:A choice modeling approach[J].Tourism Management,2010,31(2):213-220.
[25] 查爱苹,邱洁威,黄瑾.条件价值法若干问题研究[J].旅游学刊,2013,28(4):25-34.
[26] 董雪旺,张捷,刘传华,等.条件价值法中的偏差分析及信度和效度检验:以九寨沟游憩价值评估为例[J].地理学报,2011,66(2):267-278.
[27] National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.Report of the NOAA Panel on Contingent Valuation[J].Federal Register,1993,58(10):4601-4614.
[28] 牛海鹏,王坤鹏.基于单边界二分式CVM的不同样本方案下耕地保护外部性测度与分析:以河南省焦作市为例[J].资源科学,2017,39(7):1227-1237.
[29] Hanemann W M.Welfare evaluations in contingent valuation experiments with discrete responses [J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,1984,66(3):332-341.
[30] Cooper J C.Optimal bid selection for dichotomous choice contingent valuation surveys[J].Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,1993,24(1):25-40.
[31] Scheaffer R L,Mendenhall W,Ott R L.Elementary Survey Sampling(the 6th Edition)[M].Boston:Duxbury Press,2006:126.
[32] 中华人民共和国国家统计局.2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报(第1号)[EB/OL].http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/201104/t20110428_30327.html,2011-04-28.
[33] 张统.小水电生态系统服务价值评估[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.
[34] Hanemann W M.Some issues in continuous and discrete response contingent valuation studies [J].North-eastern Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics,1985,14(1):5-13.