猪粪沼液对籼稻农艺性状、产量和饲用品质的影响
|
摘要
为推进生态养殖及粪尿发酵沼液合理资源化利用,试验设置了14个不同处理组(N1～N14),探索了其对籼稻农艺性状、产量和饲用品质的影响。结果表明:1)在本试验沼液施用量(N 40%～480%)范围内,籼稻总体长势、产量和品质都优于无氮施肥处理时;与常规施肥(N2)相比,除N3株高和N4分蘖数显著降低外,其他沼液施肥组株高、分蘖数和有效穗数均变化不显著(P>0.05)。2)随着沼液施用量的增加,与N2相比,N5和N8处理组稻谷增产效果较好,分别增加了9.5%(P>0.05)和8.9%(P>0.05);就地上部生物量而言,N8和N9分别增加了21.4%(P<0.05)和5.4%(P>0.05);N6～N9各处理组千粒质量有增加趋势,其中N7增加了11.3%(P<0.05);但当沼液超过N10处理(816 t/hm~2)施用量时,籼稻产量出现下降趋势,甚至低于常规施肥组(N2)。3)N5～N14各处理组籼稻糙米蛋白质含量都高于N1组,其中N7～N14处理组显著升高(P<0.05);而各处理组糙米直链淀粉含量与N2组相比有一定程度的减少。总体而言,在本试验条件下适量沼液施用比常规施肥更有利于籼稻的生长,当沼液控制在N8处理(612 t/hm~2)施用量时,可有效提高籼稻产量和饲用品质。
In order to promote ecological breeding and reasonable utilization of digested pig slurry from largescale biogas project, we designed 14 treatments(N1-N14) to explore the effects of biogas slurry application on agronomic trait, yield and forage quality of indica rice. The results showed that: 1) The overall growth, yield and quality were better than no nitrogen fertilizer treatment within the range of biogas slurry applied amount(N 40%-480%); and compared with the conventional chemical fertilizer treatment(N2), except that the plant height of N3 treatment and tiller number of N4 treatment were both significantly lower, the plant height, tiller number and effective panicle number in other biogas slurry applied treatments changed no significance(P>0.05), presented the trend of increasing first and then decreasing. 2) Compared with the N2 treatment, with the increase of biogas slurry applied amount, the rice yield of N5 and N8 treatments increased by 9.5%(P>0.05) and 8.9%(P>0.05),respectively. As for the aboveground biomass, N8 and N9 treatments increased by 21.4%(P<0.05) and 5.4%(P>0.05), respectively. The thousand seed mass of N6-N9 treatments indicated an increasing trend with N7 treatment significantly increasing by 11.3%(P<0.05). However, when the biogas slurry applied amount was above N10(816 t/hm~2), the yield of indica rice decreased, even lower than that of N2 treatment. 3) The protein contents of unpolished rice in N5-N14 treatments were higher than that of N1, with the treatments of N7-N14 markedly higher(P<0.05). The amylose contents of unpolished rice in N3-N14 decreased to a certain extent compared with the N2. All in all, application of proper biogas slurry is more conducive to the growth of indica rice than conventional chemical fertilizers in this test. Besides, biogas slurry can effectively improve the yield and forage quality of indica rice when the application amount of biogas slurry is 612 t/hm~2(N8).
In order to promote ecological breeding and reasonable utilization of digested pig slurry from largescale biogas project, we designed 14 treatments(N1-N14) to explore the effects of biogas slurry application on agronomic trait, yield and forage quality of indica rice. The results showed that: 1) The overall growth, yield and quality were better than no nitrogen fertilizer treatment within the range of biogas slurry applied amount(N 40%-480%); and compared with the conventional chemical fertilizer treatment(N2), except that the plant height of N3 treatment and tiller number of N4 treatment were both significantly lower, the plant height, tiller number and effective panicle number in other biogas slurry applied treatments changed no significance(P>0.05), presented the trend of increasing first and then decreasing. 2) Compared with the N2 treatment, with the increase of biogas slurry applied amount, the rice yield of N5 and N8 treatments increased by 9.5%(P>0.05) and 8.9%(P>0.05),respectively. As for the aboveground biomass, N8 and N9 treatments increased by 21.4%(P<0.05) and 5.4%(P>0.05), respectively. The thousand seed mass of N6-N9 treatments indicated an increasing trend with N7 treatment significantly increasing by 11.3%(P<0.05). However, when the biogas slurry applied amount was above N10(816 t/hm~2), the yield of indica rice decreased, even lower than that of N2 treatment. 3) The protein contents of unpolished rice in N5-N14 treatments were higher than that of N1, with the treatments of N7-N14 markedly higher(P<0.05). The amylose contents of unpolished rice in N3-N14 decreased to a certain extent compared with the N2. All in all, application of proper biogas slurry is more conducive to the growth of indica rice than conventional chemical fertilizers in this test. Besides, biogas slurry can effectively improve the yield and forage quality of indica rice when the application amount of biogas slurry is 612 t/hm~2(N8).
