综放面覆岩运动“时-空-强”演化规律分析
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摘要
综放面覆岩运动是制约安全开采的关键问题之一。以新疆大南湖一矿1303综放工作面开采为工程背景,基于对工作面覆岩运动"横三区"与"竖三带"经典理论的理解,将区块链式演化思想应用于综放覆岩运动数值模型构建与链式演化过程精细计算,构建开采扰动区覆岩物理与数值计算模型,并将其植入三维有限差分计算FLAC~(3D)程序,揭示综放面覆岩运动"时间-空间-强度"链式演化与失稳破坏规律。结果表明:大南湖一矿综放面覆岩垮落带与裂隙带分别约为16.8 m与115 m.具有承载性的岩层受到外力破坏,均会出现应力集中;岩层垮落根据承载层和开挖尺寸不同,出现"分离-协同"运动现象,应力呈现"集中-分离-集中"规律,重合后的应力演化集中,造成工作面强矿压作用,这对现场安全开采提供了科学指导作用。
Overburden strata movement of fully mechanized top-coal caving face is of the key problems restricting safe mining.Based on "horizontal three zones" and "vertical three belts" theory of the overlying strata movement of working face,this paper takes No.1 Dananhu coal mine as engineering background,the blockchain evolution is applied to the numerical model construction of the overburden rock movement and the detailed caculation of the chain evolution process.Meanwhile in order to reveal "spatio-tempo-intension" chain evolution and instability failure law of overburden strata movement in fully mechanized caving face,physical model and numerical calculation model of overlying strata in the mining disturbance zone is constructed and implanted into the 3D finite difference calculation program(FLAC3 D).Results shows that overburden strata and fracture zone of top-coal caving working face in the Dananhu No.1 Mine are 16.8 m and 115 m respectively.Stress concentration occurs and bearing rock layer is damaged by external force.Rock layer collapses with different bearing layer and excavation size,and "separation-coordination"occurs.The stress present "concentration-separation-concentration"also stress concentration results in strong mining pressure on the working face.This provides scientific guidance for safe mining on site.
Overburden strata movement of fully mechanized top-coal caving face is of the key problems restricting safe mining.Based on "horizontal three zones" and "vertical three belts" theory of the overlying strata movement of working face,this paper takes No.1 Dananhu coal mine as engineering background,the blockchain evolution is applied to the numerical model construction of the overburden rock movement and the detailed caculation of the chain evolution process.Meanwhile in order to reveal "spatio-tempo-intension" chain evolution and instability failure law of overburden strata movement in fully mechanized caving face,physical model and numerical calculation model of overlying strata in the mining disturbance zone is constructed and implanted into the 3D finite difference calculation program(FLAC3 D).Results shows that overburden strata and fracture zone of top-coal caving working face in the Dananhu No.1 Mine are 16.8 m and 115 m respectively.Stress concentration occurs and bearing rock layer is damaged by external force.Rock layer collapses with different bearing layer and excavation size,and "separation-coordination"occurs.The stress present "concentration-separation-concentration"also stress concentration results in strong mining pressure on the working face.This provides scientific guidance for safe mining on site.
引文
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[11]来兴平,崔峰,曹建涛,等.三软煤层综放工作面覆岩垮落及裂隙导水特征分析[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):148-154.LAI Xing-ping,CUI Feng,CAO Jian-tao,et al.Analysis on characteristics of overlying rock caving and fissureconductive water in top-coal caving working face at three soft coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):148-154.
[12]曹建涛,来兴平,崔峰,等.急斜特厚煤层开采扰动区(MDZ)煤岩体动力学变形失稳过程分析[J].西安科技大学学报,2015,35(4):397-402.CAO Jian-tao,LAI Xing-ping,CUI Feng,et al.Characteristics on dynamical deformation and instability of coal and rock mass in mining disturbed zone(MDZ)relating to steeply dipping heavy thick coal seams mining[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2015,35(4):397-402.
