城市湿地公园生态旅游资源延展整合模式探析——基于武汉城市圈的数据
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摘要
运用田野调查法,依据《旅游资源分类、调查与评价》(GB/T18972-2003)对武汉城市圈内31家国家级、省级和市级湿地公园及湿地自然保护区的湿地生态旅游资源类型、数量和特点进行了统计分析。运用地理集中指数和交通通达指数分析圈域湿地生态旅游资源的空间结构特征。结果显示:湖泊型湿地生态系统典型、生物景观丰富、历史文化积淀深厚、美学价值高;圈域整体交通通达性较好,武汉市的核心集聚效应明显。从空间结构、区位特点、核心功能、产品内涵、功能分区和典型代表这6个层面构建景区依托型、生态农场型、生境保育型三种典型的延展整合模式,为城市湿地生态旅游资源保护和合理利用提供借鉴。
According to Tourism Resource Classification,Investigation and Evaluation( GB / T18972-2003),the study select 31 cases from national,provincial,municipal wetland parks and wetland nature reserves in Wuhan megalopolis,makes statistical analysis about the types,quantity and characteristics through fieldwork research. Using geographic concentration index and traffic accessibility index,this paper analysed the spacial structure characteristics of wetland ecotourism resources in the megalopolis. The result shows that Wuhan megalopolis featured with typical lake and wetland ecosystem,good biological landscape,profound historical and cultural heritage,which are of highly aesthetic value. Wuhan city circle has wonderful overall transport accessibility,especially in Wuhan.Combining with the actual situation of these wetland parks,the study pioneers three typical wetland ecotourism extended integration patterns: scenic relying type,ecological farm type and habitat conservation type,which based on the six dimensions: spatial structure,location characteristics,the core functionality,product content,functional area and typical representatives. Recommendations for urban wetland ecotourism development are provided.
According to Tourism Resource Classification,Investigation and Evaluation( GB / T18972-2003),the study select 31 cases from national,provincial,municipal wetland parks and wetland nature reserves in Wuhan megalopolis,makes statistical analysis about the types,quantity and characteristics through fieldwork research. Using geographic concentration index and traffic accessibility index,this paper analysed the spacial structure characteristics of wetland ecotourism resources in the megalopolis. The result shows that Wuhan megalopolis featured with typical lake and wetland ecosystem,good biological landscape,profound historical and cultural heritage,which are of highly aesthetic value. Wuhan city circle has wonderful overall transport accessibility,especially in Wuhan.Combining with the actual situation of these wetland parks,the study pioneers three typical wetland ecotourism extended integration patterns: scenic relying type,ecological farm type and habitat conservation type,which based on the six dimensions: spatial structure,location characteristics,the core functionality,product content,functional area and typical representatives. Recommendations for urban wetland ecotourism development are provided.
引文
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[24]张璟.文化视野中的水系旅游资源整合初论[J].生态经济,2007(3):120-124.
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[28]袁俊,余瑞林,刘承良,等.武汉城市圈国家A级旅游景区的空间结构[J].经济地理,2010(2):324-328.
[29]毛端谦,习复芳,秦金瑜,等.鄱阳湖区旅游资源空间整合研究[J].江西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(2):215-220.
[30]刘大均,谢双玉,陈君子,等.基于分形理论的区域旅游景区系统空间结构演化模式研究:以武汉市为例[J].经济地理,2013(4):155-160.
[31]谢志华,吴必虎.中国资源型景区旅游空间结构研究[J].地理科学,2008,28(6):748-753.
[32]庄大昌,丁登山,任湘沙.我国湿地生态旅游资源保护与开发利用研究[J].经济地理,2003,23(4):554-557.
[2]王立龙,陆林.湿地生态旅游研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(6):1517-1524.
[3]NORTHSIDE,CODY M,MICHAELE P.Wetland Park And Green Exit[R].Cincinnati:Niehoff Urban Studio,2010:1-10.
[4]陈克林.湿地公园建设管理问题的探讨[J].湿地科学,2005,3(4):298-301.
[5]NOGA C,DAN M,ZEV L,et al.Are birders good for birds?Bird conservation through tourism management in the hula valley,israel[J].Tourism Management,2013,38(1):31-42.
[6]邝奕轩,王圣瑞,李贵宝.我国新型城镇化建设中的城市湖泊湿地保护研究[J].环境保护,2014(16):37-40.