引文
[1]魏玉明,钱振波,吕伟,等.沼气工程技术对规模化猪场饲养环境和猪生长发育的影响.畜牧兽医杂志,2016,35(3):48-52.WEI Y M,QIAN Z B,LüW,et al.Effect of biogas technology on breeding environment and pig growth development in largescale pig farms.Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2016,35(3):48-52.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]PU C J,LIU H,DING G C,et al.Impact of direct application of biogas slurry and residue in fields:in situ analysis of antibiotic resistance genes from pig manure to fields.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2018,344(3):441-449.
[3]宋成芳,单胜道,张妙仙,等.畜禽养殖废弃物沼液的浓缩及其成分.农业工程学报,2011,27(12):256-259.SONG C F,SHAN S D,ZHANG M X,et al.Concentration and determination of composition of biogas slurry.Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(12):256-259.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]沈其林,单胜道,周健驹,等.猪粪发酵沼液成分测定与分析.中国沼气,2014,32(3):83-86.SHEN Q L,SHAN S D,ZHOU J J,et al.Determination and analysis of compositions in biogas slurry produced by swine manure digestion.China Biogas,2014,32(3):83-86.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]毛晓月,伍钧,孟晓霞,等.连续3年定位施用沼液对水稻产量和品质的影响.华北农学报,2016,31(3):218-224.MAO X Y,WU J,MENG X X,et al.Effects of three-year continuous application of digested biogas slurry on yield and quality of rice.Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2016,31(3):218-224.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]张璘玮,伍钧,杨刚,等.猪粪沼液连续定位施用对油菜产量及菜籽品质的影响.农业环境科学学报,2014,33(3):562-568.ZHANG L W,WU J,YANG G,et al.Effects of continuous applications of digested pig biogas slurry on Brassica napus yields and rapeseed quality.Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2014,33(3):562-568.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]黄继川,徐培智,彭智平,等.基于稻田土壤肥力及生物学活性的沼液适宜用量研究.植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(2):362-371.HUANG J C,XU P Z,PENG Z P,et al.Biogas slurry use amount for suitable soil nutrition and biodiversity in paddy soil.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2016,22(2):362-371.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]孙国峰,郑建初,陈留根,等.猪粪沼液施用后土壤理化性状及水稻产量初步研究.中国稻米,2013,19(4):74-76,79.SUN G F,ZHENG J C,CHEN L G,et al.Preliminary study of the soil physical and chemical properties and rice yield after biogas pig slurry application.Chinese Rice,2013,19(4):74-76,79.(in Chinese)
[9]唐微,伍钧,孙百晔,等.沼液不同施用量对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响.农业环境科学学报,2010,29(12):2268-2273.TANG W,WU J,SUN B Y,et al.Effects of application amounts of biogas slurry on yield and quality of rice.Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(12):2268-2273.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]侯云鹏,韩立国,孔丽丽,等.不同施氮水平下水稻的养分吸收、转运及土壤氮平衡.植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):836-845.HOU Y P,HAN L G,KONG L L,et al.Nutrient absorption,translocation in rice and soil nitrogen equilibrium under different nitrogen application doses.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2015,21(4):836-845.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]刘彦伶,来庆,徐旱增,等.不同氮肥类型对黄泥田双季稻产量及氮素利用的影响.浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2013,39(4):403-412.LIU Y L,LAI Q,XU H Z,et al.Effect of different types of nitrogen fertilizers on grain yield and nitrogen utilization of double-cropping rice in yellow clayey soil.Journal of Zhejiang University(Agriculture and Life Sciences),2013,39(4):403-412.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]张进,张妙仙,单胜道,等.沼液对水稻生长产量及其重金属含量的影响.农业环境科学学报,2009,28(10):2005-2009.ZHANG J,ZHANG M X,SHAN S D,et al.Growth status,grain yield and heavy metals content of rice(Oryza sativa L.)as affected by biogas slurry application.Journal of AgroEnvironment Science,2009,28(10):2005-2009.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]SORENSEN P,AMATO M.Remineralisation and residual effects of N after application of pig slurry to soil.European Journal of Agronomy,2002,16(2):81-95.
