大型低渗-致密气田井网加密提高采收率对策——以鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田为例
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摘要
提高采收率是中国低渗-致密气田稳产期间面临的核心问题,确定合理的加密井网是提高储量动用程度的关键。通过明确苏里格气田有效储层规模尺度与4种空间组合类型,评价指出气田动静储量比仅为15.3%,储量动用程度低剩余储量规模大,划分出直井未动用、水平井遗留和井间剩余3种剩余储量类型。提出了井网加密是提高井间剩余储量动用程度的有效措施,构建了采收率、采收率增量、平均气井产量、加密井增产气量、产量干扰率等井网加密评价指标体系,确立了合理加密井网需满足的标准。结合地质模型、数值模拟、密井网试验数据验证等手段综合评价认为,合理加密井网应与有效储层组合类型相匹配、与气价及成本条件密切相关。在目前气价波动范围及经济技术条件下,苏里格气田采用4口/km2的加密井网是合理的。
Enhancing oil recovery is an essential issue during the stable production of low-permeability tight sandstone gasfields in China,and the reasonable infilled well pattern is determined as the key to improve reserve producing degree.The effective reservoir scale and four types of space assemblage are identified,and the assessment indicates that the ratio between dynamic and static geological reserves(RDS)is only 15.3%in Sulige gasfield.The reserve producing degree is very low,while the residual reserve scale is large,divided into vertical-well unemployed reserve,horizontal-well remaining reserve and inter-well residual reserve.It is proposed that well pattern infilling is an effective measure to improve inter-well residual reserve,and the evaluation index system is constructed including recovery ratio,recovery increment,average gas well production,increased gas production of infilled well and production interference ratio.Meanwhile,the standard for reasonable infilled well pattern is also determined.Through geologic model,numerical simulation,test data verification of dense well pattern and other means,it is comprehensively concluded that the reasonable infilled well pattern is matched with effective reservoir assemblage type and closely related to natural gas price and relevant cost.In current gas price fluctuation range and economic-technological conditions,the infilled well pattern of 4 wells/km2 is reasonable.
Enhancing oil recovery is an essential issue during the stable production of low-permeability tight sandstone gasfields in China,and the reasonable infilled well pattern is determined as the key to improve reserve producing degree.The effective reservoir scale and four types of space assemblage are identified,and the assessment indicates that the ratio between dynamic and static geological reserves(RDS)is only 15.3%in Sulige gasfield.The reserve producing degree is very low,while the residual reserve scale is large,divided into vertical-well unemployed reserve,horizontal-well remaining reserve and inter-well residual reserve.It is proposed that well pattern infilling is an effective measure to improve inter-well residual reserve,and the evaluation index system is constructed including recovery ratio,recovery increment,average gas well production,increased gas production of infilled well and production interference ratio.Meanwhile,the standard for reasonable infilled well pattern is also determined.Through geologic model,numerical simulation,test data verification of dense well pattern and other means,it is comprehensively concluded that the reasonable infilled well pattern is matched with effective reservoir assemblage type and closely related to natural gas price and relevant cost.In current gas price fluctuation range and economic-technological conditions,the infilled well pattern of 4 wells/km2 is reasonable.
引文
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[9]周大伟,张广清,刘志斌,等.致密砂岩多段分簇压裂中孔隙压力场对多裂缝扩展的影响[J].石油学报,2017,38(7):830-839.ZHOU Dawei,ZHANG Guangqing,LIU Zhibin,et al.Influences of pore-pressure field on multi-fracture propagation during the multi-stage cluster fracturing of tight sandstone[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(7):830-839.
[10]谭中国,卢涛,刘艳侠,等.苏里格气田“十三五”期间提高采收率技术思路[J].天然气工业,2016,36(3):30-40.TAN Zhongguo,LU Tao,LIU Yanxia,et al.Technical ideas of recovery enhancement in the Sulige gasfield during the 13th FiveYear Plan[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(3):30-40.
