论环境侵权诉讼中鉴定意见的采信
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摘要
我国民事诉讼法并没有完善的鉴定意见的质证和认证程序,对鉴定意见的审查主要集中在合法性上,导致在环境侵权诉讼中鉴定意见的证明力不稳定,诉讼当事人质疑法官采信鉴定意见是否妥当,且不知道应准备何种鉴定意见才能说服法官。结合我国法院审理环境侵权诉讼的实务经验,借鉴美国专家证言制度,建议完善鉴定意见的认证和质证规则,在坚持法官对鉴定意见质证主导权的基础上,保障当事人的质证权。通过成立环保审判专家咨询委员会、建立与完善环境资源专家陪审员制度等方式,发挥技术专家的支持和帮助作用,以避免法官采信错误的鉴定意见。
As the Civil Procedure Law of China has no complete procedures for cross-examination and authentication of expert opinion, the examination of expert opinion mainly focuses on its legitimacy, thus weakening the expert opinion's probative force in the practice of environmental tort litigation. While litigants may doubt whether a judge's acceptance of expert opinion is appropriate, they have no idea what kind of expert opinion should be prepared to convince the judge. Based on the practical experience of environmental tort litigation in China's courts and the expert testimony system of the US, we propose to improve the rules of authentication and cross-examination of expert opinion,and protect the litigants' cross-examination right based on guaranteeing the judge's dominant right in cross-examination of expert opinion. Through the efforts to establish expert advisory committee on environmental trial, improve expert jurors system on environmental resources, the technical experts' supportive and assisting role will be fully played to prevent judges from wrong acceptance of expert opinions.
As the Civil Procedure Law of China has no complete procedures for cross-examination and authentication of expert opinion, the examination of expert opinion mainly focuses on its legitimacy, thus weakening the expert opinion's probative force in the practice of environmental tort litigation. While litigants may doubt whether a judge's acceptance of expert opinion is appropriate, they have no idea what kind of expert opinion should be prepared to convince the judge. Based on the practical experience of environmental tort litigation in China's courts and the expert testimony system of the US, we propose to improve the rules of authentication and cross-examination of expert opinion,and protect the litigants' cross-examination right based on guaranteeing the judge's dominant right in cross-examination of expert opinion. Through the efforts to establish expert advisory committee on environmental trial, improve expert jurors system on environmental resources, the technical experts' supportive and assisting role will be fully played to prevent judges from wrong acceptance of expert opinions.
引文
[1]朱晋峰.环境损害司法鉴定若干问题探索——基于环境损害责任纠纷实践的分析[J].证据科学,2017(1):65-79.
[2]邓小云.环境污染案件审理中的问题与对策[J].河南社会科学,2013(7):33.
[3]王嘎利.环境公益诉讼中科学证据效力之认定[J].公民与法(法学版),2015(1):45-49.
[4]孙佑海.环境损害司法鉴定:如何依法有序发展?[J].环境保护,2016(24):28-33.
[5]胡学军.环境侵权中的因果关系及其证明问题评析[J].中国法学,2013(5):163-177.
[6]张君周.论法官对科学证据的审查——以美国法官的看守职责为视角[J].法律科学(西北政法大学学报),2008(6):62-69.
[7]王继福.美国科学证据可采性标准的变迁及对我国的启示[J].山东社会科学,2010(2):118-121.
[8]张敏纯.我国环境侵权诉讼中科学证据认定规则的构建——以美国经验为借鉴[J].学术界,2014(10):174-180.
[9]李路阳.尽早制定环境损害司法鉴定意见质证认证规则[J].国际融资,2017(4):23-24.
[10]黄凯.构建我国环境资源审判专家证人制度[N].人民法院报,2015-05-08.
[11]谢伟.我国环境诉讼的专家证人制度构建[J].政治与法律,2016(10):28-37.
(1)参见中华人民共和国最高人民法院(2015)民抗字第11号民事裁定书。中国裁判文书网,http://wenshu.court.gov.cn/content/content?DocID=8e3ea3e9-e7fa-4c29-8ec4-c885d3e5b1b7&KeyWord=%E5%B8%B8%E6%9D%A5%E5%92%8C。
(2)参见湖南省岳阳市中级人民法院(2015)岳中民一终字第734号民事判决书。中国裁判文书网,http://wenshu.court.gov.cn/content/content?DocID=0CE99EBC-0462-4C13-81F0-2483DF67BA33&KeyWord=%E7%8E%8B%E5%85%B6%E7%BF%A0。
(1)参见山东省高级人民法院(2014)鲁民一终字第577号民事判决书。中国裁判文书网,http://wenshu.court.gov.cn/content/content?DocID=6107b24e-c379-47c4-99ee-d74a91a971ed&KeyWord=%E5%BC%A0%E6%88%90%E5%9D%87。
[2]邓小云.环境污染案件审理中的问题与对策[J].河南社会科学,2013(7):33.
[3]王嘎利.环境公益诉讼中科学证据效力之认定[J].公民与法(法学版),2015(1):45-49.
[4]孙佑海.环境损害司法鉴定:如何依法有序发展?[J].环境保护,2016(24):28-33.
[5]胡学军.环境侵权中的因果关系及其证明问题评析[J].中国法学,2013(5):163-177.
[6]张君周.论法官对科学证据的审查——以美国法官的看守职责为视角[J].法律科学(西北政法大学学报),2008(6):62-69.
[7]王继福.美国科学证据可采性标准的变迁及对我国的启示[J].山东社会科学,2010(2):118-121.
[8]张敏纯.我国环境侵权诉讼中科学证据认定规则的构建——以美国经验为借鉴[J].学术界,2014(10):174-180.
[9]李路阳.尽早制定环境损害司法鉴定意见质证认证规则[J].国际融资,2017(4):23-24.
[10]黄凯.构建我国环境资源审判专家证人制度[N].人民法院报,2015-05-08.
[11]谢伟.我国环境诉讼的专家证人制度构建[J].政治与法律,2016(10):28-37.
(1)参见中华人民共和国最高人民法院(2015)民抗字第11号民事裁定书。中国裁判文书网,http://wenshu.court.gov.cn/content/content?DocID=8e3ea3e9-e7fa-4c29-8ec4-c885d3e5b1b7&KeyWord=%E5%B8%B8%E6%9D%A5%E5%92%8C。
(2)参见湖南省岳阳市中级人民法院(2015)岳中民一终字第734号民事判决书。中国裁判文书网,http://wenshu.court.gov.cn/content/content?DocID=0CE99EBC-0462-4C13-81F0-2483DF67BA33&KeyWord=%E7%8E%8B%E5%85%B6%E7%BF%A0。
(1)参见山东省高级人民法院(2014)鲁民一终字第577号民事判决书。中国裁判文书网,http://wenshu.court.gov.cn/content/content?DocID=6107b24e-c379-47c4-99ee-d74a91a971ed&KeyWord=%E5%BC%A0%E6%88%90%E5%9D%87。