[14]GERICKE D,BORNEMANN L,KAGE H,et al.Modelling ammonia losses after field application of biogas slurry in energy crop rotations.Water,Air,&Soil Pollution,2012,223(1):29-47.
[15]王文博,陈长青,仇忠启,等.不同沼液施灌量对水稻生长及土壤氮磷平衡的影响.作物杂志,2014(3):85-91.WANG W B,CHEN C Q,QIU Z Q,et al.Effects of application amounts of biogas slurry on rice growth and the balance of nitrogen,phosphorus in soil system.Crops,2014(3):85-91.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]黄继川,彭智平,徐培智,等.沼液稻田消解对水稻生产、土壤肥力及环境安全的影响.广东农业科学,2016,43(10):69-76.HUANG J C,PENG Z P,XU P Z,et al.Effects of paddy field disposal of biogas slurry on rice production,soil fertility and environmental safety.Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2016,43(10):69-76.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]邵文奇,纪力,孙春梅,等.不同沼液施用量对水稻生长、产量及重金属含量的影响.浙江农业学报,2017,29(12):1963-1969.SHAO W Q,JI L,SUN C M,et al.Effects of application rate of biogas slurry on growth,grain yield and heavy metals contents of rice.Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2017,29(12):1963-1969.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]姜丽娜,王强,李艾芬,等.休闲稻田消解沼液生态效应及其对水稻安全生产影响研究.农业环境科学学报,2011,30(12):2483-2490.JIANG L N,WANG Q,LI A F,et al.The ecological effects of fallow paddy field disposal biogas slurry and its impact on the following rice safety production.Journal of AgroEnvironment Science,2011,30(12):2483-2490.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]姜丽娜,王强,陈丁江,等.沼液稻田消解对水稻生产、土壤与环境安全影响研究.农业环境科学学报,2011,30(7):1328-1336.JIANG L N,WANG Q,CHEN D J,et al.Effects of paddy field disposal of biogas slurry on the rice production,soil quality and environmental safety.Journal of AgroEnvironment Science,2011,30(7):1328-1336.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]STANLEY O P B,WILSON L T,MEDLET J C,et al.Nitrogen utilization efficiency:relationships with grain yield,grain protein and yield-related traits in rice.Agronomy Journal,2006,98(1):168-176.
[21]伍钧,王静雯,张磷玮,等.沼液对玉米产量及品质的影响.核农学报,2014,28(5):905-911.WU J,WANG J W,ZHANG L W,et al.Effects of biogas slurry on yield and quality of maize.Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2014,28(5):905-911.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]PU C J,LIU H,DING G C,et al.Impact of direct application of biogas slurry and residue in fields:in situ analysis of antibiotic resistance genes from pig manure to fields.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2018,344(3):441-449.
[3]宋成芳,单胜道,张妙仙,等.畜禽养殖废弃物沼液的浓缩及其成分.农业工程学报,2011,27(12):256-259.SONG C F,SHAN S D,ZHANG M X,et al.Concentration and determination of composition of biogas slurry.Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(12):256-259.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]沈其林,单胜道,周健驹,等.猪粪发酵沼液成分测定与分析.中国沼气,2014,32(3):83-86.SHEN Q L,SHAN S D,ZHOU J J,et al.Determination and analysis of compositions in biogas slurry produced by swine manure digestion.China Biogas,2014,32(3):83-86.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]毛晓月,伍钧,孟晓霞,等.连续3年定位施用沼液对水稻产量和品质的影响.华北农学报,2016,31(3):218-224.MAO X Y,WU J,MENG X X,et al.Effects of three-year continuous application of digested biogas slurry on yield and quality of rice.Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2016,31(3):218-224.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]张璘玮,伍钧,杨刚,等.猪粪沼液连续定位施用对油菜产量及菜籽品质的影响.农业环境科学学报,2014,33(3):562-568.ZHANG L W,WU J,YANG G,et al.Effects of continuous applications of digested pig biogas slurry on Brassica napus yields and rapeseed quality.Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2014,33(3):562-568.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]黄继川,徐培智,彭智平,等.基于稻田土壤肥力及生物学活性的沼液适宜用量研究.植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(2):362-371.HUANG J C,XU P Z,PENG Z P,et al.Biogas slurry use amount for suitable soil nutrition and biodiversity in paddy soil.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2016,22(2):362-371.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]孙国峰,郑建初,陈留根,等.猪粪沼液施用后土壤理化性状及水稻产量初步研究.中国稻米,2013,19(4):74-76,79.SUN G F,ZHENG J C,CHEN L G,et al.Preliminary study of the soil physical and chemical properties and rice yield after biogas pig slurry application.Chinese Rice,2013,19(4):74-76,79.(in Chinese)