[11]窦伟坦,刘新社,王涛.鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田地层水成因及气水分布规律[J].石油学报,2010,31(5):767-773.DOU Weitan,LIU Xinshe,WANG Tao.The origin of formation water and the regularity of gas and water distribution for the Sulige gas field,Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(5):767-773.
[12]王泽明,鲁保菊,段传丽,等.苏里格气田苏20区块气水分布规律[J].天然气工业,2010,30(12):37-40.WANG Zeming,LU Baoju,DUAN Chuanli,et al.Gas-water distribution pattern in Block 20 of the Sulige gas field[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(12):37-40.
[13]代金友,李建霆,王宝刚,等.苏里格气田西区气水分布规律及其形成机理[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,35(5):524-529.DAI Jinyou,LI Jianting,WANG Baogang,et al.Distribution regularity and formation mechanism of gas and water in the western area of Sulige gas field,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,2012,35(5):524-529.
[14]郭智,贾爱林,冀光,等.致密砂岩气田储量分类及井网加密调整方法——以苏里格气田为例[J].石油学报,2017,38(11):1299-1309.GUO Zhi,JIA Ailin,JI Guang,et al.Reserve classification and well pattern infilling method of tight sandstone gasfield:a case study of Sulige gasfield[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(11):1299-1309.
[15]卢涛,刘艳侠,武力超,等.鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田致密砂岩气藏稳产难点与对策[J].天然气工业,2015,35(6):43-52.LU Tao,LIU Yanxia,WU Lichao,et al.Challenges to and countermeasures for the production stabilization of tight sandstone gas reservoirs of the Sulige Gas field,Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(6):43-52.
[16]贾爱林,闰海军,郭建林,等.全球不同类型大型气藏的开发特征及经验[J].天然气工业,2014,34(10):33-46.JIA Ailin,RUN Haijun,GUO Jianlin,et al.Characteristics and experiences of the development of various giant gas fields all over the world[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(10):33-46.
[17]何东博,贾爱林,冀光,等.苏里格大型致密砂岩气田开发井型井网技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(1):79-89.HE Dongbo,JIA Ailin,JI Guang,et al.Well type and pattern optimization technology for large scale tight sand gas,Sulige gas field[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,2013,40(1):79-89.
[18]何东博,王丽娟,冀光,等.苏里格致密砂岩气田开发井距优化[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(4):458-464.HE Dongbo,WANG Lijuan,JI Guang,et al.Well spacing optimization for Sulige tight sand gas field,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,2012,39(4):458-464.
[19]郭智,孙龙德,贾爱林,等.辫状河相致密砂岩气藏三维地质建模[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(1):76-83.GUO Zhi,SUN Longde,JIA Aili,et al.3D geological modeling for tight sand gas reservoir of braided river facies[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,2015,42(1):76-83.
[20]刘群明,唐海发,冀光,等.苏里格致密砂岩气田水平井开发地质目标优选[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(7):1360-1366.LIU Qunming,TAN Haifa,JI Guang,et al.Geological target optimization for horizontal well development of tight sand gas,Sulige gas field,Ordos Basin,China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(7):1360-1366.
[21]万玉金,罗瑞兰,韩永新.透镜状致密砂岩气藏井网加密技术与应用[J].科技创新导报,2014,28(11):41-44.WAN Yujin,LUO Ruilan,HAN Yongxin.The infill technology and application of lenticular tightsands gas reservoir[J].Science and Technology Innovation Herald,2014,28(11):41-44.
[22]严谨,史云清,郑荣臣,等.致密砂岩气藏井网加密潜力快速评价方法[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(1):125-128.YAN Jin,SHI Yunqing,ZHENG Rongchen,et al.Quick evaluation methodology of infill drilling potential in tight sandstone gas reservoirs[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(1):125-128.
[23]MCCAIN W D,VONEIFF G W,HUNT E R,et al.A tight gas field study:Carthage(Cotton Valley)field[R].SPE26141,1993.
