规制改革影响中国民航业发展效率的作用机理与实证分析
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摘要
随着规制放松和市场化改革的逐步推进,中国民航业在打破政府垄断、引入市场竞争机制等方面取得突破性进展。为了探讨规制改革等因素对民航业发展效率的影响,本文分析了中国民航业的发展及其资源配置效率在行业规制改革和行业垄断等因素影响下的变化情况。研究发现,适当的规制放松能够显著改善民航业发展现状及其发展效率,同时也能够改善行业垄断现状;而行业垄断程度的大小对民航业的资源配置产生低效率的影响,说明行业垄断程度的提高对中国民航业迅速发展的正向影响存在局限性。在实证研究结果的基础上,本文对民航业发展效率的提高提出相应的政策建议。
With the gradual advance of deregulation and market-oriented reform,Chinese civil aviation industry has made breakthrough progress in breaking the government monopoly and introducing market competition mechanism. To study the factors that influence the efficiency of civil aviation industry development such as regulatory reform,this paper analyzes the China's civil aviation industry development and resource allocation efficiency changes under the influence of industry regulation reform and industry monopoly. Results included the following: Proper deregulation can significantly improve development of the civil aviation industry and its efficiency,and also to improve the monopoly status of China civil aviation industry. The degree of the industry monopoly has a low impact on the civil aviation industry's resource allocation,which shows that the improvement of the industry monopoly has the limited positive impact of the rapid development of civil aviation industry in China. On the basis of the results of the empirical study,this paper puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations to improve the efficiency of civil aviation industry.
With the gradual advance of deregulation and market-oriented reform,Chinese civil aviation industry has made breakthrough progress in breaking the government monopoly and introducing market competition mechanism. To study the factors that influence the efficiency of civil aviation industry development such as regulatory reform,this paper analyzes the China's civil aviation industry development and resource allocation efficiency changes under the influence of industry regulation reform and industry monopoly. Results included the following: Proper deregulation can significantly improve development of the civil aviation industry and its efficiency,and also to improve the monopoly status of China civil aviation industry. The degree of the industry monopoly has a low impact on the civil aviation industry's resource allocation,which shows that the improvement of the industry monopoly has the limited positive impact of the rapid development of civil aviation industry in China. On the basis of the results of the empirical study,this paper puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations to improve the efficiency of civil aviation industry.
引文
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[16]MOORE T G.U.S.airline deregulation:its effects on passengers,capital,and labor[J].Journal of law and economics,1986,29(1):1-28.
[17]于良春,姚丽.中国民航业的规模经济效益及相关产业组织政策分析[J].产业经济研究,2006(02):18-23+54.
[18]王萍,王靖.中国民航业规制效果的实证分析[J].财经问题研究,2008(03):30-35.
[19]范林凯,李晓萍,应珊珊.渐进式改革背景下产能过剩的现实基础与形成机理[J].中国工业经济,2015(01):19-31.
[20]林毅夫.潮涌现象与发展中国家宏观经济理论的重新构建[J].经济研究,2007(01):126-131.
[2]SANDLER Ralph D.Market share instability in commercial airline markets and the impact of deregulation[J].The journal of industrial economics,1988,36(3):327-335.
[3]BORENSTEIN S.The evolution of U.S.airline competition[J].Journal of economic perspectives,1992(6):45-73.
[4]BALTAGI B H,GRIFFIN J M,RICH D P.Airline deregulation:the cost pieces of the Puzzle[J].International economic review,1995,36(1):245-258.
[5]GORDONR J.Productivity in the transportation sector,working paper[J].National bureau of economic research,1990(1):371-427.
[6]MCDONNELLG.What caused airline deregulation:economists or economics?[J].The independent review,2014,19(3):379-395.
[7]HOOPER P.Airline competition and deregulation in developed and developing country contexts—Australia and India[J].Journal of transport geography,1998,6(2):105-116.
[8]李眺.论可竞争市场与放松规制——以美国民航业为例[J].外国经济与管理,2002(09):25-29.
[9]陈学云,江可申.航空运输业规制放松与反行政垄断——基于自然垄断的强度分析[J].中国工业经济,2008(06):67-76.
[10]ADRANGI B,CHOW G,RAFFIEE K.Passenger output and labor productivity in the U.S.airline industry after deregulation:a profit function approach[J].Logistics and transportation review,1996,32(4):389-407.
[11]张红凤,张肇中.我国经济性规制改革的产业绩效评价[J].理论学刊,2012(07):30-37.
[12]曹锦周,戴昌钧.中国民航业规制改革及其绩效的实证研究[J].经济管理,2009(05):48-55.
[13]吴汶昱.我国民航业市场绩效分析[D].华东理工大学,2014.
[14]HANNIGAN T J,LII H,MUDAMBI R.Competition and competitiveness in the US airline industry[J].Competitiveness review,2015,25(02):155-134.
[15]张孝梅,戚聿东.深化航空运输业改革的动因和初始条件分析[J].中国工业经济,2010(08):56-65.
[16]MOORE T G.U.S.airline deregulation:its effects on passengers,capital,and labor[J].Journal of law and economics,1986,29(1):1-28.
[17]于良春,姚丽.中国民航业的规模经济效益及相关产业组织政策分析[J].产业经济研究,2006(02):18-23+54.
[18]王萍,王靖.中国民航业规制效果的实证分析[J].财经问题研究,2008(03):30-35.
[19]范林凯,李晓萍,应珊珊.渐进式改革背景下产能过剩的现实基础与形成机理[J].中国工业经济,2015(01):19-31.
[20]林毅夫.潮涌现象与发展中国家宏观经济理论的重新构建[J].经济研究,2007(01):126-131.