“9.24”内蒙古东南部致灾飑线过程成因分析
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摘要
利用常规观测、地面自动站加密观测资料、NCEP(0.25°×0.25°)再分析资料以及多普勒雷达资料等,对2016年9月24日发生在内蒙古东南部一次致灾飑线天气过程进行分析。结果表明:(1)中高层干冷空气扩散东南下与低层西南急流的辐合急剧加强为强飑线提供了非常有利的大尺度环流背景;(2)对流有效位能(CAPE)在强对流爆发前有明显跃升;假相当位温(θse)中低层分布呈显著的倒漏斗状,而且随高度增高递减率明显增大,这种上干下湿的层结有利于雷暴大风和冰雹等强对流天气产生;(3)地面中尺度露点锋(干线)和中尺度辐合线长时间维持、耦合并加强成为这次强对流天气的直接触发和维持机制;飑线后部一直维持雷暴高压,表明有地面大风存在;(4)雷达回波伴有弓形回波特征,低层呈现有界弱回波区(BWER),中高层有明显的回波悬垂,50～55 dBz强回波区延伸到7.5 km,表明对流风暴内有强烈的上升气流,有利于短时强降水和大冰雹的形成;(5)弓形回波径向速度剖面图上存在中层径向辐合(MARC)。
Based on the conventional observation data, automatic weather station data, Doppler radar data and NCEP(0.25°×0.25°)reanalysis data, a strong convective weather event occurred in the southeastern Inner Mongolia on 24 September 2016 caused by the disaster squall line was analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows. In the high and middle levels, cold and dry air masses spread to the southeast with the convergence of the low southwestern jet drastically strengthened, which provides this strong squall line process a very good large-scale circulation background. The CAPE has a significant increase before the strong convective weather occurred. The middle and low level distribution of θsepresents like inverted funnel, and decreases with the increase of the height. This kind of dry and wet structure is favorable for the occurrence of strong convective weather such as thunderstorms and hails. The direct trigger and maintenance mechanism of this strong convective weather are due to the longtime maintaining, coupling and increasing between ground scale dew point front(dry line)and mesoscale convergence line. The thunderstorm high pressure stayed after the squall line indicating that there is a surface strong wind. The characteristic of radar echo appears like bow echo. The reflectivity profile of the bow echo front shows that there is a boundary weak echo region(BWER) in the lower layer. In the high-level, it has obvious echo drape. Strong echo zone achieve 50-55 d Bz extends to 7.5 km, indicating that a strong upward flow is in the convective storm which is conducive to the formation of short-term heavy rainfall and the large hail. The arcuate velocity profile of the bow echo represents a strong sinking airflow and the middle ground radial convergence(MARC)of the ground wind warning index.
Based on the conventional observation data, automatic weather station data, Doppler radar data and NCEP(0.25°×0.25°)reanalysis data, a strong convective weather event occurred in the southeastern Inner Mongolia on 24 September 2016 caused by the disaster squall line was analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows. In the high and middle levels, cold and dry air masses spread to the southeast with the convergence of the low southwestern jet drastically strengthened, which provides this strong squall line process a very good large-scale circulation background. The CAPE has a significant increase before the strong convective weather occurred. The middle and low level distribution of θsepresents like inverted funnel, and decreases with the increase of the height. This kind of dry and wet structure is favorable for the occurrence of strong convective weather such as thunderstorms and hails. The direct trigger and maintenance mechanism of this strong convective weather are due to the longtime maintaining, coupling and increasing between ground scale dew point front(dry line)and mesoscale convergence line. The thunderstorm high pressure stayed after the squall line indicating that there is a surface strong wind. The characteristic of radar echo appears like bow echo. The reflectivity profile of the bow echo front shows that there is a boundary weak echo region(BWER) in the lower layer. In the high-level, it has obvious echo drape. Strong echo zone achieve 50-55 d Bz extends to 7.5 km, indicating that a strong upward flow is in the convective storm which is conducive to the formation of short-term heavy rainfall and the large hail. The arcuate velocity profile of the bow echo represents a strong sinking airflow and the middle ground radial convergence(MARC)of the ground wind warning index.