[24]VONEIFF G W,CIPOLIA C.A new approach to large-scale infill evaluations applied to the Ozona(Canyon)gas sands[R].SPE35203,1996.
[25]李跃刚,徐文,肖峰,等.基于动态特征的开发井网优化——以苏里格致密强非均质砂岩气田为例[J].天然气工业,2014,34(11):56-61.LI Yuegang,XU Wen,XIAO Feng,et al.Development well pattern optimization based on dynamic characteristics:a case study from the Sulige tight sandstone gas field with great heterogeneity[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(11):56-61.
[2]杨华,刘新社.鄂尔多斯盆地古生界煤层成气勘探进展[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(2):129-137.YANG Hua,LIU Xinshe.Progress of Paleozoic coal-derived gas exploration in Ordos Basin,West China[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,2014,41(2):129-137.
[3]杨华,付金华,刘新社,等.苏里格大型致密砂岩气藏形成条件及勘探技术[J].石油学报,2012,31(增刊1):27-36.YANG Hua,FU Jinhua,LIU Xinshe,et al.Formation conditions and exploration technology of large-scale tight sandstone gas reservoir in Sulige[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,31(S1):27-36.
[4]王珂,张惠良,张荣虎,等.超深层致密砂岩储层构造裂缝特征及影响因素——以塔里木盆地克深2气田为例[J].石油学报,2016,37(6):715-727.WANG Ke,ZHANG Huiliang,ZHANG Ronghu,et al.Characteristics and influencing factors of ultra-deep tight sandstone reservoir structural fracture:a case study of Keshen-2 gas field,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(6):715-727.
[5]王香增.延长石油集团非常规天然气勘探开发进展[J].石油学报,2016,37(1):137-144.WANG Xiangzeng.Advances in unconventional gas exploration and development of Yanchang Petroleum Group[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(1):137-144.
[6]贾爱林,唐俊伟,何东博,等.苏里格气田强非均质致密砂岩储层的地质建模[J].中国石油勘探,2007,12(1):12-16.JIA Ailin,TANG Junwei,HE Dongbo,et al.Geological modeling for sandstone reservoirs with low permeability and strong heterogeneity in Sulige gasfield[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2007,12(1):12-16.
[7]何东博,贾爱林,田昌炳,等.苏里格气田储集层成岩作用及有效储集层成因[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(3):69-71.HE Dongbo,JIA Ailin,TIAN Changbing,et al.Diagenesis and genesis of effective sandstone reservoirs in the Sulige gas field[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,2004,31(3):69-71.
[8]马新华,贾爱林,谭健,等.中国致密砂岩气开发工程技术与实践[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(5):572-579.MA Xinhua,JIA Ailin,TAN Jian,et al.Tight sand gas development technologies and practices in China[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,2012,39(5):572-579.
[9]周大伟,张广清,刘志斌,等.致密砂岩多段分簇压裂中孔隙压力场对多裂缝扩展的影响[J].石油学报,2017,38(7):830-839.ZHOU Dawei,ZHANG Guangqing,LIU Zhibin,et al.Influences of pore-pressure field on multi-fracture propagation during the multi-stage cluster fracturing of tight sandstone[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(7):830-839.
[10]谭中国,卢涛,刘艳侠,等.苏里格气田“十三五”期间提高采收率技术思路[J].天然气工业,2016,36(3):30-40.TAN Zhongguo,LU Tao,LIU Yanxia,et al.Technical ideas of recovery enhancement in the Sulige gasfield during the 13th FiveYear Plan[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(3):30-40.
[11]窦伟坦,刘新社,王涛.鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田地层水成因及气水分布规律[J].石油学报,2010,31(5):767-773.DOU Weitan,LIU Xinshe,WANG Tao.The origin of formation water and the regularity of gas and water distribution for the Sulige gas field,Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(5):767-773.
[12]王泽明,鲁保菊,段传丽,等.苏里格气田苏20区块气水分布规律[J].天然气工业,2010,30(12):37-40.WANG Zeming,LU Baoju,DUAN Chuanli,et al.Gas-water distribution pattern in Block 20 of the Sulige gas field[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(12):37-40.