[9]唐微,伍钧,孙百晔,等.沼液不同施用量对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响.农业环境科学学报,2010,29(12):2268-2273.TANG W,WU J,SUN B Y,et al.Effects of application amounts of biogas slurry on yield and quality of rice.Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(12):2268-2273.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]侯云鹏,韩立国,孔丽丽,等.不同施氮水平下水稻的养分吸收、转运及土壤氮平衡.植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):836-845.HOU Y P,HAN L G,KONG L L,et al.Nutrient absorption,translocation in rice and soil nitrogen equilibrium under different nitrogen application doses.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2015,21(4):836-845.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]刘彦伶,来庆,徐旱增,等.不同氮肥类型对黄泥田双季稻产量及氮素利用的影响.浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2013,39(4):403-412.LIU Y L,LAI Q,XU H Z,et al.Effect of different types of nitrogen fertilizers on grain yield and nitrogen utilization of double-cropping rice in yellow clayey soil.Journal of Zhejiang University(Agriculture and Life Sciences),2013,39(4):403-412.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]张进,张妙仙,单胜道,等.沼液对水稻生长产量及其重金属含量的影响.农业环境科学学报,2009,28(10):2005-2009.ZHANG J,ZHANG M X,SHAN S D,et al.Growth status,grain yield and heavy metals content of rice(Oryza sativa L.)as affected by biogas slurry application.Journal of AgroEnvironment Science,2009,28(10):2005-2009.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]SORENSEN P,AMATO M.Remineralisation and residual effects of N after application of pig slurry to soil.European Journal of Agronomy,2002,16(2):81-95.
[14]GERICKE D,BORNEMANN L,KAGE H,et al.Modelling ammonia losses after field application of biogas slurry in energy crop rotations.Water,Air,&Soil Pollution,2012,223(1):29-47.
[15]王文博,陈长青,仇忠启,等.不同沼液施灌量对水稻生长及土壤氮磷平衡的影响.作物杂志,2014(3):85-91.WANG W B,CHEN C Q,QIU Z Q,et al.Effects of application amounts of biogas slurry on rice growth and the balance of nitrogen,phosphorus in soil system.Crops,2014(3):85-91.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]黄继川,彭智平,徐培智,等.沼液稻田消解对水稻生产、土壤肥力及环境安全的影响.广东农业科学,2016,43(10):69-76.HUANG J C,PENG Z P,XU P Z,et al.Effects of paddy field disposal of biogas slurry on rice production,soil fertility and environmental safety.Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2016,43(10):69-76.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]邵文奇,纪力,孙春梅,等.不同沼液施用量对水稻生长、产量及重金属含量的影响.浙江农业学报,2017,29(12):1963-1969.SHAO W Q,JI L,SUN C M,et al.Effects of application rate of biogas slurry on growth,grain yield and heavy metals contents of rice.Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2017,29(12):1963-1969.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]姜丽娜,王强,李艾芬,等.休闲稻田消解沼液生态效应及其对水稻安全生产影响研究.农业环境科学学报,2011,30(12):2483-2490.JIANG L N,WANG Q,LI A F,et al.The ecological effects of fallow paddy field disposal biogas slurry and its impact on the following rice safety production.Journal of AgroEnvironment Science,2011,30(12):2483-2490.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]姜丽娜,王强,陈丁江,等.沼液稻田消解对水稻生产、土壤与环境安全影响研究.农业环境科学学报,2011,30(7):1328-1336.JIANG L N,WANG Q,CHEN D J,et al.Effects of paddy field disposal of biogas slurry on the rice production,soil quality and environmental safety.Journal of AgroEnvironment Science,2011,30(7):1328-1336.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]STANLEY O P B,WILSON L T,MEDLET J C,et al.Nitrogen utilization efficiency:relationships with grain yield,grain protein and yield-related traits in rice.Agronomy Journal,2006,98(1):168-176.
[21]伍钧,王静雯,张磷玮,等.沼液对玉米产量及品质的影响.核农学报,2014,28(5):905-911.WU J,WANG J W,ZHANG L W,et al.Effects of biogas slurry on yield and quality of maize.Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2014,28(5):905-911.(in Chinese with English abstract)