大城市常规公交线网规划体系的反思与构建——以苏州为例
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摘要
常规公交在城市公共交通系统中具有不可替代的作用。常规公交线网规划体系的构建对于提高规划的系统性、增强规划的实施性意义重大。在反思大城市常规公交线网规划体系的基础上,针对规划层次缺失的问题,划分全网、片区、线路等三个公交线网规划层次,重点突出中观层面的片区线网优化规划;针对规划类型单一的问题,在全网和片区两个层次根据不同主题细分公交线网规划类型,应对多样化的公交线网优化需求;针对规划评估不足的问题,增加线路层面和全网层面的后评估研究及公交线网年度报告,使公交线网规划体系形成闭环。研究最终构建了分层次、多主题、重评估的常规公交线网规划体系,并以苏州市为例,介绍常规公交线网规划的发展历程和具有借鉴意义的实践工作。
Bus transit plays an irreplaceable role in urban public transit system. The establishment of bus transit network planning system is of great significance to improve the systematicness and implementation of planning. Based on reflections of bus transit network planning system in large cities, to solve the problem of lacking planning hierarchy, transit network planning system is divided into three levels—entire network,subarea and route. The medium level planning—ubarea transit network optimization is highlighted. To solve the problem of single planning type, transit network planning at entire network and subarea levels are subdivided according to different themes which response diverse transit network optimization needs.To solve the problem of insufficient planning evaluation, the assessments of route and network and transit network annual report are proposed to form a closed-loop of transit network planning system. A hierarchical, multi-themes, evaluation-emphasis bus transit network planning system is finally established.Taking Suzhou as an example, the development of bus transit network planning and practical works which have referential value are introduced.
Bus transit plays an irreplaceable role in urban public transit system. The establishment of bus transit network planning system is of great significance to improve the systematicness and implementation of planning. Based on reflections of bus transit network planning system in large cities, to solve the problem of lacking planning hierarchy, transit network planning system is divided into three levels—entire network,subarea and route. The medium level planning—ubarea transit network optimization is highlighted. To solve the problem of single planning type, transit network planning at entire network and subarea levels are subdivided according to different themes which response diverse transit network optimization needs.To solve the problem of insufficient planning evaluation, the assessments of route and network and transit network annual report are proposed to form a closed-loop of transit network planning system. A hierarchical, multi-themes, evaluation-emphasis bus transit network planning system is finally established.Taking Suzhou as an example, the development of bus transit network planning and practical works which have referential value are introduced.
引文
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[2]陈小鸿,叶建红,杨涛.城市公共交通优先发展的困境溯源与路径探寻[J].城市交通,2013,11(2):17-25.
[3]周鹤龙.超大城市公交都市建设路径探索与反思:以广州市为例[J].城市交通,2015(6):20-26.
[4]卓健.公交优先发展战略的几个认识误区[J].国际城市规划,2013(4):51-52.
[5]石飞,徐向远.公交都市物质性规划建设的内涵与策略[J].城市规划,2014(7):61-67.
[6] Asadi B S. Ceder A A. Transit-network design methodology for actual-size road networks[J]. Transportation Research Part B:Methodological, 2011,45(10):1787-1804.
[7] Currie G. Gap analysis of public transport needs:Measuring spatial distribution of public transport needsand identifying gaps in the quality of public transport provision[J].Transportation Research Record:Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2004(1895):137-146.
[8] Currie G. Quantifying spatial gaps in public transport supply based on social needs[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2010,18(1):31-41.
[9] Polzin S E. Pendyala R M, Navari S. Development of time-of-day-based transit accessibility analysis tool[J].Transportation Research Record:Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2002(1799):35-41.
[10] Al Mamun S, Lownes N E. Measuring service gaps:Accessibility-based transit need index[J]. Transportation ResearchRecord:Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2011(2217):153-161.
[11] Minocha I, Sriraj P S, Metaxatos P, et al. Analysis of transit quality of service and employment accessibility for the greater Chicago, Illinois, Region[J].Transportation Research Record:Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2008(2042):20-29.