[13]代金友,李建霆,王宝刚,等.苏里格气田西区气水分布规律及其形成机理[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,35(5):524-529.DAI Jinyou,LI Jianting,WANG Baogang,et al.Distribution regularity and formation mechanism of gas and water in the western area of Sulige gas field,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,2012,35(5):524-529.
[14]郭智,贾爱林,冀光,等.致密砂岩气田储量分类及井网加密调整方法——以苏里格气田为例[J].石油学报,2017,38(11):1299-1309.GUO Zhi,JIA Ailin,JI Guang,et al.Reserve classification and well pattern infilling method of tight sandstone gasfield:a case study of Sulige gasfield[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(11):1299-1309.
[15]卢涛,刘艳侠,武力超,等.鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田致密砂岩气藏稳产难点与对策[J].天然气工业,2015,35(6):43-52.LU Tao,LIU Yanxia,WU Lichao,et al.Challenges to and countermeasures for the production stabilization of tight sandstone gas reservoirs of the Sulige Gas field,Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(6):43-52.
[16]贾爱林,闰海军,郭建林,等.全球不同类型大型气藏的开发特征及经验[J].天然气工业,2014,34(10):33-46.JIA Ailin,RUN Haijun,GUO Jianlin,et al.Characteristics and experiences of the development of various giant gas fields all over the world[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(10):33-46.
[17]何东博,贾爱林,冀光,等.苏里格大型致密砂岩气田开发井型井网技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(1):79-89.HE Dongbo,JIA Ailin,JI Guang,et al.Well type and pattern optimization technology for large scale tight sand gas,Sulige gas field[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,2013,40(1):79-89.
[18]何东博,王丽娟,冀光,等.苏里格致密砂岩气田开发井距优化[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(4):458-464.HE Dongbo,WANG Lijuan,JI Guang,et al.Well spacing optimization for Sulige tight sand gas field,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,2012,39(4):458-464.
[19]郭智,孙龙德,贾爱林,等.辫状河相致密砂岩气藏三维地质建模[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(1):76-83.GUO Zhi,SUN Longde,JIA Aili,et al.3D geological modeling for tight sand gas reservoir of braided river facies[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,2015,42(1):76-83.
[20]刘群明,唐海发,冀光,等.苏里格致密砂岩气田水平井开发地质目标优选[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(7):1360-1366.LIU Qunming,TAN Haifa,JI Guang,et al.Geological target optimization for horizontal well development of tight sand gas,Sulige gas field,Ordos Basin,China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(7):1360-1366.
[21]万玉金,罗瑞兰,韩永新.透镜状致密砂岩气藏井网加密技术与应用[J].科技创新导报,2014,28(11):41-44.WAN Yujin,LUO Ruilan,HAN Yongxin.The infill technology and application of lenticular tightsands gas reservoir[J].Science and Technology Innovation Herald,2014,28(11):41-44.
[22]严谨,史云清,郑荣臣,等.致密砂岩气藏井网加密潜力快速评价方法[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(1):125-128.YAN Jin,SHI Yunqing,ZHENG Rongchen,et al.Quick evaluation methodology of infill drilling potential in tight sandstone gas reservoirs[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(1):125-128.
[23]MCCAIN W D,VONEIFF G W,HUNT E R,et al.A tight gas field study:Carthage(Cotton Valley)field[R].SPE26141,1993.
[24]VONEIFF G W,CIPOLIA C.A new approach to large-scale infill evaluations applied to the Ozona(Canyon)gas sands[R].SPE35203,1996.
[25]李跃刚,徐文,肖峰,等.基于动态特征的开发井网优化——以苏里格致密强非均质砂岩气田为例[J].天然气工业,2014,34(11):56-61.LI Yuegang,XU Wen,XIAO Feng,et al.Development well pattern optimization based on dynamic characteristics:a case study from the Sulige tight sandstone gas field with great heterogeneity[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(11):56-61.