[13]鞠金峰,许家林,朱卫兵.西部缺水矿区地下水库保水的库容研究[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(2):381-387.JU Jin-feng,XU Jia-lin,ZHU Wei-bing.Storage capacity of underground reservoir in the Chinese western watershort coalfield[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(2):381-387.
[14]姜福兴,尹永明,朱权洁,等.基于微震监测的千米深井厚煤层综放面支架围岩关系研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(2):168-174.JIANG Fu-xing,YIN Yong-ming,ZHU Quan-jie,et al.Relationship between support and surrounding rock of fully mechanized caving face in thick coal seam of kilometer deep mine based on microseismic monitoring technology[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(2):168-174.
[15]邵小平,石平五.急斜煤层大段高工作面矿压显现规律[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(1):36-40.SHAO Xiao-ping,SHI Ping-wu.Strata behavior in large section face of steep seams[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2009,26(1):36-40.
[16]马念杰,赵希栋,赵志强,等.深部采动巷道顶板稳定性分析与控制[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(10):2287-2295.MA Nian-jie,ZHAO Xi-dong,ZHAO Zhi-qiang,et al.Stability analysis and control technology of mine roadway roof in deep mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(10):2287-2295.
[17]崔峰,来兴平,曹建涛,等.急倾斜煤层水平分段综放面开采扰动影响分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(4):610-616.CUI Feng,LAI Xing-ping,CAO Jian-tao,et al.Mining disturbance of horizontal section full-mechanized caving face in steeply inclined coal seam[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2015,32(4):610-616.
[18]XIA Bin-wei,JIA Jin-long,YU Bin,et al.Coupling effects of coal pillars of thick coal seams in large-space stopes and hard stratum on mine pressure[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2017(6):965-972.
[19]ZHAO Zhen-gang,ZHANG Yong-jun,ZHOU Chuan-li,et al.Monitoring of coal mine roadway roof separation based on fiber Bragg grating displacement sensors[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2015,74:128-132.
[20]袁勇,王飞跃.区块链技术发展现状与展望[J].自动化学报,2016,42(4):481-494.YUAN Yong,WANG Fei-yue.The state of the art and future trends[J].Acta Automatica Sinica,2016,42(4):481-494.
[2]王双明,黄庆享,范立民,等.生态脆弱矿区含(隔)水层特征及保水开采分区研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(1):7-14.WANG Shuang-ming,HUANG Qing-xiang,FAN Li-min,et al.Study on overburden aquclude and water protection mining regionazation in the ecological fragile mining area[J].Journal of China Coal Society 2010,35(1):7-14.
[3]许家林,朱卫兵,鞠金峰.浅埋煤层开采压架类型[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1625-1634.XU Jia-lin,ZHU Wei-bing,JU jin-fen.Supports crushing types in the longwall mining of shallow seams[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1625-1634.
[4]窦林名,贺虎.煤矿覆岩空间结构OX-F-T演化规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(3):453-460.DOU Lin-ming,HE Hu.Study of OX-F-T spatial structure evolution of overlying strata in coal mines[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(3):453-460.
[5]谢广祥,王磊.综放工作面煤层及围岩破坏特征的采厚效应[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,35(2):177-181.XIE Guang-xiang,WANG Lei.Thickness effects of fracture characteristics of coal seam and surrounding rocks in fully mechanized top-coal caving face[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2010,35(2):177-181.
[6]潘俊峰,齐庆新,毛德兵,等.冲击性顶板运动及其应力演化特征的3DEC模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(S1):3546-3552.PAN Jun-feng,QI Qing-xin,MAO De-bing,et al.Study on movement and stress evolutionary process of impaed roof with 3DEC[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(S1):3546-3552.
[7]来兴平,杨毅然,单鹏飞,等.急斜煤层顶板应力叠加效应致灾特征综合分析[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(1):70-78.LAI Xing-ping,YANG Yi-ran,SHAN Peng-fei,et al.Comprehensive analysis of disaster-causing characteristics of roof stress superimposed effect in steeply inclined coal seams[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(1):70-78.
