乡村多元治理的规制困境与机制化弥合——基于软法治理方式
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摘要
在多元共治的治理结构下,乡村治理的主体拓展至包括乡镇政府、村民委员会、农村社会组织、新型农业经营主体在内的政府、农民、市场、社会等四维治理主体。随着治理环境多样、治理主体多元、治理关系多维,各主体间的利益协调关系也会变得更为复杂。多对利益关系间的交互形成了多种利益矛盾:社区自治与政府管理间的博弈、个体利益与公共利益之间的抵牾、乡村治理文化与法律规则间的冲突。协调这些利益,单靠法律治理是不够的,需要将软法治理引入到乡村治理的实践中,选择自治、德治、法治相统一的治理价值,进而形成软法治理的双重参与机制、效力约束机制与耦合衔接机制,用以弥合多元主体参与社区治理的规制困境,进而推进新时代乡村振兴的实现。
Under the governance structure of pluralistic and co-governance,the main body of rural governance extends to the government,farmers,market and society,which include the township government,the villagers' committee,the rural social organization and the new agricultural management subject.As the governance environment is diverse,the governance subject is diverse,and the governance relationship is multidimensional,the interest coordination relationship among the main bodies will become more complex.Under such a multi-dimensional interest structure,the interaction between multi-interest relations forms a variety of interest contradictions:the game between community autonomy and government management,the contradiction between individual interest and public interest.The conflict between the culture of rural governance and the rules of law.Coordinate these interests In 2001,it was not enough to rely on law alone.It is necessary to introduce soft law governance into the practice of rural governance,select the governance value of the rule of law by virtue of autonomy,and then form the dual participation mechanism of soft law governance,the binding mechanism of effectiveness and the coupling mechanism.In order to bridge the regulatory dilemma of multiple subjects participating in community governance,and then promote the realization of rural revitalization under the background of the new era.
Under the governance structure of pluralistic and co-governance,the main body of rural governance extends to the government,farmers,market and society,which include the township government,the villagers' committee,the rural social organization and the new agricultural management subject.As the governance environment is diverse,the governance subject is diverse,and the governance relationship is multidimensional,the interest coordination relationship among the main bodies will become more complex.Under such a multi-dimensional interest structure,the interaction between multi-interest relations forms a variety of interest contradictions:the game between community autonomy and government management,the contradiction between individual interest and public interest.The conflict between the culture of rural governance and the rules of law.Coordinate these interests In 2001,it was not enough to rely on law alone.It is necessary to introduce soft law governance into the practice of rural governance,select the governance value of the rule of law by virtue of autonomy,and then form the dual participation mechanism of soft law governance,the binding mechanism of effectiveness and the coupling mechanism.In order to bridge the regulatory dilemma of multiple subjects participating in community governance,and then promote the realization of rural revitalization under the background of the new era.
引文
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[23]沈岿.风险交流的软法构建[J].清华法学,2015(6):45-61.
[2]沈岿.软法概念之正当性新辨——以法律沟通论为诠释依据[J].法商研究,2014(1):14-15.
[3]赵晓峰.漫谈近代以来乡村基层组织的演变逻辑[J].调研世界,2008(11):24-27.
[4]常安.改革时代的村民自治变迁历程:缘起、挑战与未来[J].学术交流,2015(3):94-98.
[5]马华.村治实验:中国农村基层民主的发展样态及逻辑[J].中国社会科学,2018(5):136-159.
[6]熊光清,钟园园.多中心协同治理在社区治理中的作用——以湖北省宜昌市西陵区社区治理经验为例[J].学习与探索,2018(5):38-48.
[7]胡尹慧.多元治理机制维度下行政不作为规制的逻辑与路径[J].河北法学,2017(6):165-171.
[8]朱喜群.社区冲突视阈下城市社区多元治理中的权力博弈——以苏州市D社区更换物业公司为考察个案[J].公共管理学报,2016(3):49-60.
[9]李长健,杨莲芳.三权分置、农地流转及其风险防范[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2016,16(4):49-55.
[10]王虎.风险社会的软法治理[J].自然辩证法研究,2018(3):33-37.
[11]刘超.社区治理体系建设中的文化认知:功能、困境及出路[J].吉首大学学报(社会科学版),2018(3):114-121.
[12]李方方.新时代乡村振兴的动力转型与村治逻辑[J].河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2018(3):30-34.
[13]张秀吉.农村社区化建设中的利益多元与治理——以齐河县农村合村并居为例[J].山东社会科学,2011(2):86-90.
[14]邓正来.中国法学向何处去[M].北京:商务印书馆,2011:210.
[15]陈寒非,高其才.乡规民约在乡村治理中的积极作用实证研究[J].清华法学,2018(1):62-88.
[16] H L A Hart.The Concept of Law[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1994:240.
[17]钱再见,汪家焰.国家治理现代化视角下的政治权威及其实现路径研究[J].行政论坛,2018(3):39-48.
[18]约翰·穆勒.功利主义[M].徐大建,译.北京:商务印书馆,2014:15.
[19]史云贵,孟群.县域生态治理能力:概念、要素与体系构建[J].四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2018(2):5-13.
[20]李长健.我国农民合作经济组织立法若干问题研究(下)[J].法学评论,2005(5):95.
[21]罗豪才,周强.软法研究的多维思考[J].中国法学,2013(5):102-111.
[22]李长健.论农民权益的经济法保护——以利益与利益机制为视角[J].中国法学,2005(3):120-134.
[23]沈岿.风险交流的软法构建[J].清华法学,2015(6):45-61.