[7]王燕,张丽娜,梁晓伟,等.北京野鸭湖湿地观鸟生态旅游开发研究[J].绿色科技,2011(1):132-134.
[8]MICHAEL H S,LOUIS C.Modelling reef zonation in the greater st lucia wetland park,south africa[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2004,63(3):373-384.
[9]EDUARDO G,B?RBARA A,MARTHA B,et.al.Biodiversity conservation,traditional agriculture and ecotourism:Land cover/land use change projections for a natural protectedarea in the northeastern Yucatan Peninsula,Mexico[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2007,83(2-3):137-153.
[10]姚志刚,陈玉清,袁芳,等.江苏省滨海湿地现状、问题及保护对策[J].林业科技开发,2014,28(4):10-14.
[11]张爱平,钟林生,徐勇,等.黄河首曲地区生态旅游开发适宜区识别与分类研究:结合旅游者偏好的分析[J].资源与生态学报(英文版),2015,6(1):21-29.
[12]唐玲,高玉福,李倩中,等.苏州东太湖湿地一期保护开发概念性规划[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(10):339-342.
[13]王鑫,李雄.高寒地区草原河流型湿地公园规划探索:以内蒙古海拉尔河湿地公园概念性规划为例[J].中国园林,2014(11):96-100.
[14]王瑾,张玉钧,石玲.可持续生计目标下的生态旅游发展模式:以河北白洋淀湿地自然保护区王家寨社区为例[J].生态学报,2014,34(9):2388-2400.
[15]庾晓红,刘佳,张欣晔,等.基于界江黑龙江的湿地生态旅游项目设计研究[J].安徽农业科学,2013(4):1595-1596.
[16]CHAMINUKA P,GROENEVELD R A,SELOMANE A O.Tourist preferences for ecotourism in rural communities adjacentto Kruger National Park:A choice experiment approach[J].Tourism Management,2012,33(1):168-176.
[17]TSAUR S,LIN Y,LIN J.Evaluating ecotourism sustainability from the integratedperspective of resource,community and tourism[J].Tourism Management,2006,27(4):640-653.
[18]SITUMORANG D B M,MIRZANTI I R.Social entrepreneurship to develop ecotourism[J].Procedia Economics and Finance,2012,4:398-405.
[19]王莉,张宏梅,陆林,等.湿地公园游客感知价值研究[J].旅游学刊,2014,29(6):87-96.
[20]梁明珠,刘志宏.游客视角的湿地景区游憩冲击:维度及其影响:以广州南沙湿地公园为例[J].旅游学刊,2015,30(2):42-51.
[21]郝春旭,杨莉菲,温亚利.基于典型案例研究的中国湿地生态补偿模式探析[J].林业经济问题,2010,30(3):189-192,198.
[22]钟林生,李萍.甘肃省阿万仓湿地旅游开发生态风险评价及管理对策[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(11):1444-1451.
[23]周伟,李旭,刘钊,等.云南高原4个国际重要湿地生态旅游管理评价[J].林业经济问题,2010,30(2):136-140.
[24]张璟.文化视野中的水系旅游资源整合初论[J].生态经济,2007(3):120-124.
[25]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所“武汉城市圈总体规划”课题组.武汉城市圈总体规划纲要(2007-2020年)[R].北京:中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所.2007:4-5.
[26]晋淑兰.湖北省地图册[M].北京:中国地图出版社,2005:1-2.
[27]王昆欣,周国忠.杭嘉湖生态旅游资源的类型效应、分布特征及整合思路[J].生态经济,2006(1):104-107.
[28]袁俊,余瑞林,刘承良,等.武汉城市圈国家A级旅游景区的空间结构[J].经济地理,2010(2):324-328.
[29]毛端谦,习复芳,秦金瑜,等.鄱阳湖区旅游资源空间整合研究[J].江西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(2):215-220.
[30]刘大均,谢双玉,陈君子,等.基于分形理论的区域旅游景区系统空间结构演化模式研究:以武汉市为例[J].经济地理,2013(4):155-160.
[31]谢志华,吴必虎.中国资源型景区旅游空间结构研究[J].地理科学,2008,28(6):748-753.
[32]庄大昌,丁登山,任湘沙.我国湿地生态旅游资源保护与开发利用研究[J].经济地理,2003,23(4):554-557.