[8]来兴平,李云鹏,王宁波,等.基于梁结构的急斜煤层综放工作面顶板变形特征[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(6):871-876.LAI Xing-ping,LI Yun-peng,WANG Ning-bo,et al.Roof deformation characteristics with full-mechanized caving face based on beam structure in extremely inclined coal seam[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(6):871-876.
[9]来兴平,孙欢,单鹏飞,等.急斜特厚煤层水平分段综放开采覆层类椭球体结构分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(5):716-720.LAI Xing-ping,SUN Huan,SHAN Peng-fei,et al.Overlying strata ellipsoid-style structure of horizontal section top-coal caving in steeply inclined and extra thick coal seam[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2014,31(5):716-720.
[10]来兴平,雷照源,李柱.急倾斜特厚煤层综放面顶板运移特征综合分析[J].西安科技大学学报,2016,36(5):610-615.LAI Xing-ping,LEI Zhao-yuan,LI Zhu.Comprehensive analysis of roof migration characteristics of top-caving roof in extremely steep and thick coal seams[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2016,36(5):610-615.
[11]来兴平,崔峰,曹建涛,等.三软煤层综放工作面覆岩垮落及裂隙导水特征分析[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):148-154.LAI Xing-ping,CUI Feng,CAO Jian-tao,et al.Analysis on characteristics of overlying rock caving and fissureconductive water in top-coal caving working face at three soft coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):148-154.
[12]曹建涛,来兴平,崔峰,等.急斜特厚煤层开采扰动区(MDZ)煤岩体动力学变形失稳过程分析[J].西安科技大学学报,2015,35(4):397-402.CAO Jian-tao,LAI Xing-ping,CUI Feng,et al.Characteristics on dynamical deformation and instability of coal and rock mass in mining disturbed zone(MDZ)relating to steeply dipping heavy thick coal seams mining[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2015,35(4):397-402.
[13]鞠金峰,许家林,朱卫兵.西部缺水矿区地下水库保水的库容研究[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(2):381-387.JU Jin-feng,XU Jia-lin,ZHU Wei-bing.Storage capacity of underground reservoir in the Chinese western watershort coalfield[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(2):381-387.
[14]姜福兴,尹永明,朱权洁,等.基于微震监测的千米深井厚煤层综放面支架围岩关系研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(2):168-174.JIANG Fu-xing,YIN Yong-ming,ZHU Quan-jie,et al.Relationship between support and surrounding rock of fully mechanized caving face in thick coal seam of kilometer deep mine based on microseismic monitoring technology[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(2):168-174.
[15]邵小平,石平五.急斜煤层大段高工作面矿压显现规律[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(1):36-40.SHAO Xiao-ping,SHI Ping-wu.Strata behavior in large section face of steep seams[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2009,26(1):36-40.
[16]马念杰,赵希栋,赵志强,等.深部采动巷道顶板稳定性分析与控制[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(10):2287-2295.MA Nian-jie,ZHAO Xi-dong,ZHAO Zhi-qiang,et al.Stability analysis and control technology of mine roadway roof in deep mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(10):2287-2295.
[17]崔峰,来兴平,曹建涛,等.急倾斜煤层水平分段综放面开采扰动影响分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(4):610-616.CUI Feng,LAI Xing-ping,CAO Jian-tao,et al.Mining disturbance of horizontal section full-mechanized caving face in steeply inclined coal seam[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2015,32(4):610-616.
[18]XIA Bin-wei,JIA Jin-long,YU Bin,et al.Coupling effects of coal pillars of thick coal seams in large-space stopes and hard stratum on mine pressure[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2017(6):965-972.
[19]ZHAO Zhen-gang,ZHANG Yong-jun,ZHOU Chuan-li,et al.Monitoring of coal mine roadway roof separation based on fiber Bragg grating displacement sensors[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2015,74:128-132.
[20]袁勇,王飞跃.区块链技术发展现状与展望[J].自动化学报,2016,42(4):481-494.YUAN Yong,WANG Fei-yue.The state of the art and future trends[J].Acta Automatica Sinica,2016,42(4):481-494.