引文
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[15]王俊,龚佃利,刁秀广,等.一次弓状回波、强对流风暴及合并过程研究I:以单多普勒雷达资料为主的综合分析[J].高原气象,2011,30(4):1 067-1 077
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[17]郑媛媛,张雪晨,朱红芳,等.东北冷涡对江淮飑线生成的影响研究[J].高原气象,2014,33(1):261-269
[18]杨珊珊,谌芸,李晟祺,等.冷涡背景下飑线过程统计分析[J].气象,2016,42(9):1 079-1 089
[19]牛淑贞,张一平,席世平,等.基于加密探测资料解2009年6月3H商丘强飑线形成机制[J].暴雨灾害,2012,31(3):255-263
[20]王国荣,卞素芬,王令,等.用地面加密自动观测资料对北京地区一次飑线过程的分析[J].气象,2010,36(6):59-65
[21]吴海英,陈海山,蒋义芳,等."090603"强飑线过程动力结构特征的观测与模拟分析[J].高原气象,2013,32(4):1 084-1 094
[22]曹倩,杨茜茜,叶丹,等.一次飑线过程的雷达观测和数值模拟分析[J].干旱气象,2016,34(2):305-316
[23]王艳春,王红艳,刘黎平.华南一次强飑线过程的三维变分风场反演效果分析[J].暴雨灾害,2014,33(4):305-312
[24]郭弘,林永辉,周淼,等.华南暖区暴雨中一次飑线的中尺度分析[J].暴雨灾害,2014,33(2):171-180
[25]王俊,盛日锋,陈西利.一次弓状回波、强对流风暴及合并过程研究Ⅱ:双多普勒雷达反演三维风场分析[J].高原气象,2011,30(4):1 078-1 086
[26]韩文字,杨丽丽,杨毅.一次强对流过程的多普勒雷达反演及预警分析[J].干旱气象,2014,32(5):810-818
[27]农孟松,翟丽萍,屈梅芳,等.广西一次飑线大风天气的成因和预警分析[J].气象,2014,40(12):1 491-1 499
[28]许爱华,孙继松,许东蓓,等.中国中东部强对流天气的天气形势分类和基本要素配置特征[J].气象,2014,40(4):400-411
[29]费海燕,王秀明,周小刚,等.中国强雷暴大风的气候特征和环境参数分析[J].气象,2016,42(12):1 513-1 521
[30]盛裴轩,毛节泰,李建国,等.大气物理[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2002:137-144
[31]王秀明,周小刚,俞小鼎.雷暴大风环境特征及其对风暴结构影响的对比研究[J].气象学报,2013,71(5):839-852
[32] Doswell C A. The distinction between large-scale and mesoscale contribution to severe convection:A case study example[J].Wea Forecasting, 1987,2(1):3-16
[33] Witt A. An enhanced hail detection algorithm for the WSR-88D[J].Wea Forecasting, 1998,13:286-303
[34]俞小鼎,姚秀萍,熊廷南,等.多普勒天气雷达原理与业务应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2006:1-311
[35] Schmocker G K. Forecasting the Initial Onset of Damaging Downburst Winds Associated with a Mesoscale Convective System(MGS)Using the Midaltitude Radial Convergence(MARC)Signature[C]//15th Conf on Weather Analysis and Forecasting. Norfolk, VA:Amer Meteor Soc,1996:306-311
[2] Hamilton R E. Use of detailed intensity radar data in mesoscale surface analysis of the 4 July 1969 storm in Ohio[C]//Preprints 14th Conf. on Radar Meteorology. Tucson, AZ:Amer Meteor Soc,1970:339-342
[3]丁一汇,李鸿洲,章名立,等.我国飑线发生条件研究[J].大气科学,1982,6(1):18-27
[4]方翀,俞小鼎,朱文剑,等.2013年3月20日湖南和广东雷暴大风过程的特征分析[J].气象,2015,41(11):1 305-1 314
[5]赵桂香,王思慜,邱贵强,等.孤立云团造成的一次强对流天气分析[J].干旱气象,2015,33(1):98-109
[6]支树林,许爱华,张娟娟,等.一次影响江西的致灾性飑线天气成因分析[J].暴雨灾害,2015,34(4):352-359
[7]梁建宇,孙建华.2009年6月一次飑线过程灾害性大风的形成机制[J].大气科学,2012,36(2):316-336
[8]王秀明,俞小鼎,周小刚,等."6-3"区域致灾雷暴大风形成及维持原因分析[J].高原气象,2012,31(2):504-514
[9]郑丽娜,刁秀广.一次华北飑线的阵风锋天气过程分析[J].气象,2016,42(2):174-182
[10]伍志方,庞古乾,贺汉青,等.2012年4月广东左移和飑线内超级单体的环境条件和结构对比分析[J].气象,2014,40(6):655-667
[11]陈涛,代刊,张芳华.一次华北飑线天气过程中环境条件与对流发展机制研究[J].气象,2013,39(8):945-954
[12]周昆,陈兴超,王东勇,等.2014年淮河流域一次飑线过程的结构及环境分析[J].暴雨灾害,2016,35(1):69-75
[13]姚叶青,俞小鼎,张义军,等.一次典型飑线过程多普勒天气雷达资料分析[J].高原气象,2008,27(2):373-381
[14]李峰,周薇,张乐坚,等.北京"6.23"局地强对流天气的雷达产品特征分析[J].干旱气象,2014,32(4):608-615
[15]王俊,龚佃利,刁秀广,等.一次弓状回波、强对流风暴及合并过程研究I:以单多普勒雷达资料为主的综合分析[J].高原气象,2011,30(4):1 067-1 077
[16]刁秀广,孟宪贵,万明波,等.源于飑线前期和强降雨带后期的弓形回波雷达产品特征及预警[J].高原气象,2015,34(5):1 486-1 494
[17]郑媛媛,张雪晨,朱红芳,等.东北冷涡对江淮飑线生成的影响研究[J].高原气象,2014,33(1):261-269
[18]杨珊珊,谌芸,李晟祺,等.冷涡背景下飑线过程统计分析[J].气象,2016,42(9):1 079-1 089
[19]牛淑贞,张一平,席世平,等.基于加密探测资料解2009年6月3H商丘强飑线形成机制[J].暴雨灾害,2012,31(3):255-263
[20]王国荣,卞素芬,王令,等.用地面加密自动观测资料对北京地区一次飑线过程的分析[J].气象,2010,36(6):59-65
[21]吴海英,陈海山,蒋义芳,等."090603"强飑线过程动力结构特征的观测与模拟分析[J].高原气象,2013,32(4):1 084-1 094
[22]曹倩,杨茜茜,叶丹,等.一次飑线过程的雷达观测和数值模拟分析[J].干旱气象,2016,34(2):305-316
[23]王艳春,王红艳,刘黎平.华南一次强飑线过程的三维变分风场反演效果分析[J].暴雨灾害,2014,33(4):305-312
[24]郭弘,林永辉,周淼,等.华南暖区暴雨中一次飑线的中尺度分析[J].暴雨灾害,2014,33(2):171-180
[25]王俊,盛日锋,陈西利.一次弓状回波、强对流风暴及合并过程研究Ⅱ:双多普勒雷达反演三维风场分析[J].高原气象,2011,30(4):1 078-1 086
[26]韩文字,杨丽丽,杨毅.一次强对流过程的多普勒雷达反演及预警分析[J].干旱气象,2014,32(5):810-818
[27]农孟松,翟丽萍,屈梅芳,等.广西一次飑线大风天气的成因和预警分析[J].气象,2014,40(12):1 491-1 499
[28]许爱华,孙继松,许东蓓,等.中国中东部强对流天气的天气形势分类和基本要素配置特征[J].气象,2014,40(4):400-411
[29]费海燕,王秀明,周小刚,等.中国强雷暴大风的气候特征和环境参数分析[J].气象,2016,42(12):1 513-1 521
[30]盛裴轩,毛节泰,李建国,等.大气物理[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2002:137-144
[31]王秀明,周小刚,俞小鼎.雷暴大风环境特征及其对风暴结构影响的对比研究[J].气象学报,2013,71(5):839-852
[32] Doswell C A. The distinction between large-scale and mesoscale contribution to severe convection:A case study example[J].Wea Forecasting, 1987,2(1):3-16
[33] Witt A. An enhanced hail detection algorithm for the WSR-88D[J].Wea Forecasting, 1998,13:286-303
[34]俞小鼎,姚秀萍,熊廷南,等.多普勒天气雷达原理与业务应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2006:1-311
[35] Schmocker G K. Forecasting the Initial Onset of Damaging Downburst Winds Associated with a Mesoscale Convective System(MGS)Using the Midaltitude Radial Convergence(MARC)Signature[C]//15th Conf on Weather Analysis and Forecasting. Norfolk, VA:Amer Meteor Soc,1996:306-311